Evolution

Carl T. Bergstrom and Lee Alan Dugatkin

Norton Media Library

1st Edition

Norton Media Library

Chapter 4

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Carl T. Bergstrom and Lee Alan Dugatkin

Figure 4.2 Phylogenies at different scales

Figure 4.3 Pedigrees

Figure 4.4 Traits and trees

Figure 4.5 Two equivalent ways of drawing a phylogeny

Figure 4.6 Interior nodes represent common ancestors

Figure 4.7 Rotating around any node leaves a phylogeny unchanged

Figure 4.8 Rotating phylogenetic trees

Figure 4.9 Polytomies represent uncertainty about phylogenetic relationships

Figure 4.10 Clades and descent from common ancestor

Figure 4.11 Monophyletic clades of mammals

Figure 4.12 Phylogenetic tree of the vertebrates

Figure 4.13 Unrooted tree of proteobacteria

Figure 4.14 Rooted trees from unrooted trees

Figure 4.15 Cladograms and phylograms

Figure 4.16 A chronogram indicates the timing of evolutionary events

Figure 4.17 The rate of evolution in short and long lived plants

Figure 4.18 Different ways to depict phylogenetic relationships

Figure 4.19 Spectral sensitivity of the human cone opsins

Figure 4.20 Evolution of tetrapod visual opsins

Figure 4.21 Homologous and analogous traits

Figure 4.22 Convergent evolution for coloration

Figure 4.23 Convergent evolution in body forms

Figure 4.24 Derived traits

Figure 4.25 An example of homoplasy

Figure 4.26 Derived traits and symplesiomorphy

Figure 4.27 Using outgroups to infer the ancestral state

Figure 4.28 Case 1: The outgroups help resolve the polytomy

Figure 4.29 Case 2: The outgroups do not help resolve the polytomy

Figure 4.30 Synapomorphies at different levels

Figure 4.31 Snake fangs and venom

Figure 4.32 Phylogeny of advanced snakes (Caenophidia)

Figure 4.33 Venomousness as a homologous trait between snakes and Gila monsters

Figure 4.34 Deep homology has been seen in lipid droplets

Figure 4.35 Phylogeny based on the FIT2 gene

Figure 4.36 The nictitating membrane

Figure 4.37 Vestigial limblessness in snakes

Figure 4.38 Common ancestry predicts where we should find vestigial limbs

Review Question 4.1

Review Question 4.2

Review Question 4.3

Review Question 4.4

Review Question 4.5

Review Question 4.6

Review Question 4.8

Review Question 4.9

Review Question 4.10

Review Question 4.11

Evolution

Technology

Transcript of Evolution

Technology Evolution towards Technology Evolution towards ...

Culture & control of human evolution. Biological evolutionCultural evolution Relative rates of evolution.

1 Topic 1 Evolution of District Leadership-Overview Evolution of the Position Evolution of the Training Requirements Evolution of Responsibilities Evolution.

Evolution: Complexity, Uncertainty and Innovation · Keywords: complexity, evolution, innovation, modelling, cladistics, creative destruction, market evolution, organizational evolution

Hominin Evolution - Human Evolution

Requirements Evolution Drives Software Evolution

Evolution vs. Theory of Evolution

Evolution Introduction Introduction Historical context of evolution Historical context of evolution Processes and mechanisms of evolution Processes and.

omfortable EVOLUTION High Performance EVOLUTION

EVOLUTION - Theory of Evolution -Evidence for Evolution.

Molecular evolution · Molecular Evolution 1. c-value paradox 2. Molecular evolution is sometimes decoupled from morphological evolution 3. Molecular clock 4. Neutral theory of Evolution

Darwin Evolution Population Evolution Selection.

. Chapter 22: Evolution Historical perspective on evolution Historical perspective on evolution Darwin’s voyage Darwin’s voyage Darwin’s theory: evolution.

Evolution and Speciation Mechanisms of Evolution.

Evolution - Week 4: Human evolution

Evolution Birth of the Earth Evidence of Evolution Theory of Evolution Patterns of Evolution.

Evolution and Change Chapter Thirteen: Evolution 13.1 Evidence for Evolution 13.2 How Evolution Works 13.3 Natural Selection.

Evolution of Genomes Evolution of the eukaryotic cell Human evolution.

EVOLUTION Ch. 23 Evolution. Evolution Outline Formation of the earth & chemical evolution Early beginnings of cells Critical events leading to evolution.

EVOLUTION, THEOLOGY, AND METHOD, PART EVOLUTION …