MORBILITYDENGUE CASES

PHILIPPINES

FAMIPOP A51

ALTERNATIVE NAMES

Hemorrhagic dengue

Dengue shock syndrome

Philippine hemorrhagic fever

Thai hemorrhagic fever

Singapore hemorrhagic fever

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

acute infectious viral disease affecting infants and young children

called break-bone fever- severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking

deadly infection spread by certain species of mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)

Philippine Hemorrhagic Fever was first reported in 1953.

OCCURENCE Dengue occurrence is sporadic throughout the year. Epidemic usually occurs during the rainy seasons

June – November. Peak months are September and October. DHF are observed most exclusively among children of

the indigenous population under 15 years of age. Occurrence is greatest in the areas of high Aedis

Aegypti prevalence.

SYMPTOMS OF DENGUE FEVER

How Aedes Mosquitos Transmit Diseases

DENGUE FEVER CATEGORIES

Severe, frank type – with flushing, sudden high fever, severe hemorrhage, followed by sudden drop of temperature, shock and terminating in recovery or death.

Moderate – with high fever, but less hemorrhage, no shock

Mild – with slight fever, with or without petechial hemorrhage but epidemiologically related to typical cases usually discovered in the course of investigation of typical cases.

EPIDEMIOLOGY Globally, there are an estimated 50 to 100 million cases of dengue

fever (DF) and several hundred thousand cases of dengue hemorrhagic

fever (DHF) per year.

2.5 billion people are at risk world-wide

In the last 20 years, dengue transmission and the frequency of dengue

epidemics has increased greatly in most tropical countries

It is a resurgent (re-emergent) disease worldwide in the tropics

SUSCEPTIBILITY, RESISTANCE AND OCCURRENCE

Bothe sexes are equally affected. Age groups predominantly affected are the preschool age and school age. Adults and infants are not exempted. Peak age affected 5-9 years.

Occurrence is sporadic through out the year. Epidemic usually occur during the rainy seasons June – November. Peak months are September and October.

Occurs wherever vector mosquito exists. Susceptibility is universal. Acquired immunity may be temporary but usually permanent.

Factors contribute to the emergence and re-emergence of arthropod-borne diseases

Major global demographic changes (urbanization and

population growth)

These demographic changes have resulted in sub-standard

environmental sanitation that facilitates transmission of Ae.

aegypti-borne disease; (Overcrowding in cities with poor

sanitation)

Increased travel by airplane resulting in a frequent exchange

of dengue viruses and other pathogens.

Inadequate mosquito control services; the use of insecticide

space sprays for adult mosquito proved ineffective approach

for controlling Ae. aegypti. (Domestic habitat)

The emergence of resistance to insecticides linked to their

increased misuse.

INCREASED PROBABILITY OF DHF

TRENDS DENGUE CASESHighest: Year 1998- 38, 135 cases 1998, 2006, 2007 Lowest: Year 1994- 5,166 cases1993,1994, 2000

DENGUE DEATHSHighest- Year 1998- 510 casesLowest- Year 2000- 90 cases

REASONSIn 1998, epidemics began to appear in March in Aurora province in southern Luzon and in June in lloilo province in the western Visayas

The 1998 dengue outbreak was also triggered by El Niño

The sudden increases in the incidence of dengue in 1993, 1998 and 2001 were expected because of the cyclical nature of the disease --- the reason why dengue remains a threat to public health despite low incidences reported in recent years

Mosquito vector control is the main strategy recommended by the DOH for the prevention of dengue.

2011 OUTBREAK?

DENGUE has been grabbing headlines again in various local papers and in publications in Asia about the possibility of another outbreak in the Philippines next year, worst than the one we had in 1998, where there were more than 38,000 cases.

According to experts, a 2011 outbreak in the Philippines can happen because of the El Nino phenomenon, which triggered the one in 1998.