SELF-FORMATION AND SELF-EVALUATION: SELF-FORMATION AND SELF-EVALUATION: KNOWLEDGES AND SKILLS FOR SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGES AND SKILLS FOR SCIENTIFIC

DISCIPLINES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLSDISCIPLINES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

SELF-FORMATION AND SELF-EVALUATION: SELF-FORMATION AND SELF-EVALUATION: KNOWLEDGES AND SKILLS FOR SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGES AND SKILLS FOR SCIENTIFIC

DISCIPLINES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLSDISCIPLINES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

European Project GRUNDTVIG/SocratesEuropean Project GRUNDTVIG/SocratesCoordinator: J.P. COSTECoordinator: J.P. COSTE

European Project GRUNDTVIG/SocratesEuropean Project GRUNDTVIG/SocratesCoordinator: J.P. COSTECoordinator: J.P. COSTE

SCAMUP, SCAMUP, Université Université de Provence (Marseille, FRANCE)de Provence (Marseille, FRANCE)Dip. Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Dip. Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università GenovaUniversità Genova (ITALY) (ITALY)Inst. PhysicsInst. Physics, , Nicolas Copernic Nicolas Copernic UniversityUniversity ((TorunTorun, POLAND), POLAND)Dept. Dept. Fisica Aplicada i OpticaFisica Aplicada i Optica, , University of BarcelonaUniversity of Barcelona (SPAIN) (SPAIN)Dip. Fisica & Unità INFM, Dip. Fisica & Unità INFM, Politecnico TorinoPolitecnico Torino (ITALY) (ITALY)

SCAMUP, SCAMUP, Université Université de Provence (Marseille, FRANCE)de Provence (Marseille, FRANCE)Dip. Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Dip. Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università GenovaUniversità Genova (ITALY) (ITALY)Inst. PhysicsInst. Physics, , Nicolas Copernic Nicolas Copernic UniversityUniversity ((TorunTorun, POLAND), POLAND)Dept. Dept. Fisica Aplicada i OpticaFisica Aplicada i Optica, , University of BarcelonaUniversity of Barcelona (SPAIN) (SPAIN)Dip. Fisica & Unità INFM, Dip. Fisica & Unità INFM, Politecnico TorinoPolitecnico Torino (ITALY) (ITALY)

M. CM. CODEGONE ODEGONE M.M. RROVERE OVERE A.A. TTARTAGLIAARTAGLIA

A.A. TTAGLIAFERRO AGLIAFERRO E.E. TTRESSORESSOM. CM. CODEGONE ODEGONE M.M. RROVERE OVERE A.A. TTARTAGLIAARTAGLIA

A.A. TTAGLIAFERRO AGLIAFERRO E.E. TTRESSORESSO

AACCESS TO UNIVERSITY TRIGGERED BY A HIGH SCHOOL TITLECCESS TO UNIVERSITY TRIGGERED BY A HIGH SCHOOL TITLE::

- should ‘guarantee’ for the knowledge acquired- should ‘guarantee’ for the knowledge acquired- student deficiencies and/or skills are not certifiedstudent deficiencies and/or skills are not certified- disregards skills and knowledges acquired in extra-scholar disregards skills and knowledges acquired in extra-scholar environments (working adults coming back to study, …)environments (working adults coming back to study, …)

BACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN PROJECTBACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN PROJECTBACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN PROJECTBACKGROUND OF THE EUROPEAN PROJECT

GGAP IN KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS BETWEEN WHAT ACHIEVED ATAP IN KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS BETWEEN WHAT ACHIEVED ATHIGH SCHOOLS AND ‘EXPECTED ENTRY LEVEL’ AT UNIVERSITYHIGH SCHOOLS AND ‘EXPECTED ENTRY LEVEL’ AT UNIVERSITY::

- lacking communication among institutionlacking communication among institution- high schools not clearly ‘university oriented’high schools not clearly ‘university oriented’

NNEED TO FACE THE DECREASE OF STUDENTS INTERESTED IN EED TO FACE THE DECREASE OF STUDENTS INTERESTED IN SCIENTIFIC STUDIES:SCIENTIFIC STUDIES:

- need for ‘intellectual’ stimulation need for ‘intellectual’ stimulation - teaching with ‘modern’ techniquesteaching with ‘modern’ techniques

PURPOSE OF THE PROJECTPURPOSE OF THE PROJECTPURPOSE OF THE PROJECTPURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

SSCHOOL LEVEL:CHOOL LEVEL: High schoolHigh school UniversityUniversity

BBASIC SCIENCES: ASIC SCIENCES: Mathematics, Physics, ChemistryMathematics, Physics, Chemistry

DDEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE THAT ALLOWSEVELOPMENT OF A SOFTWARE THAT ALLOWS

Self-evaluation Self-evaluation (of knowledge and abilities)(of knowledge and abilities)

Virtual tutoringVirtual tutoring

Self-formationSelf-formation

TTECHNICAL FEATURESECHNICAL FEATURES

multiplatform: Win, Mac, Unixmultiplatform: Win, Mac, Unixallows Broadcast on Internetallows Broadcast on Internet

TTO BE TESTED O BE TESTED in different countriesin different countries

2)2) PROBLEMS are selected by the softwareare selected by the software

Each answer isEach answer is CODED in terms of:in terms of:knowledgeknowledge required (Newton’s law, …)required (Newton’s law, …)abilitiesabilities involved (formalisation, …)involved (formalisation, …)toolstools to be used (mathematical, …) to be used (mathematical, …)contextcontext of presentation (movie, simulation, …)of presentation (movie, simulation, …)difficultydifficulty level (1level (1 4) 4)

3) Problems and3) Problems and ANSWERS are proposed to the ‘student’are proposed to the ‘student’

1)1) Knowledge andKnowledge and ABILITIES to be tested are definedto be tested are defined

HOW ANHOW AN EVALUATION SESSION EVALUATION SESSION WORKSWORKS (1)(1)HOW ANHOW AN EVALUATION SESSION EVALUATION SESSION WORKSWORKS (1)(1)

HOW ANHOW AN EVALUATION SESSION EVALUATION SESSION WORKSWORKS (2)(2)HOW ANHOW AN EVALUATION SESSION EVALUATION SESSION WORKSWORKS (2)(2)

4) ‘4) ‘AppropriateAppropriate’ answers have to be selected through a’ answers have to be selected through a JAVA INTERFACEJAVA INTERFACE

5) At the end of an evaluation session a5) At the end of an evaluation session a REPORT isis prepared by analysing the codes associated to theprepared by analysing the codes associated to the answers selectedanswers selected

6) The report is issued to either6) The report is issued to either studentstudent

tutor (virtual or real)tutor (virtual or real) examinatorexaminator

SELF-FORMATION SELF-FORMATION (1)(1)SELF-FORMATION SELF-FORMATION (1)(1)

CCONSTRUCTIVISMONSTRUCTIVISM is the basis of our approach is the basis of our approach

The student The student IS NOT TAUGHTIS NOT TAUGHT, but stimulated to build , but stimulated to build his knowledge and expertisehis knowledge and expertise

Learning leads to a cognitive structure by building Learning leads to a cognitive structure by building LINKSLINKS between ‘ between ‘KNOWLEDGE PILLSKNOWLEDGE PILLS’’

SELF-FORMATION SELF-FORMATION (2)(2)SELF-FORMATION SELF-FORMATION (2)(2)

1) 1) GETS GETS a problema problem

2) 2) FREELY SURFSFREELY SURFS among: among:ExercisesExercises DescriptionsDescriptionsMoviesMovies SimulationsSimulations……

3) 3) COMES BACKCOMES BACK to the problem and to the problem and ANSWERSANSWERS

4) 4) GETSGETS a feedback a feedback (and a ‘surfing suggestion’ ?)(and a ‘surfing suggestion’ ?)

TTHE STUDENTHE STUDENT

0) 0) SELECTSSELECTS the subject the subject

2a)2a) After aAfter a ‘while’‘while’, the , the softwaresoftware PRODUCESPRODUCES a a reportreport

2b)2b) The The softwaresoftware SENDSSENDS a a report to the report to the virtual tutorvirtual tutor

1)1) The The studentstudent STARTSSTARTS its working sessionits working session

VIRTUAL TUTORINGVIRTUAL TUTORINGVIRTUAL TUTORINGVIRTUAL TUTORING

3)3) The The virtual tutor SELECTSvirtual tutor SELECTS appropriate problems for appropriate problems for further workfurther work

4)4) The The virtual tutor SUBMITSvirtual tutor SUBMITS the problems to the student the problems to the student

CURRENT STATUSCURRENT STATUSCURRENT STATUSCURRENT STATUS

Authors Java Interface:Authors Java Interface: workingworking

Student Java Interface:Student Java Interface: workingworking

Weight Matrix:Weight Matrix: workingworking

currently undergoing tests by studentscurrently undergoing tests by students

FFORMATION: ORMATION: building up pages and structurebuilding up pages and structure

EEVALUATION:VALUATION:

VVIRTUAL TUTORING: IRTUAL TUTORING: developping softwaredevelopping software

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

TTHEHE E ENDNDTTHEHE E ENDND

Work is going onWork is going on

Work is going onWork is going on

Work is going onWork is going on

WE ARE LOOKING FOR PARTNERS !!!E ARE LOOKING FOR PARTNERS !!!

Identification

Conceptual elaboration

Demonstration

Solution

Meaning

AABILITIESBILITIESAABILITIESBILITIES

IIDENTIFICATIONDENTIFICATIONIIDENTIFICATIONDENTIFICATION

• To identifyTo identify (an element in a context)(an element in a context)

• To simplifyTo simplify (a situation)(a situation)

• To enunciateTo enunciate (a law)(a law)

CCONCEPTUAL ONCEPTUAL EELABORATIONLABORATIONCCONCEPTUAL ONCEPTUAL EELABORATIONLABORATION

• To applyTo apply (a law, a model, …)(a law, a model, …)

• To taylorTo taylor (a law, …) to a given situation(a law, …) to a given situation

• To correlateTo correlate (finding analogies and differences)(finding analogies and differences)

• To foreseeTo foresee (the consequences)(the consequences)

DDEMONSTRATIONEMONSTRATIONDDEMONSTRATIONEMONSTRATION

• To pick-upTo pick-up (a model, …)(a model, …)

• To discussTo discuss (a situation, …)(a situation, …)

• ……..

SSOLUTIONOLUTIONSSOLUTIONOLUTION

• To solveTo solve

• To calculateTo calculate

• To estimateTo estimate

• To switchTo switch (equation -> graph, …)(equation -> graph, …)

MMEANINGEANINGMMEANINGEANING

• To interpretTo interpret

• To denyTo deny

• To sintethizeTo sintethize

• To transfer To transfer (analogies, …)(analogies, …)

AA PROFILEPROFILE of the student is given in terms of:of the student is given in terms of:

Knowledge Abilities Tools …Knowledge Abilities Tools …

TTHE HE RREPORTEPORTTTHE HE RREPORTEPORT

To prepare problemsTo prepare problems

TTHE HE AAUTHOR’S UTHOR’S JJOB OB (1)(1)TTHE HE AAUTHOR’S UTHOR’S JJOB OB (1)(1)

TTHE HE AAUTHOR’S UTHOR’S JJOB OB (2)(2)TTHE HE AAUTHOR’S UTHOR’S JJOB OB (2)(2)

To code answersTo code answers

KKNOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE PPILLSILLSKKNOWLEDGE NOWLEDGE PPILLSILLS

their interpretation is peculiar to each individualtheir interpretation is peculiar to each individual

Knowledge pills are ‘Knowledge pills are ‘standardstandard’:’:

For a point mass, a direct proportionality exists For a point mass, a direct proportionality exists between the force applied to the point and the between the force applied to the point and the acceleration the body acquiresacceleration the body acquiresBUTBUT

LLINKS INKS (P(PROBLEM ROBLEM SSOLVING SKILLSOLVING SKILLS))LLINKS INKS (P(PROBLEM ROBLEM SSOLVING SKILLSOLVING SKILLS))

PPROBLEMROBLEM S SOLVINGOLVING M METHODETHOD is personal is personal

LLINKSINKS are: are: - the personal representation of ‘knowledge’ - the personal representation of ‘knowledge’ - structured in a personal way- structured in a personal way

Learning is a ‘Problem’Learning is a ‘Problem’

requires a personal approachrequires a personal approach

22ndnd Netwon’s law states … Netwon’s law states …

If you push a cart …If you push a cart …F = m aF = m a

PPROBLEMSROBLEMSPPROBLEMSROBLEMS

AANSWERSNSWERSAANSWERSNSWERS

Various types of answers:Various types of answers:

Selecting sentences (open number)Selecting sentences (open number)

Building sentencesBuilding sentences

Multiple Choice QuestionMultiple Choice Question……

SSELECTINGELECTING S SENTENCESENTENCESSSELECTINGELECTING S SENTENCESENTENCES

BBUILDINGUILDING S SENTENCESENTENCESBBUILDINGUILDING S SENTENCESENTENCES

JJAVAAVA I INTERFACENTERFACEJJAVAAVA I INTERFACENTERFACE