Post on 12-Feb-2017
ACME Electronics Corporation 1
Ferrite Specification&
ACME Ferrites
Technical Aspects
By Ray Lai, FAEJune 2015
With Supports of RD & Marketing Teams
ACME Electronics Corporation
Table of Content
1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
3. Technical Application Example: CMC
4. Technical Application Example: DC-DC choke
5. Technical Application Example: SMPS transformer
6. Appendix A: Further on ferrite specifications
7. Appendix B: (a) Fringing effect of gapped core (b) Manipulating magnetizing curve
8. Appendix C: An analogy and differentiation on R, C, and L and why magnetic components are so UNIQUE
Q & A2
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
3
A typical ferrite “material” specification looks like
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Looking at the material specification, what image pops up in our mind? This or those?
The specification sheet generally seen are measured with a fixed core geometry with center turns of winding.
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsFerrite Production is a time consuming process with many variables –explicit or implicit
Fe2O3
MnO2
ZnO……
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Trilogy of Magnetizing Curve (only B-H Curve is well known, but it’s a “derivative”)
a. B-H curve b. -F curve c. -i curve
𝑢𝑟=𝑑𝐵𝑑𝐻 𝐴𝐿=
𝑑𝜙𝑑𝐹 𝐿=
𝑑 Λ𝑑𝑖
“Initial” Permeability
“Material Specification
Single Turn Inductance
“Product” Specification
DeviceInductance
Measurable
What Ampere’s law and Faraday law of magnetic induction
are based on
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
B-H Curve is a “derived” characteristic1. From a closed-loop fix core geometry (usually toroid core),
why? Considering most of the power applications are not ring core and normally with air gap.
2. Under a fixed condition (low frequency low flux density sinusoidal excitation), why? Considering the majority of ferrite is for mid-to-high frequency square-wave driven SMPS application with as high as possible flux density
For practical design purposes, most of the time, the published material specification (i.e., B-H Curve) is just like TV commercial, what you see is not always what you get!
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
B-H curve is a critical index for ferrite powder maker to qualify its material quality. ACME as a ferrite producer, uses it to roll out the property roadmap of his powders per the application demands.
On the other hand, in real application, the core geometry takes equally the same importance in meeting the desired performance required by a design.
Magnetic component designer must understand the catches on the material specifications and have good knowledge on core design issues to provide a sound design for the intended applications (adapter, converter, WPC, etc.,)
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Key specifications
a. Permeability ui and ua from B-H curve
b. Saturation flux density Bsat
c. Core loss density Pv
d. Effective Bandwidth
will be explained in detail. The rest specification items:
Remanence (Brms) and Coercivity (Hc), Hysteresis Material Constant (ηB), Disaccommodation Factor (DF) and Quality Factor (Q) will be discussed in Appendix A
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Why B-H Curve is so important for Ferromagnetic Material
Magnetic Field H
Flux density B
Permanent magnetics永磁
Soft magnetic material軟磁
Bsat
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua
Freq. Flux den. Temp. P45 P46 P47
Initial Permeability μi ≤ 10KHz 0.25mT 25°C 3100 ± 25% 3300 ± 25% 3000 ± 25%
25°C > 5000 > 4500 > 5000
100°C > 5000 > 4500 > 5000
Unit Measuring Conditions Wide Temperature Low Loss Materials
Amplitude Permeability μa 25KHz 200mT
Symbol
Specifications in table are only for fixed conditions
But, permeability is actually a function of Temperature and Load and it’s non-linear
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua Permeability is a function of Temperature
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua TSMP is a critical factor if close to 20~30℃
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua Permeability is a function of Load
Faraday law of magnetic induction and Ampere’s law are the corner stones
By Ampere’s law, rewrite the Faraday law of induction
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua Permeability is a function of Load
If is sinusoidal excitation , then the current will be in the same form with phase delay
Taking out the time variant term
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua Permeability is a function of Load
is the flux generated by this condition (it is flux that drives the E-M conversion, not flux density )
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua Permeability is a function of LoadIn SMPS, the excitation is square-like waveform
is the flux generated by this condition (it is flux that drives the E-M conversion, not flux density )
Volt-Second Balance is the key of E-M conversion
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Permeability ui and ua
The difference between ui and ua is the flux (thus flux density) applied.
ui is just ua under extremely low flux density condition
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
B-H curve is a “Hysteresis loop” (Pętla histerezy)
Flux Density B[T]
Magnetic Residue Br
Coercive Force Hc
Magnetic FieldH [A/m]
Saturation (Bsat)
Hmax
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Przenikalność początkowa 初磁導率Initial Permeability
0H0i H
Bµ1µ
0.1mT
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
µi initial permeability
µm maximal permeability
µa amplitude permeability
µdif or µrev reverse permeability
)1.0,25(
)1.0,25(
)1.0,25(
)( mTBkHzf
mTBkHzf
mTBkHzf
ACDCrevdif
ACa
ACi
iiii
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsDC-DC Application udiff or urev
HHrev
ACHB
µµ
0
1
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Reversible permeability at different operating points
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial Specification: Saturation Flux Density Bsat
The importance of Bmax is well emphasized and all ferrite vendors advertise their materials by this property along with the core loss density Pcv. But there is a catch: under what Hmax?
Only this portion of ferrite B-H is actually useful
This is the real usable Hmax range for soft ferrite and SMPS designer should be care about the Bmax available in the maximal applied H range
The proviso for Bsat= 530mT is H =1200A/m, this is the legal commercial employed by the industry. Useless in practical designs
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
B-H Curves from FXC, DMEGC, and TDG
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Only ferrite does the bluffing? NO!
Look at the siliconsteel sheet for power transformer
=79.58A/m
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
The effect of Hysteresis loop (Brms and Hc) can be illustrated by SPICE circuit simulation.
Using the built-in TX22_14_13_3E27 model (ui=6000)
* TX22_14_13_3E27 CORE model.MODEL TX22_14_13_3E27 CORE+ MS=377.56E3+ A=12.672+ C=.20161+ K=5.5151+ AREA=.507 (cm^2)+ PATH=5.4200 (cm)
Simulate an “ideal” inductor and the “real” inductor by 10 turns of winding with TX22_14_13_3E27
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
L 5
10
1
2R 5
1
8
V 3
F R E Q = 1 0 0 kV A M P L = 1 0V O F F = 0
7
0
K
COUPLING=
K 3
1TX2 2 _ 1 4 _ 1 3 _ 3 E 2 7
R 6
1
L 670 5 . 3 u H
1
2
V 4
F R E Q = 1 00 kV A M P L = 1 0V O F F = 0
9 10
0
Time
19.950ms 19.955ms 19.960ms 19.965ms 19.970ms 19.975ms 19.980ms 19.985ms 19.990ms 19.995ms 20.000msI(R5) I(R6)
-20mA
0A
20mA
Bmax31.13mT
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
L 5
10
1
2R 5
1
8
V 3
F R E Q = 1 0 0 kV A M P L = 1 0V O F F = 0
7
0
K
COUPLING=
K 3
1TX2 2 _ 1 4 _ 1 3 _ 3 E 2 7
R 6
1
L 670 5 . 3 u H
1
2
V 4
F R E Q = 1 00 kV A M P L = 1 0V O F F = 0
9 10
0
Frequency
0Hz 100KHz 200KHz 300KHz 400KHz 500KHz 600KHz 700KHz 800KHz 900KHz 1000KHzI(R5)
0A
10mA
20mA
I(R6)0A
10mA
20mA
SEL>>
Bmax31.13mT
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Bmax311.3mTL 5
1 0
1
2R 5
1
8
V 3
F R E Q = 1 0 0 kV A M P L = 1 0 0V O F F = 0
7
0
K
COUPLING=
K 3
1TX2 2 _ 1 4 _ 1 3 _ 3 E 2 7
R 6
1
L 67 0 5 . 3 u H
1
2
V 4
F R E Q = 1 0 0 kV A M P L = 1 0 0V O F F = 0
9 1 0
0
Time
19.950ms 19.955ms 19.960ms 19.965ms 19.970ms 19.975ms 19.980ms 19.985ms 19.990ms 19.995ms 20.000msI(R5) I(R6)
-200mA
0A
200mA
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Bmax311.3mTL 5
1 0
1
2R 5
1
8
V 3
F R E Q = 1 0 0 kV A M P L = 1 0 0V O F F = 0
7
0
K
COUPLING=
K 3
1TX2 2 _ 1 4 _ 1 3 _ 3 E 2 7
R 6
1
L 67 0 5 . 3 u H
1
2
V 4
F R E Q = 1 0 0 kV A M P L = 1 0 0V O F F = 0
9 1 0
0
Frequency
0Hz 100KHz 200KHz 300KHz 400KHz 500KHz 600KHz 700KHz 800KHz 900KHz 1000KHzI(R5)
0A
100mA
200mA
SEL>>
I(R6)0A
100mA
200mA
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
If the inductor or transformer design is not carefully engaged per the specified operation conditions. It might result in serious distortion and endanger the application or device.
Below is an extreme case.L1
5
1
2R 1
5 0
2
V 1
F R E Q = 1 0 0 kV A M P L = 1 0 0V O F F = 0
1
0
K
COUPLING=
K 1
0 . 9 9TX2 2 _ 1 4 _ 1 3 _ 3 E 2 7
L 35
1
2
R 350 0
3
Time
19.950ms 19.955ms 19.960ms 19.965ms 19.970ms 19.975ms 19.980ms 19.985ms 19.990ms 19.995ms 20.000msV(1) V(3)
-100V
-50V
0V
50V
100V
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Ferroxcube 3C95 Material SpecificationPv @100kHz/200mT/25 = ℃ 350mW/cm^3Pv @100kHz/200mT/100 =℃ 290mW/cm^3
Ferroxcube 3C95 Product SpecificationPQ26/25
Pv @100kHz/200mT/25 = 4.0W/6.530cm^3=℃ 613mW/cm^3Pv @100kHz/200mT/100 =3.8mW/6.530cm^3=℃ 582mW/cm^3
PQ35/41Pv @100kHz/200mT/25 = 11.5W/18.5cm^3=℃ 622mW/cm^3Pv @100kHz/200mT/100 =10.8W/18.5cm^3=℃ 584mW/cm^3
A good example of ferrite material commercial: Pv Issue
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Pv Issue
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Material Specification from TDK
Pv Issue
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
PQ32/25 Ve=12.44cm^3
30℃ Pv= ~ 580mW/cm^3
100 ℃ Pv= ~400mW/cm^3
80 ℃ Pv= ~335mW/cm^3Pv quality in pg. 34 & 35 is not practical in real life
Pv Issue
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsComparing Pg. 34 and 36 Pv Issue1. Pg. 34 is a “material” comparison, using ring core in small
sizes. (T25x15x10)
2. Pg. 36 is a “mass-production” comparison, using the real cores that would applied in real design scenario.
3. Keeping all conditions the same, (larger) product Pv will be always higher than material Pv for the reason of existing gap, no matter how smooth the contact surface is.
4. Material is defined to have Pv_min at 100℃ but in real mass production products, the Pv_min point will shift toward around 80 or 90 , ℃ ℃ which is inevitable by the trade off between quality and cost in real life.
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TDG TPW33 Pv = 469mW/cc @ 100 / 200mT/100kHz℃ DMEGC DMR95E Pv = 480mW/cc @ 100 / 200mT/100kHz℃
Competitors Benchmark Reference
PQ cores losses (kW/m^3)
25℃ 100℃ Note
DMR95E PQ26/20 447.81 551.53 5pcs from customer
TPW33 PQ26/20 548.06 574.24 5pcs from customer
3C95 PQ26/20 & 20/20 480.23 446.00 10pcs from FXC product batch
3C95 Material Pv spec 350 290 HB2009
3C95 smaller core Pv spec 590 560 HB2009
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
Critical in common mode choke design selection
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsMaterial goal higher µi with improved frequency stability
basically against physical principles
where:fg – gyromagnetic critical frequencyγ ~0.22 ΜΗz m/A is the gyromagnetic ratio for an electron
i.e. the ratio of magnetic moment and torqueBs – saturation flux densityμi,0– initial permeability * J. L. Snoek, Physica 14, 207, 1948
sig Bf 34)1( 0, Snoek Limit
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & Products
For CMC, it’s not always the higher ui the better
Note: great chance that A151 in mass production cannot sustain such high ui through all frequencies
Z (Ω)Hz A07H A151100k 1.648E+03 3.343E+03150k 2.568E+03 4.109E+03200k 3.517E+03 4.609E+03500k 9.086E+03 5.938E+031000k 1.486E+04 5.938E+03
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1. Specifications of Ferrites – Materials & ProductsCharacteristics of Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn Ferrite in the sense of ui vs. frequency
All governed by Snoek limit.
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
With the key specifications of Ferrites explained, the ACME product roadmap is more easier to understand and select the suitable one for the application.
The roll-out of all materials are based on the various real application needs (power, telecom, EMC, RF, etc.,) in
Loss level (in specific conditions) Frequency bandwidth Permeability Temperature and Temperature stability
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trendACME provides ferrite materials in all applications: MnZn Power
MnZn powermaterials
Low LossHigh Bs
High Freq. Temp. Tendency
P4
P41P42
P5P51
P52
P46
P47
25 ~100℃℃
25 ~120℃℃
700KHz
1MHz
250kW/m3
450kW/m3
350kW/m3420mT
P45
P48
P611~5MHz
460mT
Low ŋB
N4
N42
N43
N5
N51
DC-Bias
High Z
P49
P62
P491
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For MnZn ferrite in power applications, the key specifications are
Symbol UnitMeasuring Conditions Low Loss Material
Freq. Flux den. Temp. P4 P41 P42 P48(NEW)
Initial Permeability μi 10kHz 0.25mT 25°C 2500±
25%2400±25
%1800± 25%
2500± 25%
Amplitude Permeability
μa 25kHz 200mT 25°C > 4500 > 4500 > 5000 > 5000100°C > 4500 > 4500 > 5000 > 5000
Power Loss Pv KW/m3 100kHz 200mT 25°C 700 650 750 550100°C 450 350 350 250
300kHz 100mT 25°C 660 820 900 500100°C 430 500 500 300
500kHz 50mT 25°C 380 400 450 250100°C 330 300 300 200
Saturation Flux Density
Bms mT 10kHz H = 1200A/m
25°C 480 495 520 515100°C 380 395 420 410
Curie Temperature
Tc °C >220 >230 >240 >220
Resistivity ρ Ωm 5.50 4.00 8.00 5.00
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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Core loss is a function of temperature and it isa deep V shape for general power ferrites
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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Low Loss and High Saturation Flux Density Material Characteristics Symbol Unit Measuring Conditions Material
Freq. Flux den. Temp. P47 P45
Initial Permeability μi 10kHz < 0.25mT 25°C 3000± 25% 3100± 25%
Power Loss Pcv kW/m3 100kHz 200mT
25°C 400 365
60°C 290
80°C 270
100°C 350 260
120°C 310
140°C 380
Saturation Flux Density Bs mT 1kHz H = 1200A/m
25°C 520 530
100°C 420 405
Remanence Br mT 1kHz H = 1200A/m25°C 85 80
100°C 70 60
Coercivity Hc A/m 1kHz H = 1200A/m25°C 10 10
100°C 7 6
Curie Temperature Tc °C > 220 240
Special materials to have a flatter Pv vs. temperature curve
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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Power Loss VS. Temperature
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160Temperature(oC)
Pow
er L
oss(
kW/m
3 )
Test Core :T25×15×10
P47
P45
200mT,100KHz
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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Core loss performance of P45 (benching 3C97)Power Loss VS. Temperature
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160Temperature(oC)
Pow
er L
oss(
kW/m
3 )
Test Core :T25×15×10
100mT,300KHz
200mT,100KHz
50mT,500KHz
100mT,200KHz
P45
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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• Hysteretic Loop of P492. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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T25*15*101200A/m 10kHz,P-gain:10,N1=N2=20Ts
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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• New designs for high current power inductor may increase the operation frequency up to 1.5 ~ 3 MHz to reduce the core sizes.
• P61 CI type cores passed the final testing results from clients under 200mT/1~3MHz condition in mass production status now.
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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fswitch [Hz]duty-cycle Irip [A] mT (?) T [°C] #1 #2 #3 #4 #51.00E+06 5.00E-01 2.10E+00 100 25 215.07 202.98 216.44 206.52 206.801.00E+06 5.00E-01 4.11E+00 200 25 1,296.72 1,227.18 1,216.33 1,191.80 1,226.021.00E+06 5.00E-01 2.02E+00 100 100 231.57 216.40 224.81 231.71 226.951.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.95E+00 200 100 1,349.69 1,372.45 1,358.02 1,388.81 1,407.062.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.99E+00 100 25 921.31 924.93 872.21 864.00 871.182.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.94E+00 200 25 4,143.46 4,186.04 4,048.78 4,134.14 3,996.122.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.92E+00 100 100 1,099.52 1,058.99 1,089.94 1,047.91 1,084.282.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.70E+00 200 100 5,034.51 5,176.33 5,203.89 5,125.00 5,282.603.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.84E+00 100 25 2,270.11 2,208.32 2,196.73 2,202.43 2,235.133.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.55E+00 200 25 9,315.22 9,637.46 9,715.79 9,824.53 9,563.893.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.77E+00 100 100 2,597.86 2,609.84 2,668.96 2,616.68 2,692.543.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.10E+00 200 100 16,096.09 15,468.91 15,854.08 16,010.92 15,980.12
Pcv (mW/cm̂ 3)P61 High Frequency Low Loss Material
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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fswitch [Hz]duty-cycle Irip [A] mT (?) T [°C] #1 #2 #3 #4 #51.00E+06 5.00E-01 2.10E+00 100 25 7.52E-07 7.39E-07 7.44E-07 7.35E-07 7.35E-071.00E+06 5.00E-01 4.11E+00 200 25 7.68E-07 7.53E-07 7.56E-07 7.47E-07 7.49E-071.00E+06 5.00E-01 2.02E+00 100 100 7.76E-07 7.73E-07 7.81E-07 7.71E-07 7.75E-071.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.95E+00 200 100 7.92E-07 7.84E-07 7.92E-07 7.88E-07 7.86E-072.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.99E+00 100 25 7.67E-07 7.62E-07 7.66E-07 7.58E-07 7.51E-072.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.94E+00 200 25 7.60E-07 7.56E-07 7.60E-07 7.48E-07 7.46E-072.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.92E+00 100 100 7.96E-07 8.00E-07 8.01E-07 7.94E-07 7.96E-072.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.70E+00 200 100 8.00E-07 7.98E-07 8.03E-07 7.99E-07 8.01E-073.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.84E+00 100 25 7.84E-07 7.76E-07 7.85E-07 7.75E-07 7.71E-073.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.55E+00 200 25 8.02E-07 7.96E-07 8.03E-07 7.90E-07 7.88E-073.00E+06 5.00E-01 1.77E+00 100 100 8.04E-07 7.98E-07 8.00E-07 7.99E-07 7.98E-073.00E+06 5.00E-01 3.10E+00 200 100 8.19E-07 8.06E-07 8.21E-07 8.12E-07 8.06E-07
Inductance (H)
P61 High Frequency Low Loss Material
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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• P5 – 300KHz ~700KHz• P51 & P52 – 500KHz ~ 1MHz• P52 (high Bs & high freq ferrite)
– for high frequency high current power inductor
Symbol UnitMeasuring Conditions
P5 P51 P52Freq. Flux den. Temp.
Initial Permeability μi 10KHz <0.25mT 25oC 2000±25% 1500±25% 2000±25%
Core Loss Pv KW/m3
700kHz 50mT25oC 600 300 410
100oC 550 250 400
1MHz 50mT25oC 600 1000
100oC 600 1000
Saturation Flux Density Bs mT 10kHz H=1200A/m
25oC 470 490 500
100oC 350 400 400
Curie Temperature Tc oC ≥220 ≥250 ≥250
Density d g/cm3 4.70 4.85 4.85
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
ACME provides ferrite materials in all applications:MnZn High Perm
MnZn high perm and telecommaterials
High μiLow THD
Wide Freq.
Wide Temp.
A10
A121N07
A05
A07
A102
A043A061
N10 A151
A101
DC-Bias
w-T
A062A063
A13
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2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
ACME provides ferrite materials in all applications: NiZnEMI/EMC
• K05
• K07
• K08
• K10
• K15
• K20
Low loss
• K081
• K12
HighBs
• B25
• B30
• B40
• B45
• B60
• B90
Wide Temp
• F50
• F51
• F52
Low Permeability
• L1
• L2
• L3
• L4
• L5• L6
NFC/RFID Antenna
• H2
• H3
• H4
• H5
• H5M
• H5R
WPC
ACME Electronics Corporation65
NiZn ferrites’ specifications are made in the way like MnZn High Permeability Materials and their applications in EMC and Telecom have overlaps.
A quick comparison of MnZn and NiZn material
μi Bmax Bandwidth tanδ/μi (*) ρ
MnZn High Higher Low Higher Very lowNiZn Low Lower High Low Very high
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Symbol UnitHigh Permeability Materials
A05 A07 A10 A102 A121 A151Initial Permeability μi 5000±25% 7000±25% 10000±30% 10000±30% 12000±30% 15000±30%Realative Loss factor tan δ/μi 10-6
< 4 < 8 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10< 15 < 30 < 60 < 60 < 60 <110
Saturation Flux Density Bms mT
440 400 410 380 380 400300 200 210 180 180 170
RemanenceBrms
mT 80 150 140 95 130 220 90 110 110 75 110 100
Temperature Factor of Permeability αF 10-6/℃ 0~2 -1 ~ 1 0~1.5 -1 ~ 1 0~1.5 -1~1
0~2 -1 ~ 1 -0.5 ~ 1 -1 ~ 1 -0.5~1 -1~1
Hysteresis Material Constant ηB 10-6/mT
< 0.8 < 1.2< 0.5 < 1 < 0.5 < 0.5
Disaccommodation Factor
DF 10-6< 3 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2 < 2
Curie Temperature Tc ℃ 160 160 130 120 110 110
Resistivity ρ Ωm 0.20 0.35 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.10
Density d g/cm3 4.85 4.90 4.90 4.90 4.90 5.00
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Symbol Unit Telecom High Permeability MaterialsA043 A061 N07 N10
Initial Permeability μi 4500±25% 6000±25% 7000±25% 10000±30% >9000
Realative Loss factor tan δ/μi 10-6 < 10 < 10 < 5 < 10
< 10 < 30 < 30 < 90Saturation Flux Density Bms mT 460 460 400 380
300 320 220 160
Remanence Brms mT 65 100 70 16060 80 60 110
Temperature Factor of Permeability
αF 10-6/℃1 ~ 2 1 ~ 3 -1 ~ 1 -1 ~ 0
-1 ~ 1 -1 ~ 1 -1 ~ 1 -1 ~ 1
Hysteresis Material Constant ηB 10-6/mT < 0.5 < 0.5 <0.2 < 0.5
Disaccommodation Factor
DF 10-6 < 2 < 2 <2 < 2
Curie Temperature Tc ℃ 160 160 130 100
Resistivity ρ Ωm 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.12 Density d g/cm3 4.85 4.85 4.90 5.00
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A13 is the newest high perm material of ACME (Benching TDG TL13)
FEATURES• Improved ui-freq performance (150k~500kHz) for EMI conduction filtering performance.• 9000μi at the Frequency of 200KHz.
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A13 is the newest high perm material of ACME (Benching TDG TL13)
FEATURES• Improved ui-freq performance (150k~500kHz) for EMI conduction filtering performance.• 9000μi at the Frequency of 200KHz.
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APPLICATIONS‧Wideband transformer‧pulse transformer‧inductor ‧ filter‧T, EE, ET, etc.
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Critical in common mode choke design selection
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Note that the above tables provide a set of data on “fixed” conditions and all the specifications are highly variant under different conditions. Initial Permeability is a strong function of Temperature
TSMP TSMP
The higher the permeability, the lower the Curie Temperature Tc
Will this ui-temp can cause sever design and application issues? NO! especially true for power application. Only in some niche designs or extreme conditions
2. ACME ferrite road map and development trend
ACME Electronics Corporation 73
Almost temperature independent permeability can be obtained in NiZn by ACME
(ACME is capable of developing custom materials per specific requests)
In ferrite material specifications, everything is obtained by trade-off and compromising.
The trade-off of F50 and F51 is their low Tc, for NiZn,Tc usually > 200℃
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FEATURES• Stable permeability (500ui) at the temperature range of -40 ~ 120oC.• Its Curie temperature is more than 140oC.• Lower loss factor characteristics.APPLICATIONS• HF keyless entry antennas for automotive.
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N07: Wide temperature low THD material For low THD over wide temperature range (20~85 ) in ℃
outdoor environment; Mainly in EP core for xDSL modem transformer
N07 V.S. A101 EP13L @5kHz
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120Temperature(℃)
THD
(dB)
N07A101
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N07 and A101 are ideal for the transformers of xDSL modem. Their THD low characteristics are important to signal transfer for high speed network accessing.
Competitive materials TDK DN70 Material
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A043~4500μi & A061~6000μi: Dedicated Ethernet LAN pulse transformer materials
A043 for 100Base-T & 100/1000Base-T system and
A061 for 1Giga Base-T system Applicable temperature range -40~85℃ Excellent DC-Bias characteristics for Ethernet POE
requirement For tiny ring cores
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Initial Permeability V.S. Field Strength
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
Field Strength (Oe)
μ i25℃
-40℃
85℃
70℃
0℃
Test core :T3.05*1.5*2.06
Initial Permeability V.S. Field Strength
010002000300040005000600070008000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6Field Strength (Oe)
μi
Test core :T3.05*1.27*2
25℃
-40℃
70℃0℃
85℃
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Innovative LAN Pulse Transformers Material for High Speed Transmission
Pulse TransformerEx: High DC-Bias sustainability N2 、 A043 、 A061
Common Mode ChokeEx: NiZn Ferrite(K08)
Differential Mood ChokeEx: NiZn Ferrite(L1)
10-100 Base 1000 Base
A043 K08A061 K08 L1
Competitive materials Steward #56 Material
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N10: Telecom version of A10 Keep ui>9000 over wide temperature range (-
20~85 ), excellent for outdoor application℃ Applied in EE, EP,ring cores, …, for CMC, pulse
transformer, and EMI choke
Initial Permeability V.S. Frequency
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1 10 100 1000 10000
Frequency (KHz)
μ i
Test core :T13.4*6.7*5.6
Initial Permeability V.S. Temperature
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature(℃)Test core :T13.4*6.7*5.6
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Symbol UnitMeasuring Conditions
A062New
A063New
Freq. Flux den. Temp.
InitialPermeability μi 10KHz <0.25mT 25oC 6000±2
5%6000±25
%
Saturation Flux Density Bs mT 10kHz H=1200
A/m25oC 460 460100oC 300 280
CurieTemperature Tc oC ≥160 ≥150
Density d g/cm3 4.85 4.85
A062 and A063 are benching and surpassing EPCOS T65 and Ferronics M material, respectively.
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A062 High perm ferrite with high Bs Designed as ring core type for ballast driver and CMC
under high current
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A063 is developed under a request to replace Ferronics M material for POE and Telecom applications
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A063 is developed under a request to replace Ferronics M material for POE and Telecom applications
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Applied Frequency
N5 N51
1MHz 100MHz 1GHz
1000
10000
Higher frequency
Ferrite Roadmap for EMI-suppression
Ni-Zn:K08,K10, K15, K20
5000
10MHz
100
High Perm.:A151,A121,A102, A10, A07, A05
High pass bandInitial Permeability
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Initial Permeability
Applied Frequency
Telecom filters and chokes:N4, N43
10KHz 1MHz 10MHz
1000
10000
HF
Under Development
Ferrite Roadmap for Telecom
5000
100KHz
Ni-Zn,High Q filters and chokes:L1, L2, L3 L4 L5…
100
High Perm. For xDSL:A101
High Perm. For outdoor xDSL:N07
Wide temperature stability
Pulse X’fmer for LAN: A043, A061
High Bs for Telecom Wideband X’fmer: N42
Low THD Wide temperature range
High Bs
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