EVALUATION OF REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH IN CULTURE OF NATIVE MEXICAN TROUTS

(Oncorhynchus spp) FROM NORTHWESTERN CHIHUAHUA , MEXICO.

NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER OF AQUACULTURE

EL ZARCO

S.A.G.A.R.P.A.

MVZ. Gerardo Zamora

MEXICAN NATIVE TROUT DISTRIBUTION

Robert J. Behnke

GENERAL OBJETIVES OF PREVIOUS REPORTS

• CONTINENTAL DISTRIBUTION OF SALMONIDS.• MIGRATION AREAS OF MEXICAN TROUTS.• HEAT STRESS TOLERANCE.• TAXONOMY STUDIES• GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS

COPE 1886 NELSON, E.W. 1898.

MEEK 1904 EVERMANN 1908

NEEDHAM 1955 MILLER, R.R. 1950’S

LEOPOLD, FINDLEY and. HENDRICKSON

ACTUAL STATUS

• COMMERCIAL TROUT FARMS – 54 in Chihuahua and 12 in Durango

• INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION– GENETIC CROSSES WITHOUT OBJETIVES– GENETIC CONTAMINATION

• LOST OF ORIGINAL TRAITS

• TRAPS DEVELOPMENT• OFFICIAL NORM FOR GENETIC PROPOUSES.

– (IN PROGRES)

MEXICAN NATIVE TROUT (Oncorhynchus spp.)

IN CAPTIVITY

• REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS EVALUATION • GROWTH TRAIT EVALUATION• DESCRIPTION AND ETHOLOGY

OBJETIVES

MEXICAN NATIVECAPTURE

• CAPTURED:OCTUBER, 1999 • PLACE: EL LARGO, CHIHUAHUA• RIVERS:• CHUHUICHUPA Lat 29º45’23“ N Long 108º26‘18“ W

• GUAYNOPA Lat 29º31‘46“N Long 108º31‘08“ W

• ALTITUDE 1700 A 1800 m. o.s.l.• DEEP: 30 - 120 cm. • WATER TEMP. 12°C A 14°C

CAPTURED

Plastic bag

AIR TRANSPORTACION

NATIONAL CENTER FOR AQUACULTURE EL ZARCO

S.A.G.A.R.P.A.

• EGG – EYED AND OFFSPRING RAINBOW TROUT PRODUCTION

• NATIVE MEXICAN GENETIC BANK ( ex situ) FOR RESEARCH

NATIVE TROUT DESCRIPTION

• TOTAL LENGTH AVERAGE 12 cm. • DORSAL FIN EDGE: ORANGE BRIGTH• FINS: RED BRITGH • VENTRAL AND ANNAL FINS: EDGE WITH. • SPARR SPOTS: EARLY AGES.• MALES: BRIGTH COLORS

REPRODUCTIVE INDIVIDUAL OF NATIVE TROUT

GONADS IN DEVELOPMENT

REPRODUCTIVE FEMALE August 2001

REPRODUCTIVE MALE August 2001

REPRODUCTIVE METHODS

OBSERVATION AND EVALUATIONPERIODICALLY

ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION JANUARY TO MARCH 2000

dry method

RESULTS• EGG PRODUCTION: 88 TO 150 eggs• DIAMETER of the EGG 3.6± 0.2 mm • EGG WEIGHT 39 ± 5 mg.• INCUBATION 11º C WATER

TEMPERATURE

EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT

• EGG EYED 18 DAYS

• FERTILITY 60%

• HATCH

30 TO 35 DAYS• VIABILITY

80%

• VITELIN SAC ABSORTION 28 A 31 DAYS • VIABILIDAD 70%• GROWTH

• 60 DAYS WEIGHT 63 mg. LENGTH 2.1 cm• 455 DAYS WEIGHT 14 gr. (10-29 gr) LENGTH 12

cm. (10 -17 cm)

ETHOLOGY

• MALES: AGRESIVE AND NERVOUS

• LIVE FOOD ONLY

• RESISTENCE TO MANAGEMENT

DISCUSSION

• No previous results has been reported.

• This can be a new specie o variety of Oncorhynchus

BEHAVIOR COMPARATION WITH DOMESTIC TROUT (Oncorhynchus

mykiss)

• SAME EMBRYONAL DEVELOPMENT TIME

• VITELIN SAC ABSORPTION REQUIRES (28 to 31 vs 18 days)

• SLOW GROWTH

• ONLY LIVE FOOD

• NATURAL BREEDING

RECOMMENDATION

• MORE STUDIES IN DIFFERENT STAGES TO EVALUATE GROWTH.

• MOLECULAR GENETICS• mtDNA GENETIC SECUENCESTO ANALYZE

GENETIC STRUCTURE• GENETIC RELATIONS WITH OTHER PACIFIC

SALMONIDS

GRATEFULNESS

• SECRETARIA DE AGRICULTURA, GANADERIA, DESARROLLO RURAL, PESCA Y ALIMENTACION

• DELEGACION ESTATAL EN EL ESTADO DE MEXICO• COMISION NACIONAL DE ACUACULTURA Y PESCA• CONALEP EL ZARCO ESTADO DE MEXICO• APOYADO POR LA FEDERACION MEXICANA DE PESCA

DEPORTIVA EN AGUAS INTERIORES A.C.• FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA YZOOT.U.N.A.M.

Oncorhynchus mykiss var. nelsoni

STREAM SAN RAFAEL, SIERRA DE SAN PEDRO MARTIR, B.C.N.