Expert Mission

Resource Efficiency of Construction and Concrete Materials

Technion, Haifa, Israel

16-18/07/2018

Dr. Marta Sanchez de Juan – CEDEX research center, Madrid, Spain

Francesco Loro - Environmental Protection Agency of Veneto, Italy

…and as life itself, the ash continues flowing, even while constrained, keep presenting opportunities and challenges

upon us, for better or for worse.

Omri Lulav, Managing Director of the National Coal Ash Board (NCAB)

גם אם , ממשיך לזרום, כחיים עצמם, כי האפר, נציין כמנהגנו תמיד... לעיתים לטובה , ולהעמיד בפנינו אתגרים והזדמנויות, בהיקף מופחת

.ולעיתים לקושי

עמרי לולב

1940-2018

Trends of Aggregates Production

Michael Danon, Ph.D

Mining HSE & Resource Efficiency

Natural Resources Administration

michaeld@energy.gov.il

https://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/Israel- 2018-DCEO-cimonoce-yevrus-fdp.weivrevo

Ministry of Environmental Protection:

• Set target for recycling to 80%

• Estimetes that annually approximately 1MT of construction waste could be disposed Illegaly

• Emends the ‘clean-law’- so local municipalities would be accountable for treatment of construction waste in their jurisdiction

• Do not provide regulatory framework for source separtion of elements from the construction waste (glass, gypsum, organics)

Recycling construction waste in quarries

Ministry of Environment:

Extended producer responsibilities,

Amendment of the Mining Act- Article 112

2011-2018?

Land Administration:

Construction waste

Hardened concrete waste

Excavation waste

Urban Renovation Many cities implement the ‘National plan 38’ for reinforcing buildings to stand an earthquake. demolishing and building waste are generated in large scales. However, this is usually being done with only partial separation of building elements on site.

On average for all products, quarries increase aggregates rate of production by 2.3% in the last decade

Mining and Quarrying in IsraelThere are 65-70 annually active sites. About half of these sites produce crushed rock for construction.

Ton

SafedNahariya

HaifaTiberius

Karmiel

?

?

?

??

?

?X

X

X

X

?

X

National plan 14b: • materials for construction

and roads industry (2040)• industrial materials (2045)

Limestone and dolomite for crushed aggregates

Basalt

Limestone for cement

Clay for cement

Tufa

Other limestone

Gypsum for cement

Limestone for mortar and powders

According to recent projections, we may need 38% more aggregates than assumed back at 2008 when planning has began

Forecast for construction materialsYears 2008-2040

Total building – accumulated area

(million square meters) Demand for materials

(million tons)

Coarse aggregates

Fine aggregates

Cement

Other materials

(lime, dimension stone)

plan 14b UpdateCumulative Increase

National plan 14b: • materials for construction

and roads industry (2040)• industrial materials (2045)

Short falling by 2025 up to 87MT

14b

new

Summery of the problem• We make great efforts ensuring adequate aggregates reserves for the

future. This was the aim of the national plan of mining (TAMA14b).

• However, extreme competition for land use is a major obstacle that we couldn’t solve.

• NIMBYism is a major threat for mining and quarrying plans in most parts of the country.

• Geographic distribution of the aggregates sources isn’t corresponding to high demand zones. It is safe to assume that in general the sources for aggregates would be more distant in future.

Better mineral efficiency is desirable

• All of the previous points (reserves, land use competition, NIMBY, transportation) are good motivations to increase quarry efficiency and utilization of byproducts.

• Utilization of lower quality aggregates seems to be a key approach to reduce reliance on longer transportation of aggregates in the future.

• We aim to introduce more flexibility in use of various aggregates quality range.

• Investments in technology to obtain efficiency and utilization of low grade resources are expected to be offset by shorter transport costs.

Other measures to ensure aggregate reserves

Decrease our consumption Better planning

Better technology

Expand our resources Optimize production methods

Use wastes and byproducts

Prior use of land designated to development

Dig deeper…

Reduce demand Increase supply

byproduct grout aggregate

15-25%

0-10%

75-85%

manufactured sand Coarse aggregate

10-15%

Hard rock quarries- source of coarse and fine primary aggregates

2%

18%

80%

other

sand for mortar

sand for concrete

Fine sand 0-5%

Flint pebbles 20-40%

Sand pits- source of fine (and coarse?) primary aggregates

Deeper quarries

Dee

per

qu

arri

es

trend 1

Rotem

Transport by rail and road

Transport by road

New source for natural fine aggregates- the Rotem sand pits

Arad

trend 2

X

X

X

Total Clayish sand Marl Sand

Total

Estimeted sand resources

Proven sand resurves

Overburden

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Mill

ion

s To

ns SAND MINING 2001-2016

Utilization of Coal AshManufactured sand- quarry fines

Alternatives of natural sand for concrete

trend 3

‘multi-layer’ mining

‘Fire clay’ under sand Sand under ‘common clay’

trend 4

Mining land prior to development

trend 5

Sand extraction: PV- Dimona

Common clay extraction: Kiryat-Gat

Excavation waste (national plan 14d)

trend 6

Fill m3 152,100

Dig m3 1,026,300

Underground Mining for Aggregates• For economic feasibility it is

important to find suitable site in close proximity to demand zone to offset the higher production costs.

• For geological and engineering feasibility the recruitments are: • Thick layer of useful rock

• Accessibility, terminal location.

• Safety, rock fractures and strengthHigh Rock Quality Designation (RQD) is desirable to increase safety and decrease costs of support.

trend 7

Quarry

Original

topography

Quarry

final

elevation

Integrated

plan for

surface

elevation

Integrated Planning of Large Housing Projects withQuarry Land Reclamation

trend 8

Thanks