FINANCIAL INTERPRETATION OF RATES AND RATIO

ARLENE E. GAZZINGANDEM STUDENT

Growth Enrolment Ratio

a statistical measure used in the education sector and by the UN in its Education Index to determine the number of students enrolled in school at several different grade levels (like elementary, middle school and high school), and examine it to analyze the ratio of the number of students who live in that country to those who qualify for the particular grade level.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), describes 'Gross Enrollment Ratio' as the total enrollment within a

country "in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of

the population in the official age group corresponding to this level of education." 

For example, if a nation has 900,000 people enrolled in school in the academic year 2005/06, this number is divided by the total number of school-age individuals. Suppose this number is 1,000,000. This means 90 percent of the people are enrolled; or that 90 percent is the Gross Enrollment Ratio of that nation.

GER = number of actual students enrolled / number of potential students enrolled

Pupil/Student-Teacher Ratio

the number of students who attend a school or university divided by the number of teachers in the institution.

For example, a student–teacher ratio of 10:1 indicates that there are 10 students for every one teacher.

Facilities-Pupil/Student Ratio

the number of school facilities (classrooms, textbooks, toilets, laboratory rooms etc.) divided by the total number of enrollees in a particular school or bureau.

Maintain a classroom-pupil/student ratio at an average of 1:50

Number of pupils per classroom at the elementary level Source: DepEd

The target number of pupils per classroom has already been achieved at the elementary level since the start of the plan period. 

Number of students per classroom at the secondary level Source: DepEd

The number of students per classroom at the secondary level showed minimal changes in the past five years, thus remaining away from the target.

Close the classroom gap; 6,000 classrooms built per year

Number of classrooms built Source: DepEd

Construction of more classrooms was vigorousy pursued, thus, exceeding the target since SY 2004-2005.

Maintain a 1:1 textbook-pupil/student ratio

www.nscb.gov.ph

Number of textbooks per pupil/student in key subject areas at the elementary and secondary level Source: DepEd

The number of textbooks per pupil/student for both levels was maintained as targetted

Recurring Unit Cost Regular cost incurred repeatedly, or for each item produced or each service

 performed.

Thus, We can calculate alternative forms of unit costs of education. These are:

(i) Cost per learner (unit cost of education) = Total expenditure Total enrolment (ii) Cost per learner actually attending the school =

Total expenditure No. of student attending classes (ii) Cost per successful learner (effective unit costs of learner) =

Total expenditure Number of pass-out learners

(iii) Cost of education per capita = Total expenditure Total population

Ratio of Total Education Expenditures to Total School

BudgetPublic expenditure on education as % of total

government expenditure is the total public education expenditure (current and capital) expressed as a percentage of total government expenditure for all sectors in a given financial year. Public education expenditure includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration, and subsidies for private entities (students/households and other private entities).

Total Actual Government Expenditures on Education, by Expenditure Item: 2006-2009

2006 2007 2008 2009 1/

Total Government Expenditure   1,044,827,405

  1,155,508,758   1,226,700,000   1,226,700,000

  Personal services (PS) 323,633,987 341,748,151 383,998,105 383,998,105

 Maintenance and other operating expenses (MOOE) 615,626,882 656,062,152 670,171,782 670,171,782

  Capital outlay (CO) 105,566,536 157,698,455 172,530,113 172,530,113

 

Total Government Expenditure on Education     123,530,161      145,393,169

     152,079,839      170,867,742

PS 108,729,973 117,760,981 116,005,623 138,253,152

  Department of Education 2/     107,536,173     116,487,750     114,768,931     136,820,994

 Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA)     1,037,505     1,115,842     1,072,768     1,240,258

  CHED (Commission on Higher Education)         156,295       157,389       163,924

MOOE   11,329,401   20,042,384   25,166,475   23,532,744

  DepEd 2/     8,794,793   17,096,034   21,732,212   20,268,105

  TESDA       981,101     1,879,457     2,016,091     1,869,757

  CHED     1,553,507     1,066,893     1,418,172     1,394,882

CO     3,470,787     7,589,804   10,907,741     9,081,846

  DepEd 2/     3,004,030     6,344,798   10,746,042     8,852,870

  TESDA       348,220       734,236       156,699       228,976

  CHED

Share of Education to Total Government

Budget11.8 12.6 12.4 13.9

by expenditure item      

  PS 10.4 10.2 9.5 11.3

  MOOE 1.1 1.7 2.1 1.9

  CO               0.3               0.7               0.9               0.7

by pillars of education      

  DepEd 2/ 11.4 12.1 12.0 13.5

  TESDA 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

  CHED 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1

Source of basic data: Budget of Expenditures and Sources of Financing, Department of Budget and Management.Notes: 1/ - Proposed budget 2/ - Includes the Office of the Secretary, National Book Development Board, National Council for Children TV, Philippine High School and Arts, and state universities and colleges  

Promotion Rate the percentage of pupils/students promoted to

the next grade/year level in the following school year.(Reference: UNESCO)

Promotion Rate= Promotees × 100 Enrolment

Dropout Ratethe percentage of pupils who leave school

during the year for any reason as well as those who complete the previous grade/year level but fail to enroll in the next grade/year level the following school year.

(Reference: 2006 Inter-Agency Committee on Education Statistics (IACES))

How to Compute:DR= Gr.(X-1) enrolment- (Gr.X enrol.-Gr.Xrepeater)

SYN-1 SYN_______ × 100

Gr. (X-1)enrolment DR Gr.III= Gr.2enrolment-Gr. Enrolment-Gr.repeaters)

SY 2005-06 SY 2006-07_________× 100

Gr.2 enrolment = 295- (289-7) × 100

295 = 295-282 × 100

295 =0.0440678 × 100=4.40678DR Gr III= 4.41%

Cohort Survival Ratethe percentage of enrollees at the beginning

grade or year in a given school year who reached the final grade or year of the elementary/secondary level.

How to compute:CSR= Number of Grade VI pupils

Number of Grade I pupils (6 years ago)

Cohort survival rate at the elementary level will increase to 73.0% in SY 2005-2006 and 78.0% in SY 2010-2011

Cohort survival rate at the elementary level Source: DepEd

The cohort survival rate at the elementary level is generally increasing and the target is likely to be attained.

Cohort survival rate at the secondary level will increase to 68.0% in SY 2005-2006 and 71.5% in SY 2010-2011

Cohort survival rate at the secondary level Source: DepEd

Cohort survival rate at the secondary level experienced increments starting in in SY 2006-2007, and hovering near the 80 percent mark, thereby exceeding the target in the last five years, except in SY 2005-06

Class Size Indicatora measure of the average number of students

in any given course in a school or education system, and it is often expressed as a ratio of students to teachers—e.g., 25 to 1, or 25 students for every one teacher. The term class size may also refer to the total number of students in a particular grade level, or “class,” in a school.

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