Post on 24-Jun-2018
Experience)Wood:))Empowered)to)Experiment)
Barbara%Bell%Innova,on%Support%Specialist%%David%Fell%Research%Leader%
“The%Wood%Products%Council”%is%a%Registered%Provider%with%The%American%Ins,tute%of%Architects%Con,nuing%Educa,on%Systems%(AIA/CES),%Provider%#G516.%%!Credit(s)%earned%on%comple,on%of%this%course%will%be%reported%to%AIA%CES%for%AIA%members.%Cer,ficates%of%Comple,on%for%both%AIA%members%and%nonRAIA%members%are%available%upon%request.%%%
This%course%is%registered%with%AIA%CES%for%con,nuing%professional%educa,on.%As%such,%it%does%not%include%content%that%may%be%deemed%or%construed%to%be%an%approval%or%endorsement%by%the%AIA%of%any%material%of%construc,on%or%any%method%or%manner%of%handling,%using,%distribu,ng,%or%dealing%in%any%material%or%product.%___________________________________________
Ques,ons%related%to%specific%materials,%methods,%and%services%will%be%addressed%at%the%conclusion%of%this%presenta,on.%%
%
Course)Descrip5on)
The%use%of%wood%as%a%finishing%material%creates%a%special%connec,on%between%the%building%and%its%occupants%due%to%its%biological%context%and%natural%variability.%The%visual,%auditory,%tac,le%and%olfactory%experiences%is%rooted%in%the%way%trees%grow.%Examining%the%“experience%of%wood”%from%a%scien,fic%perspec,ve,%this%session%will%provide%a%guide%to%the%use%of%woodRbased%finishes%on%aVributes%such%as%hardness,%reflectance%of%visual%surfaces,%grain%paVerns,%light%condi,oning,%acous,cs,%color,%humidity%control,%and%more.%AVendees%will%be%empowered%to%experiment%and%vary%the%use%of%wood%in%their%architectural%designs.%%
Learning)Objec5ves)
1.%Examine%the%connec,on%between%wood’s%anatomy%and%the%human%visual,%auditory,%tac,le%and%olfactory%experience%of%wood%applied%in%buildings.%
2.%Consider%how%lumber,%veneer%and%panel%grades%can%yield%very%different%visual%effects.%%3.%Apply%technical%informa,on%on%wood%species%to%the%finishing%strategies%of%building%projects.%
%%%4.%Discuss%case%study%examples%where%the%knowledge%of%wood%anatomy%has%translated%into%notable%building%design.%%%
Inspira5on)–)History)
380,000BC%
Oldest%Wood%Tool%
Oldest%Wood%Architecture%
Oldest%Wood%Wheel%
3000%BC%
5000%BC%
Credit:%%Clark,%C.% Credit:%Tagel,%W.%et%al.% Credit:%City%Museum%Ljubljana%
Oldest%Wood%Boat%
3000%BC%
Credit:%Kairoinfo4u%
Wood%is%a%preferred%visual%material%both%cogni,vely%and%psychophysiologically.%%%Japanese%study%(Tsunetsuga%et%al.%2007)%
• Subjects%preferred%45%%room%• Blood%pressure%and%heart%rate%lowest%in%90%%
room%%Austrian%Classroom%Study%(Keltz%et%al.,%2011)%
• Over%the%course%of%a%year%students%with%wood%furniture%has%greater%stress%lowering%response%than%students%with%nonRwood%desks%
Inspira5on)–)Visual)
Inspira5on)–)Visual)wood)) ) ) ) ) )reduces)stress)
Test (15 min.) Baseline (10 min.) Recovery (10 min.)
Stress activation (SCL) Stress responses per minute (SCR)
Acute stress Apprehension stress Recovery
Wood%tac,le%response%produced%no%increase%in%systolic%blood%pressure%%Acrylic%surface%%
• Raised%BP%when%room%cold%
Aluminum%• Raised%BP%at%room%temperature%and%when%cold%
Inspira5on)–)Tac5le)
%ShinrinRyoku%%R%Forest%Bathing%Japan,%Korea,%California%%
Inspira5on)–)Olfactory)
–%%alphaRpinene%(bronchodialator,%an,Rinflamatory,%an,bio,c,%memory,%aVen,on%deficit%disorder)%%
Inspira5on)–)Auditory)%Sound%Reflec,on%–%auditoriums,%conference%halls%%
Material) NRC)
Steel% .00R.10%
Concrete% .00R.05%
Gypsum% .05%
Wood% .05R1.5%
Plywood% .10R1.5%
Cork% .10R1.5%
%%Stress%reduc,on%found:%
• Office%study%(Canada)%• Home%studies%(Japan)%• School%study%(Austria)%
%%
%%%%
Inspira5on)J)Health)
%%Moisture%buffering%• Used%extensively%in%interiors,%wood%acts%as%a%passive%
humidifier/air%condi,oner%and%can%cut%down%on%ven,la,on%costs%
• Reduc,on%of%peak%moisture%loads%by%10R25%%• End%grain,%permeable%finishes%• CLT%%%%%
Inspira5on)J)Health)
%Shock%Absorp,on%%
• Reduces%body%fa,gue%by%dissipa,ng%force%
• Floors%can%be%‘sprung’%for%added%flexibility%
%%%%
Inspira5on)J)Health)
%
Veneer%• More%stable%than%solid%wood%for%large%flat%areas,%more%economical,%uses%fine%woods%more%judiciously%
• Cannot%be%refinished%• Rotary%or%sliced%makes%for%different%grain%paVerns%
Flat sliced Quarter sliced
Rotary Cut
Understanding)
Understanding)–)Color)in)Wood) 0 +100
Wes
tern
larc
h
red
alde
r
Asp
en
Dou
glas
fir
broa
dlea
f map
le
red
oak
Wes
tern
hem
lock
W
hite
birc
h
amab
ilis
fir
lodg
epol
e pi
ne
tam
arac
k
suba
lpin
e fir
suga
r map
le
Mean = 67.3 Range=26.7 Low= 57.0 High=83.7
Whi
te b
irch
-100 +100 0
Mean = 11.6 Range=16.4 Low= 2.9 High= 19.3
Asp
en
red
alde
r
Doug
las
fir
broa
dlea
f map
le
red
oak
Wes
tern
hem
lock
amab
ilis fi
r
lodg
epol
e pi
ne
tam
arac
k
suba
lpin
e fir
suga
r map
le
Wes
tern
larc
h
%
Hardness:%%Janka%test%(N)%%
Understanding)J)Hardness)
Species) Janka)Ra5ng)
Sugar%maple% 6400%
White%oak% 6000%
Black%walnut% 4500%
Red%Alder% 2490%
White%pine% 1700%
%
• Shrinkage%along%the%radial%and%tangen,al%axis%should%be%accommodated%while%longitudinal%movement%is%negligible%
• Tangen,al%shrinkage%is%always%greater%than%radial%• The%lower%the%ra,o%the%beVer%
Understanding)–)Moisture)Rela5ons)
Understanding)–)Moisture)Rela5ons)
Species) Tangen5al)%) Radial)%) Volumetric)%)
Red%Alder% 7.3% 4.4% 12.6%
Western%Red%cedar%
5.0% 2.4% 6.8%
White%oak% 10.5% 5.6% 16.3%
%
• Hardness%! Flooring,%stairs,%mouldings%and%millwork%! Janka%ra,ngs%for%species%choice%! Edge%grain%over%flat%grain%for%flooring%
Applica5on)J)Durability)by)Nature))
%• Finish%Selec,on%
! Wear%resistance%! Chemical%resistance%! Hardening%! Reparability%! Adhesion%! UV%resistance%%
Applica5on)–)Durability)by)Treatment)
%• Impregnated%Wood%
! Improving%hardness%! Acrylic%resin%! Agricultural%protein%(corn%or%soy)%
Paint Body
Applica5on)J)Durability)by)Treatment)
• Thermally%Modified%Wood%• Baked%at%160˚R245˚%• Stable,%brown%in%colour,%
decay%resistance%comparable%to%western%red%cedar%
%
%
• Design%for%Movement%
! Allow%for%movement%! Disguise%the%effects%of%movement%! Use%Wood%Strategically%
Applica5on)–)Durability)by)Design)
%%
• Design%for%Wear%
! Chair%rails%and%wainsco,ng%! Rounded%edges%and%corners%! Landing%in%entrance%! Baseboard%details%! Use%paVern%and%texture%to%‘hide’%wear%and%tear%
Applica5on)Durability)by)Design)
%%
• Design%to%Disguise%Wear%
! Use%paVern%and%texture%to%‘hide’%wear%and%tear%
Applica5on)–)Durability)by)Design)
%%
• Design%to%Disguise%Wear%
Applica5on)–)Durability)by)Design)
Alain%Wong,%Comodo%Design%office,%Hong%Kong.%%
%
• Design%for%Avoiding%Wear%
! Ceilings%– Tray%ceilings,%coffers,%hung%systems,%slats%
! Walls%– Paneling,%wainsco,ng,%chair%rails,%crown%moldings,%beams%
– Add%acous,cs%and%humidity%control%
! Window%Treatments%– Wood%blinds,%shuVers%– Casts%amber%glow,%UV%absorp,ve%
! Ligh,ng%
Applica5on)Durability)by)Design)
Durability)by)design)%
• Design%for%Avoiding%Wear%
Applica5on)Durability)by)Design)
Assemble%Studio,%Melbourne.%Joachim%Holland%Designer.%
Durability)by)design)
Photo: UBC Life Sciences
Photo: UBC Computer Engineering
%
• Design%for%Avoiding%Wear%
Applica5on)Durability)by)Design)
%Design%for%Cleanability%
• Gloss%finish%• Avoid%voids%• Avoid%flat%surfaces%where%water%can%pool%
Paint Body
Applica5on)–)Durability)by)Design)
%Vancouver%Trade%and%Conven,on%Centre,%Vancouver%BC.%Designed%by%LMN%Architects,%fabricated%by%Island%Precision%Millwork,%2009.%
Applica5on)–)Case)Studies)
%%
Xthum%Kwantlen,%Kwantlen%Polytechnic%University,%Surrey%BC.%Design%by%Public%Design,%fabricated%by%Pacific%Woodworking,%2008.%
Applica5on)–)Case)Studies)
%%
Obakki%Store%PointRofRPurchase%Counter,%designed%by%Brent%Comber%and%Mcfarlane,%Green%and%Biggar%Architects,%2009.%%
Applica5on)–)Case)Studies)
Ques5ons?)This%concludes%The%American%Ins,tute%of%Architects%Con,nuing%Educa,on%Systems%Course%
Barbara)Bell)FPInnova,ons%barbara.bell@fpinnova,ons.ca%
This%presenta,on%was%developed%by%a%third%party%and%is%not%funded%by%WoodWorks%or%the%so8wood%lumber%check;off.%
David)Fell)FPInnova,ons%david.fell@fpinnova,ons.ca%