EXTREME OCULARITYPAR

FACADES + INNOVATION CONFERENCEOCTOBER 11, 2012

JENNIFER MARMON AIA, NCARB, LEED AP RUSSELL FORTMEYER LEED AP

PAR Architect

FACADE DESIGN & ENGINEERING TEAM

Engineers

Structural EngineeringFacade EngineeringEnvironmental Consulting

Project

Type CivicStatus Competition 2012, In ProcedureArea 14,000 M2Budget 85 M USDFloors 5

PAR Platform for Architecture + Research is an offi ce interested in architectural possibilities.

Setup as a platform for exchange within a global context, a team of 10 architects and designerstranslates an ongoing effort of spatial research into building form.

A global, integrated, multidisciplinary fi rm of professionals working together to tackle complex building, design, and systems issues.

10,000 engineers, designers, planners, management consultants and exonomists working in buildings, infrastructure, and consulting

90 networked offi ces in 38 countries

Helsinki

KILPAILUALUE

SITE AREA

5

Mikael Agricolan Kirkko30 m

6 Pyhän Johanneksen Kirkko 74m

Helsinki

March 21st, 08:00

March 21st, 10:00

March 21st, 12:00

1 Helsingin Tuomiokirkko 123m

5 Klippan Islanti Itämeri

6 Pyhän Johanneksen Kirkko 74m

3 Finlandia-talo 14m

3 Finlandia-talo 14m

5 Klippan Islanti Itämeri

4 Kansallinen Museo 58m

Helsinki Music Center

Kiasma Museum of Contemporary Art

Itämeri

Site Conditions

Performative Morphology

Maximum Occupation Stacked Strips Landmark Axies

Superimposition Views to BayIncreased Solar Access

Finlandia HallTasolla Kaksi Suunnitelma | Level 2 Plan 0 5 20

St. John’s CathedralTaso Neljä Suunnitelmaa | Level 4 Plan 0 5 20

Poikkileikkaus A | Transverse Section A

0 5 20

Poikkileikkaus B | Transverse Section B Poikkileikkaus C | Transverse Section C

Pitkittäisleikkaus Osa | Longitudinal Section 1

Pohjoiseen Korkeus | South Elevation

0 5 20Pitkittäisleikkaus Osa | East Elevation

Länsi Korkeus | West Elevation

Pohjoiseen Korkeus | North Elevation

0 5 20

0 5 20

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Pantheon | Apollodorus of Damascus

Rome | June 21st - NoonImage: PAR

Rome | December 21st - NoonImage: PAR

Rome | December 21st - NoonImage: PAR

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Sendai Mediatheque | Toyo Ito

IVisualization: Labtop Images: Toyo Ito Architects

Image: PAR

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Burton Barr Central Library | Will Bruder+Partners

Visualization: Labtop

Visualization: Labtop

Image: Will Bruder+Partners

Oculus FacadeImage: PAR

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Seattle Public Library | OMA

Visualization: Labtop

Image: Arup

Visualization: Labtop

Image: OMA

Image: Arup

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Arab World Institute | Jean Nouvel Architects

Images: Jean Nouvel Architects

Helsinki Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki RomeImages: ARUP

Helsinki Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki Rome

Images: ARUP

Helsinki Conclusions

Heating dominated climate

Need to increase daylight in winter, but mindful of glare

Solar gain is helpful for all but a few months

Peak summer sun control

Natural Ventilation opportunity in May-September

Facade must prevent heat loss, amplify and modulate dualight, prevent glare, and enable natural ventilation

Rome Conclusions

Cooling dominated climate

Ample daylight year round, glare a concern

Minimize solar gain in warm months (solar control, more solar control...)

Opportunities for natural ventilation in shoul-der season, but daily peaks exceed comfort in summer

Images: ARUP

Helsinki RomeImages: ARUP

Rotation of Oculus

90 °

Helsinki | December 21st - Noon

Helsinki | June 21st - Noon Images: ARUP

0 5 20

Pantheon | Interior Elevation

Pantheon | West Elevation Länsi Korkeus | West Elevation

Pitkittäisleikkaus Osa | Longitudinal Section 1

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Pantheon | Rome, Italy

Image: ARUP

Sun Diagram Looking Straight Up

Sun Diagram Forms OculusImage: ARUP

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Smithsonian Institution | Foster + Partners

Image: Foster + Partners

Comparison | Extreme Ocularity Pantheon | Apollodorus of Damascus

Visualization: Labtop

Visualization: Labtop

Environmental AnalysisSubtractions within the roofl ine increased solar access for upper fl oor areas

while the volumetry along the west orients surfaces to capture daylight.

Solar AccessThe library’s outer contours were designed to scoop light from Helsinki’s

low sun angles during the winter along a 35° rotation against the N-S-axis.

Image: PAR

Roof Unit Type2 + 3

West FacadeUnit 1

South FacadeUnit 1

East FacadeUnit 1

North FacadeUnit 4

Sectional Model 1:100Image: PAR

Diffused Daylight

Winter

Solar AccessThe building’s outer contours were designed to scoop light from Helsinki’s low sun angles during the winter along a 35° rotation against the N-S-axis.

Image: PAR

Macro Airflow

Cross Ventilation

Exhaust

Displacement Ventilation

Ventilation Heat Recovery

VentilationTo best ventilate the structure, the facade will be closed in the winter

and opened in the summer to bring fresh air into the space.

Performance ParametersTaking a holistic approach, we propose a framework of performative design

criteria based on program and environmental parameters.

Image: PAR

Pre-Panelized Elevation Study Concave Paneled Elevation Study

Concave Solar CollectorsConcave panel profi les could magnify light and heat, focusing

it into the building and reducing energy demand.

Image: PAR

Visualization: Labtop

Facade DetailVisualization: Labtop

Picture WindowsAnthropometrically scaled 2m high windows act as

frames, offering unparalleled views of the city.

Image: PAR

Transition Panel - 25% Open Transition Panel - 75% Open View Corridor - 90% Open

Diffused Light Desired - 50% Open

Minimal Light Desired - 10% Open

Aperature Distribution

Image: PAR

High performance glazingto reduce western facade

solar heat gain.

Prevailing winds naturally assist in exhausting

hot air from the cavity

Raised access floor withunderfloor dispacementventilation.

Open vents in summerto exhaust cavity

High - Level Automaticvents to exhaust airthrough cavity.

Swirl diffusers for raisedfloor venitlation cooling.

COOLING MODE

Perimeter throughs within the raised floor will conceal linear hydronic radiators to provide perimeter heating

Heat is radiated through a raised floor displacement ventilation system

The facade will be closedin the winter, and

the double skin will provide a thermal buffer to help

retain heat within the building

Snow melted by heated gutter system

Closed vents retainheat in winter

Heat recovery at air handling units at top of cores and roof.

Swirl diffusers for underfloor displacement heating.

HEATING MODE

FACADE UNIT TYPE 1WEST ELEVATIONOculus Aperature Varies

FACADE UNIT TYPE 2ROOFOculus Aperature Varies

THANK YOU

Visualization: Labtop