Post on 04-Jan-2016
Executive ProcessingLearning
Let’s take it apart and see what its all about!
Executive ProcessingInformation is processed
Information comes in
Information Processing Model
Information goes out
What happens during learning?
Foundation
Executive ProcessingAssociationReception
Information Processing Model
Expression
Names of stages or processes that take place
Foundation
Executive Processing
AssociationReception
Information Processing Model
Expression
DecodingInput
ExpressionEncodingOutput
AnalysisCognitionProcessing
Other terms that refer to the basic sequence
Foundation
Executive Processing
Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Written
Types of Reception
Types of Expression
Introducing channels Through which information
flows
Foundation
Spoken
Executive Processing
Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Written
General Factors AffectingReception
Types of Expression
Introducing channels Through which information
flows
Foundation
Spoken
Clarity of material (speak clearly, readable handouts, contrast, colors)
Speed of presentation (speed of speech, video material, progressing through material)
Organization of material (“laddering,” sequence, consistency)
Absence of internal or external distraction (internal = anxiety, lack of sleep) (external = temperature, environmental noise)
Using Processes and Using Processes and Channels to Describe Channels to Describe Learning DifficultiesLearning Difficulties
Auditory receptive difficulty
Motor expressive difficulty
Verbal Expressive difficulty
Visual perceptual difficulty
Auditory discrimination difficulty
Visual acuity difficulty
Receptive and expressive language disorder
You can begin to see a link between information processing and educational diagnosis?You can begin to see a link between information processing and educational diagnosis?
Terminology 1.1Terminology 1.1
DecodingReceptiveAssociativeTactileKinestheticVerbal channelExpressionChannelProcessEncodingPsycholinguisticCognitiveAnalysis
Adding Three Critical Adding Three Critical Overarching Cognitive Overarching Cognitive Functions to the Basic Functions to the Basic Information Processing Information Processing
ModelModel
Executive ProcessingAssociation
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Gesture
ReceptionDecoding
ExpressionEncoding
AnalysisCognition
Pervasive Cognitive Processes
Atte
ntio
n
Level 2
Visual
Executive Processing/Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Gesture
ReceptionDecoding
ExpressionEncoding
AnalysisCognition
In order of information to get in, the student needs to attend
Atte
ntio
n
Level 2
Aw
are
ness
Inte
ntio
n
Visual
Executive Processing/Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Written
Reception ExpressionAnalysisCognition
Information must be recognized for cognitive registration
Atte
ntio
n
Level 2
Components of Attention• Specificity of focus• Discrimination ability• Accurate perception• Filtering and pattern recognition.• Perseverance in the face of difficulty.• Resistance to distraction• Resistance to frustration• Perceptiveness• Amount of effort• Self-monitoring• Attention “swapping”
Components of Attention• Specificity of focus• Discrimination ability• Accurate perception• Filtering and pattern recognition.• Perseverance in the face of difficulty.• Resistance to distraction• Resistance to frustration• Perceptiveness• Amount of effort• Self-monitoring• Attention “swapping”
Executive Processing/Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Written
Reception ExpressionAnalysisCognition
Recognition is facilitated by knowing to be ready for input
Atte
ntio
n
Level 2
Aw
are
ness
Components of Awareness• Goal clarity• Perceived Valuation• Advance notice of importance• Potential punishment or reward• Past experience• Situational cues
Components of Awareness• Goal clarity• Perceived Valuation• Advance notice of importance• Potential punishment or reward• Past experience• Situational cues
Executive Processing/Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Written
Reception ExpressionAnalysisCognition
Registration is facilitated by a desire to register the information
Atte
ntio
n
Level 2
Aw
are
ness
Inte
ntio
n
Components of Intention• The internalized “true” desire to achieve• An internalized willingness to cooperate• The individual’s “big picture” of who they are and what they want
Components of Intention• The internalized “true” desire to achieve• An internalized willingness to cooperate• The individual’s “big picture” of who they are and what they want
Executive Processing/Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Written
ExpressionAnalysis
What can an instructor do to address attention difficulties
Atte
ntio
n
Level 2
Aw
are
ness
Inte
ntio
n
1. Motivating and encouraging students to want to attend2. Prepping the students by providing background
information3. Calling immediate attention before starting content4. Guiding students through identifying what to attend to5. Providing students with games and tasks that require
and develop perseverance6. Counseling students to sustain effort and show flexibility
when difficulty is encountered7. Teaching “authentic” and “applied” materials8. Provide “activity” learning9. Get the student “on your team” 10.Teach “filtering” of information (sorting important from
irrelevant)11.Providing short term rewards12.Timing tasks requiring attention and plotting progress13.Introducing students to on-line activities that require
attention14.Breaking larger tasks into smaller units15.Ask students to repeat your directions
Executive Proc
Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Gesture
Reception ExpressionAnalysis
Atte
ntio
n – A
ware
ness - In
tentio
n
Retrieval from Long Term Memory Retrieval from Long Term Memory
Memory
Short term MemoryShort term Memory
Active Working MemoryActive Working Memory Long term storageLong term storageMemory CodingMemory Coding
Information swappingInformation swapping
Visual
Executive ProcAssociation
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Gesture
Reception ExpressionAnalysis
Atte
ntio
n – A
ware
ness - In
tentio
n
Memory
Short term MemoryShort term Memory
Active Working MemoryActive Working Memory
Long term storageLong term storageMemory CodingMemory Coding
Where I want to beWhere I want to be Where I am nowWhere I am now Where I have beenWhere I have been
Information swappingInformation swapping
Visual Recall from Long Term Recall from Long Term
Executive ProcessingAssociation
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Verbal
Executive Processing
Information Processing Model
Reception Expression
Memory
Analysis
Atte
ntio
n
Managing time, space, materials and themselves
Planning, organization and foresight
Self-evaluation and regulation
Sequencing and prioritizing
The conductor of the orchestra
Concern for quality and approval
Acceptance of authority and supervision
Motor
Gesture
Visual
Executive Processing
Association
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Information Processing Model
Written
Reception Expression
Critical Input and Output Variable
Spoken
Acuity: Ability of the individual to hear and speak clearlySpeed of input or output
Clarity of input or output
Frequency of input or expression
These simple factors can account for a significant percentage of learning difficulties:•Presentations where the speaker does not speak loud enough•Handouts or writing on the board that are illegible•Insufficient repetition of material•Material that is covered too fast or in a disorganized manner•Moving ahead before existing content is mastered•Competing environmental distractions•Inadequate size or loudness of stimulus
Terminology 1.2Terminology 1.2• Decoding• Receptive• Associative• Tactile• Kinesthetic• Verbal• Expression• Channel• Process• Encoding• Psycholinguistic• Cognitive• Analysis• Focused
attention• Initial attention• Sustained
attention• Awareness
• Intention• Perceived relevance• Experiential
framework• Perseverance• Distraction
resistance• Frustration
resistance• Filtering• Attention swapping• Metacognition• Short term memory• Active working
memory• Memory coding• Long term memory• Retrieval• Memory
Deterioration• Memory
Enhancement• Executive
Processing
• Executive functions• Self-regulation,
planning, inhibition and self-monitoring• Subordination• Visual and auditory
acuity• Stimulus clarity• Speed of presentation
and processing• Stimulus repetition• Visual and auditory
discrimination
Executive ProcessingAssociation
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Motor
Verbal
Executive Processing
Information Processing Model
Written
Reception Expression
Higher LevelCognitive Processes
MemoryAnalysis
Atte
ntio
n
Richard Gacka ABLE LD Project
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
Apple
RecognitionDiscrimination Size Shape Orientation Directionality Depth ColorMemory (recall)NamingAssociation with conceptsMemory (production)Pattern recognitionCompletion based on partsTesting correctnessRule applicationRule violation recognitionFocusPerseverance
Executive ProcessingAssociation
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
KinestheticVerbal
Executive Processing
Information Processing Model
ReceptionDecoding
ExpressionEncoding
Memory
Analysis
Atte
ntio
n
Deco
din
g In
put
Richard Gacka ABLE LD Project
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
Motor
Gesture
Visual
Codin
g O
utp
ut
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
Executive ProcessingAssociation
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
KinestheticVerbal
Executive Processing and Self-Monitoring
Information Processing Model
ReceptionDecoding
ExpressionEncoding
Memory, Retrieval and “data swapping”
Analysis
Susta
ined A
ttentio
n a
nd C
once
ntra
tion
Deco
din
g In
put
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
Motor
Gesture
Visual
Codin
g O
utp
ut
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
Higher LevelCognitive Processes
Vocabulary and Inner language
Recognition and Knowledge
Level
Comprehension and
Understanding Level
Application Level
Analysis and Manipulation
Level
Synthesis and Integration
Level
Critical Reasoning and Evaluation
Level
List Explain Apply Analyze Combine Assess Define Discuss Demonstrate Explain Rearrange Grade
Tell Compare Calculate Arrange Create Recommend Describe Extend Complete Select What if? Judge Identify Interpret Illustrate Separate Rewrite Decide Show Predict Show Connect Integrate Test Label Describe Solve Divide Substitute Convince
Collect Contrast Examine Infer Design Support Examine Outline Modify Order Compose Rank Tabulate Restate Relate Classify Prepare Measure
Quote Summarize Change Compare Modify Select Name Distinguish Classify Debate Plan Conclude Who Imagine Map Invent Why When Paraphrase Generalize Predict Where Mind map Repeat
Point out I know I understand I can Use I can Manipulate I can Combine I can Test
Executive ProcessingAssociation
Auditory
Visual
Tactile
KinestheticVerbal
Executive Processing and Self-Monitoring
Concurrent Information Processing Model
ReceptionDecoding
ExpressionEncoding
Memory, Retrieval and “data swapping”
Analysis
Susta
ined A
ttentio
n a
nd C
once
ntra
tion
Deco
din
g In
put
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
Motor
Gesture
Visual
Codin
g O
utp
ut
ObjectsRepresentations
Symbols
Higher LevelCognitive Processes
Vocabulary and Inner language
Awareness, motivation and attention level:
Input level:
Association level:
Expression level:
Memory demands:
Executive demands:
Decoding and Encoding needed:
Awareness, motivation and attention level:
Input level:
Association level:
Expression level:
Memory demands:
Executive demands:
Decoding and Encoding needed:
Awareness, motivation and attention level:
Input level:
Association level:
Expression level:
Memory demands:
Executive demands:
Decoding and Encoding needed:
Awareness, motivation and attention level:
Input level:
Association level:
Expression level:
Memory demands:
Executive demands:
Decoding and Encoding needed: