William Ofori Appaw

Mycotoxin and Food Analysis Laboratories

Department of Food Science and Technology

KNUST. Kumasi, Ghana

woappaw.cos@knust.edu.gh

Feed the Future Innovation Lab

for Collaborative Research on

Peanut Productivity and Mycotoxin

Control

GHANA PMIL VALUE CHAIN

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Overview of Peanut and Mycotoxin Innovation Laboratory

Peanut and Mycotoxin Innovation Laboratory

– Research Target Areas

– Research Portfolios

– Ghana Peanut Value Chain

Available Technologies

Links for additional information

OUTLINE

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Feed the Future

Role of government

Dual focus on poverty reduction

and improving nutrition

Staples-led economic growth

Dietary diversification:

legumes, animal source foods

S&T for development

Photo: Borlaug Foundation

Overarching Goal: Sustainable Intensification

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovative Lab (PMIL)

WHO ARE WE?

a unique network of U.S. colleges & universities and partner country (Africa &

North America) research and educational institutions

based in University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia

(administration office)

OUR MANDATE

increase productivity and profitability of peanut

production

improve nutrition and food safety

mitigate the impacts of contamination of peanuts

and other crops by mycotoxins.

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Why Peanuts? Global importance (39 million tons, 95% in

developing countries)

Highly nutritious (protein, fiber, unsaturated fats, RUTF/RUSF)

Valuable as a legume in cereal systems (fixes nitrogen)

Often a women’s sustenance (and cash) crop

Priority value chains in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Why Mycotoxin? Contaminate numerous crops, and livestock products

Reduce quality and marketability

Carcinogenic with serious health effects

Linked with childhood stunting

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Peanut value chains in 5 countries

USA

Haiti

Ghana

Malawi

Mozambique

Zambia

Mycotoxin mitigation across crops

PMIL’s Focus Countries

Supporting Research Activities:

Mali

Senegal

Ethiopia

Kenya

Uganda

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

PMIL Research Targets PRODUCERS BUYERS

Cost-Effective

Mycotoxin Detection

Contaminated Material Uses

Small-Scale Mechaniza-

tion

Improved Varieties & Agronomy

Effective Drying

Options

Effective Storage Options

Storage

Harvesting

Drying Shelling

Quality Checks

OVERALL QUALITY CHECK/ASSURANCE

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

PMIL Research Portfolio

Improved peanut varieties

Mycotoxin management

Seed production

Post-harvest handling & processing

Market opportunities

•Breeding

•Genomics

•RNAi

•Aflagoggles

•Blood samples

•Detection options

Sampling strategies

•Haiti Value Chain

•Ghana Value Chain •Post-harvest intervention study

•Malawi/Mozambique/Zambia

Value Chain

•Pre-harvest economics

•Prenatal nutrition study

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Ghana Value Chain Objectives

• Village value chain (field, drying, storage, sales*)

• Variety development and evaluations

• Post Harvest and Processing

• Socioeconomic survey*

• Farmer Field Schools and education programs

• Graduate student programs

• Discipline studies supporting graduate programs

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Village Value Chain Identify critical points and

develop adoptable interventions along the value chain

– Good Agriculture Practices • Application of oyster shells

• Application of local high potash based soap for management of aphis (a vector for rosette virus)

• Weed management

– Drying options (tarpaulin, improved solar driers etc)

– Storage options (hermatic bags etc)

Involve national programs/institutes to build local capacity, including training

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Field Production

Samples to KNUST

Drying

Storage

Selection of 2 villages ≈10 farmers per village

(Both Major and Minor seasons)

Farmer Practice

Weeding once

Best Management Practice

-Alata soap - Application of oyster shells - Weeding twice

Tarp Bare ground Bare ground Tarp

Poly sack on cement floor

Poly sack on cement floor

Poly sack on cement floor

Hermetic

bag on pallet

Hermetic

bag on pallet

Hermetic

bag on pallet

Poly sack on cement floor

Hermetic

bag on pallet

Samples to KNUST

Samples to KNUST

Fig 1. Workflow for Ghana Village Value Chain

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Preliminary Aflatoxin Analyses

Practice

Field (Harvesting Stage)

Drying Stage* (Ground vs Tarpaulin)

Storage Stage+

(Poly Sag vs Hermatic Bag)

Aflatoxin Level

Aflatoxin Level

% Reduction

Aflatoxin Level %

Reduction

Farmer** ND

4.68 – 51.90 (38.24) 50 - 97

(85)

6.62 – 438.79 (133.22) 86 - 99

(95) Improved** ND

1.49 – 21.21 (5.94)

0.88 – 31.36 (10.89)

Table 1. Effect of interventions on Aflatoxin Levels (ppb)

Aflatoxin Analysis done using HPLC based on AOAC Official Methods ND = Not Detected *Solar dried to reach average moisture content of 6.25% +Storage ≈ 9 months at ambient temperature ** pooled data for Drobonso Village, Ashanti Region, Ghana, 2014/2015 Major Season. Values are min – max (average) Peanut Variety: Konkoma/Chinese

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

• Development and evaluation of improved cultivars across regions – Aflatoxin Resistance, Drought

resistance etc Germplasms (ICRASAT, CSIR-CRI, CSIR-SARI)

• Evaluation of inputs and biotic/abiotic stress on aflatoxin control

• Transfer of technology and knowledge across regions

Variety Development and Evaluation

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Table 2. Evaluation of new germplasms from ICRISAT and CSIR-CRI, Ghana+

+ on-station trail at CSIR-CRI, Kwadaso *pooled from 14 germplasm lines **pooled from 6 germplasm lines

Source Incidence of Rosette Aflatoxin Level (ppb)

ICRISAT* < 50% (n=8) 0.17 - 1.48

> 50% (n=6) 1.97 - 3.57

CSIR-CRI** < 20% (n=6) 0.31 - 1.11

P>F (source of germplasm) <0.0001

Table 3. Effect of Drying Techniques on Aflatoxin

*pooled from 3 different new germplasms planted at on-station trail at CSIR-CRI (on station side at Kwadaso) after 4 weeks at 8.23% moisture content

Preliminary Aflatoxin Analyses

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Processing • Development and evaluation of

drying, sorting, and storage

practices/technologies for aflatoxin

management

• Identification of best practices

(GMP, GHP, HACCP plans)

appropriate for SMEs, especially

aflatoxin sampling and mitigation

• Aflatoxin contaminated waste

stream management and alternative

uses

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

Capacity Building

National programs/institutes to

build local capacity, including

training

Farmer Field Schools and

education programs

Multi-disciplinary Graduate

student programs

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

• Improved varieties (drought tolerant, disease resistant, higher yield)

• Agronomy practices (knowledge, manuals)

• Post-harvest technology (drying, storage, mechanization options)

• Processing technology (shellers)

• Market options (local, RUTF, export)

• Detection systems (ELISA, HPLC, test strips)

• Knowledge (peanuts, mycotoxins)

Available technologies

Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)

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pmil.caes.uga.edu

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Peanut & Mycotoxin Innovation Lab (pmil.caes.uga.edu)