Transcript of Filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. Operated on the Monasticism:...
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical
world. Operated on the Monasticism: a religious way of life that
involves renouncing worldly pursuits in order to fully devote one's
self to spiritual work. Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and
obedience. Provided schools for the children of the upper class.
Libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate
manuscripts. Monks missionaries to the barbarians.
- Slide 4
- Each village or town had a number of priests Each priest was
overseen by a bishop A group of bishops (regionally) was overseen
by an archbishop The archbishops reported directly to the Pope in
Vatican City.
- Slide 5
- PopeArchbishopBishop Priests & Monks Parishioners
- Slide 6
- Monks were the lowest level of the church. Primary jobs: Help
the poor and transient Copy books by hand Important in spreading
Christianity around Europe.
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Life for people in the Middle Ages was short and hard. People
comforted by the Roman Catholic belief that they would go to heaven
if they followed the churchs teachings. Also feared punishment
after death for not following the churchs teachings.
- Slide 9
- Church had great economic power. Collecting fiefs from lords in
exchange for services performed by clergy. Single largest land
owner in Europe Tithe a tax Christians were required to pay that
equaled 10% of their income Indulgences a monetary payment of
penalty which, supposedly, absolved one of past sins and/or
released one from purgatory after death. Peters Pence - a yearly
tax of a penny levied by the Holy See on every household to support
the Pope
- Slide 10
- Church had great secular power Church had their own set of laws
called canon law, and its own courts of justice.canon law Popes
believed that they had the authority over kings Sometimes
excommunicated secular rulers who challenged or threatened papal
power.
- Slide 11
- What did the kings and popes argue about in the Late Middle
Ages?
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- So, theres no emperor, no king, no president, no single ruler
of Europe. There are a bunch of landowners and rulers of small
kingdoms who want more power. Oh, and theres a Pope. But no
military power X
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- The picture on the next slide is of Charlemagne being crowned
by the pope. Who seems to be the one in charge in the picture? What
makes you think that?
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Round 1: Charlemagne vs. Pope Leo
- Slide 18
- Both Charlemagne and Pope Leo thought they should lead
Christendom & the Christian Church Charlemagne united Europe
under Christianity so he felt he should lead The Pope was the head
of the church so he thought he should lead Leo crowned Charles
making it seem like Charlemagnes authority came from Leo (he who
gives the crown has the power!) This was only the start of the
struggle...
- Slide 19
- Philosophical Throwdown
- Slide 20
- Throwdown Who do you believe should run the empire? The King
The Church
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Charlemagnes empire eventually splits in 3 Henry IV eventually
becomes king of the east (Germany) Gregory VII is pope in Rome at
that time Gregory challenged the authority of European monarchies
over control of appointments (called investitures) of church
officials such as bishops and abbots
- Slide 23
- Simony = the act of selling church offices and roles. Important
source of income for leaders among the nobility Bishops and abbots
typically nobility Younger sons of the nobility would often be
appointed bishops It was beneficial for a ruler or nobleman to
appoint (or sell the office to) someone who would be loyal Pope
Gregory says NO!
- Slide 24
- Mine! No Mine!
- Slide 25
- Henry IV, king not through usurpation but through the holy
ordination of God, to Gregory at present not pope but false monk.
I, Henry, king by the grace of God, with all of my Bishops, say to
you, come down, come down, and be d*m*ed throughout the ages.
Sincerely, King Henry IV
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Im sorry pope, please let me in! What? Sorry! Cant hear you!
Come back tomorrow!
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- P ope Gregory questioned Henrys authority to pick bishops and
abbots. H enry tried to get Gregory removed as Pope. G regory
excommunicated Henry. H enry begged for 3 days to be let back into
the church so people would listen to him again. G regory let him in
after proving the pope was the most powerful figure.
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Many kings became ruthless and increasingly power hungry. King
John began taxing the Church in England. The Church decided they
would then leave the country entirely. People feared they would be
sent to Hell.
- Slide 32
- After the church left the nobles threatened to abandon King
John too No priests = damnation John arresting people for no reason
if he felt they were challenging his authority Nobles wrote out a
list of their demands called the Magna Carta. (Great Charter)
Either agree to our demands or we leave and take our soldiers with
us.
- Slide 33
- Your lands cannot be taken in payment for debt as long as you
pay the debt some other way. For small offences you will face only
a small penalty. The rights of the Church are considered to be the
same as the rights of freemen. The King shall not raise taxes
without first consulting with the barons. No widow shall be forced
to marry so long as she prefers to live without a husband. The
Magna Carta Nobles will face punishment only by other nobles. No
one will be forced to make bridges at river-banks. (seriously)
There shall be standard weights and measures throughout the realm.
No one will be put in jail without first having a trial by jury.
The king, like all others in England, must follow the law. The king
cannot force anyone to go to war outside of the country.
- Slide 34
- I, King John, accept that I have to rule according to the law.
1.Not to imprison nobles without trial 2.To have fair taxation for
the nobles 3.To let nobles travel wherever they like 4.Not to
interfere in Church matters 5.Not to take crops without paying for
them and lot more things too!!
- Slide 35
- What do you think King John did after signing the Magna
Carta?
- Slide 36
- John appealed to Pope Innocent for help, observing that the
charter compromised the pope's rights Innocent obliged; he declared
the charter "not only shameful and demeaning, but illegal and
unjust" and excommunicated the rebel barons. The failure of the
agreement led rapidly to war with the nobility - known as the
Barons Wars.
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- War fought for religious purposes Goal was to regain the holy
land (Jerusalem) for Christians from Muslim control Pope Urban II
ordered Europeans to take back the land in 1095. He promised that
any who fought against the infidels would go to Heaven.
- Slide 39
- 1 st Crusade: Conquered Jerusalem and held it for almost 100
years. 2 nd : Muslim leader Saladin retakes Jerusalem 3 rd : King
Richard fights Saladin and loses. While gone Prince John takes
overMagna Carta, etc. 4 th -8 th :Crusaders lose more.
- Slide 40
- Holy land remains under Arab control. Europeans realized there
was much more to the world than they ever knew Islamic science,
math, art, literature, and military science Trade and technology
expanded: gun powder, coffee, etc. Europe became more unified as
the knights now had a common enemy. I wuv you German guy! Ahh, I
wuv you too Frenchie!
- Slide 41