European programme - Culture 2000“Cult-rural”

Transnational-workshopExhibition Project 2

Hungary - Sweden - France

AFMA / MuCEM / SZNM/ SHFFlorence, november 2007 15th-17th

Title of the exhibition :

S.O.S. ...---...Save our Sources

Inspiration, innovation and technology in a rural perspective

Plan of the exhibition :

1st part : Introductioninterpretation of s.o.s., aims, definitions, historical context

2nd part : Tradition and adaptation

3rd part : Innovation

4th part : Conclusion be-how, good manners

I. Introduction

I.1. SOS (interpretation and aims)

I.2. definitions

I.3. historical context - „learn from history” : failures from the Middle Ages to nowadays

I. IntroductionI.1. S.O.S. ...---...I.1.1. Interpretation

„Save Our Souls”„Save Our Ship”„Send Our Savior”> some examples of interpretations.The sign means in fact nothing, it is

not an abbreviation. They have agreed in this Morze-signs as ask for help-signal, because it is even for an amateur easy to recognise or to use even in case of interference.

Our interpretation: Save our Sources

I. IntroductionI.1. S.O.S. ...---...I.1.2. Aims

To demonstrate that in Europe during many centuries the main part of the people lived in rural areas, in rural settlements and they based their existence on cultivation of earth and/or on animal-husbandry. So we can talk about

RURAL CULTURE and RURALITY.

I. IntroductionI.1. S.O.S. ...---...I.1.2. Aims

To show that rurality (landscape, people, way of life, idea) is not an isolated, independent and constant phenomenon, economical, social and cultural fact. There were/are always many connections, bilateral influences and a process of exchange between rural / urban areas, center / periphery (administration, trade, transport, migration,culture …)

I.IntroductionI.1. S.O.S. ...---...I.1.3. Aims

As due to different reasons rural culture is nowadays disappearing, there is an urgency to find know-hows from three European countries in order to promote

them for a sustainable way of life.

I.IntroductionI.2. Definitions

I.2.1. Technology

is a broad concept that deals with a species' usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects a species' ability to control and adapt to its environment. Technology is a term with origins in the Greek "technologia", "τεχνολογία" — "techne", "τέχνη" ("craft") and "logia", "λογία" ("saying").However, a strict definition is elusive; "technology" can refer to material objects of use to humanity, such as machines, hardware or utensils, but can also encompass broader themes, including

systems, methods of organization, and techniques.

IntroductionI.2. DefinitionsI.2.2. sustainable development

= achieving economical, ecological, social and cultural goals in ways that can be supported for the long term by conserving resources, protecting the environment, and ensuring human health and welfare.

Historical context

Think behind!

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental failures from the Middle Ages to nowadaysI.3.1. Deforestation: from Middle Ages to XVIIth and – XVIIIth century

Photo : Objects :

FRANCE

Medieval book :

Les riches oeuvres de l ’Abbaye de Citeaux

axes

Puy de Dôme

Le Monestier

65.6.46

65.6.47

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental failures from the Middle Ages to nowadaysI.3.1. Deforestation: from Middle Ages to XVIIth and – XVIIIth century

Photo :

on work

Objects :

HUNGARY

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental failures from the Middle Ages to nowadaysI.3.1. Deforestation: from Middle Ages to XVIIth and – XVIIIth centuryPhoto :

Objects :

SWEDEN

Use of forest

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the Middle Ages to nowadaysI.3.2. Mistaken reforestation in 18th century : inlightening of peasants by scholars

Photos :

HUNGARY

Problem of shifting sands

Tessedik Sámuel, Georgikon

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the Middle Ages to nowadaysI.3.2. Mistaken reforestation in 18th century : inlightening of peasants by scholars

Locust from N.-America planted to fix the sand (+ secondary uses: excellent, lasting, wood and honey)The invasive plant push out natural flora and fauna. Now: WWF-pact from Rio (preserve of biodiversity) → prosets against locust plant.

Photos :

HUNGARY

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the

Middle Ages to nowadays

I.3.3. Reforestation : Planting of pines not adapted to the nature of soil (1st half XXth century to 1950s).

Photos :

FRANCEtrees in meadowsepiceas trees rare coming in the valley

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the Middle

Ages to nowadays

I.3.3. Reforestation : Planting of trees not adapted to the nature of soil

Photos : on work

SWEDEN

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the

Middle Ages to nowadays

I.3.4. soils : Mineralization in plain, packing of soil, Impoverishment of soil because of extreme provisions in manure

Objects :

FRANCE

fertilizer potassium of Alsace

model of agricultural vehicle

ground and manure basket

Burgondy, Saône-et-Loire, ATP 38.50.130

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the

Middle Ages to nowadays

I.3.4. soils : Mineralization in plain, packing of soil, Impoverishment of soil because of extreme provisions in manure

Photos :

FRANCEExcess of plough causes the disappearance of humus

« glacis »erosion of soil

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the

Middle Ages to nowadays

I.3.5. Pollution by nitrates of water sheet and watercourses in river

Photos :Object :

FRANCE

limitation of water uses in 2003

red colorated water in the Trévignon harbour, Brittany, 2004

I. IntroductionI.3. The environmental technological failures from the

Middle Ages to nowadays

I.3.6. animals : porcine animal husbandry out of soil (after 1950).

Photo :

FRANCE

porcine animal husbandry out of soil (after 1950).

I. IntroductionI.4. chronological frise (molino) of the most important agricultural events in Europe

A fast zoom in:facts, diagrams, maps,

> due to lack of time and space maybe in cartoon-strip!

FRANCE, SWEDEN, HUNGARY

II. Tradition and adaptation

II.1. Environs

II.2. Habitation

II.3. Food

1. spot

OBSERVE THE NATURE INSTEAD OF CHANGING IT!

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.1. Water + technologyII.1.1.1. regulation of the river Tisza in 19th centuryChanging flood areas: changing flora and fauna, more earth for cultivation, growing level of ground-water, more sludge, sourronding areas: drought, low level of groundwater, overwatering, secondary salinization

Photos :

HUNGARY

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.1. Water + technologyII.1.1.1. regulation of the river Tisza in 19th cent. Traditional know-how: Use of ‘fok’• Nagykörű: reorganisation program• New Vásárhelyi-project

Photos :

HUNGARY

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.1. Water + technologyII.1.1.2.The Dombes: fish breeding and plants cultivation

Photos :

FRANCE

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.1. Water + technologyII.1.1.3.The Maritime landscape: seaweed harvest and by-products

Photos :

Object :

FRANCE

Varech transport in Brittany and Corse

MuCEM

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.2. Soil + technolgyII.1.2.1 terraces landscape in the South of France struggling against erosion

Photos :

FRANCE

Desaignes, Ardèche

used terraces landscape behind the village

Desaignes, Ardèche

abandonned and replanted terraces landscape behind the village

Photos :

FRANCE

Desaignes, Ardèche

replanted terraces landscape behind the village

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.2. Soil + technologyII.1.2.1 terraces landscape in the South of France struggling against erosion

II.1.2.2. "hedged farmland" and the following of its evolution: very dense hedged farmland> wild regrouping> destruction of hedges and soil> reasoned replantation of hedges.

Photos :

FRANCE

Destroyed hedge in Normandy

Hedged farmland in Brionnais, Puy-de-Dôme

Auvergne

Object :

« croissant »

MuCEM

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.2. Soil + technology

Photos :

FRANCE

Hedge « plessage » in Ecomusée du Perche in Normandy

Hedge : « plessage »

II. Tradition and adaptation II.1. Environs II.1.2. Soil + technology

II.1.2.2. "hedged farmland" and the following of its evolution: very dense hedged farmland> wild regrouping> destruction of hedges and soil> reasoned replantation of hedges.

2. spot

Use local material!

II. Tradition and adaptation II.2. Habitation II.2.1. Wall from earthII.2.1.1. The vernacular and monumental built heritage: source of development, source of inspiration

Photos :Object :

FRANCE

Model of britanny house, scale 1/20

MuCEM, 80.00.00, earth’s work

II. Tradition and adaptation II.2. Habitation II.2.1. Wall from earthII.2.1.1. The vernacular and monumental built heritage: source of development, source of inspiration

Photos : Object :

HUNGARY

II. Tradition and adaptation II.2. Habitation II.2.1. Wall from earthII.2.1.1. The vernacular and monumental built heritage: source of development, source of inspiration

Photos :

Object :

timber axes,

Falun red colour

SWEDEN

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

work of thatched roof

tool for

thatched

roof

Savoie

MuCEM

61.115.15

II. Tradition and adaptation II.2. Habitation II.2.2. RoofII.2.2.1. The vernacular and monumental built heritage : source de development and inspiration

Photos : Object :

HUNGARY

II. Tradition and adaptation II.2. Habitation II.2.2. RoofII.2.2.1. The vernacular and monumental built heritage : source de development and inspiration

Photos : on work

Object : wooden brick

SWEDEN

II. Tradition and adaptation II.2. Habitation II.2.2. RoofII.2.2.1. The vernacular and monumental built heritage : source de development and inspiration

3. spot

Eat seasonal product!

II. Tradition and adaptation II.3. Food II.3.1. VegetablesII.3.1.1. Tönköly wheat

Photos :Object :

HUNGARY

II. Tradition and adaptation II.3. Food II.3.1. VegetablesII.3.1.2.

Photos :Object :

Corbs

straw gras

Old botanical drawings from Linné

SWEDENPeninguila vulgaris for preservation of milk

II. Tradition and adaptation II.3. Food II.3.1. VegetablesII.3.1.3. harvest with hand: grapevine, fruits, olive. The manual crop becomes a commercial argument with a strong symbolic added value even if it meets in the increase of the selling price of the product to the consumer.Photos :

Object :

FRANCE

Harvest with hand : beans from Tarbes, Pyrénées

Beans from Tarbes

II. Tradition and adaptation II.3. Food II.3.2. AnimalsII.3.2.1. A pig makes career : the Mangalica-storyPhotos :

Object :

HUNGARY

II. Tradition and adaptation II.3. Food II.3.2. AnimalsII.3.2.1. A cow, who produce milk with good Cholesterol: Fjällko

Photos :Object : milkseparators, canne, milkbucket, sieves, cheeseframe

Sweden

II. Tradition and adaptation II.3. Food II.3.2. AnimalsII.3.2.2. The example of poultry from Bresse

Photos :

FRANCE

Honey pot

II. Tradition and adaptation II.3. Food II.3.2. AnimalsII.3.2.2. The example of poultry Coucou of Rennes

Photos :

FRANCE

III. Innovation

III.1. Eco-energies

III.2. Eco-landscaping

III.3. Eco-living

III.4. Eco-farming

III.5. Eco-housekeeping

III. InnovationIII.1. Eco-energiesIII.1.1. Individual use of energies : heating wood, hydraulic energy, wind force

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

Lycée Jeanne d’Arc – Saint – Ivy, Pontivy, BrittanyHydraulic mill at Saint-Jorioz, Haute-Savoie

III. InnovationIII.1. Eco-energiesIII.1.2. Sun

Photos :

FRANCE

Salt Marsh in Ile de Ré Prune drier in Agen

Air to dry the hemp

4. spot

Use Your body for energy!

III. InnovationIII.1. Eco-energiesIII.1.3. Body : bicycleMobility,more time and freedom (especially for women)Democratic vehiclePhotos : Object

:

HUNGARY

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

Wood transport with horse

Horse collars

MuCEM

Wood transport with horse, Saint-Sauver-le-Vicomte, Normandy

III. InnovationIII.1. Eco-energiesIII.1.4. Animal force : horses > Cleaning and unloading of sensitive zones with draught animals

III. InnovationIII.1. Eco-energiesIII.1.4. Animal force : horses > maintenance of cultivated areas by the horses, grapevine (équivinage), Horses breed

Photos :

FRANCE

Gathering of wastes with a horse vehicle

Modern horse breed

Photos : Object : models, horse equipments, a horse in wood

SWEDEN

Wood , hay and people transport with horseWood transport with horse, Svensk Adenner, Nordsvensk

III. InnovationIII.1. Eco-energiesIII.1.4. Animal force : horses > Cleaning and unloading of sensitive zones (swamps, forests) with draught animals

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.1. “browse cow " against avalanches of the skiable lanes; strife against fires of drills and waste lands: breeds Abundance, Tarentaise … breeds who exploit marshes and difficult zones where the machine does not cross (security guard of environment)

Photos :

FRANCE

Tarentaise cows in the mountain

Photos :

FRANCE

Tarentaise cows in the mountain

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.1. “browse cow " against avalanches of the skiable lanes; strife against fires of drills and waste lands: breeds Abundance, Tarentaise … breeds who exploit marshes and difficult zones where the machine does not cross (security guard of environment)

Object :

FRANCE

Cow’s collar

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.1. “browse cow " against avalanches of the skiable lanes; strife against fires of drills and waste lands: breeds Abundance, Tarentaise … breeds who exploit marshes and difficult zones where the machine does not cross (security guard of environment)

Object :

SWEDEN

Textile and leather products, instruments

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.1. goats and sheeps keep/maintain part of the traditional cultural landscape

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.2. Reintroduction of forested plant kinds and prairials: deciduous trees

Photo : Object :

FRANCE

Chestnut’s trees in south of France

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.3. Not cultivated wooded plant areas zone of biodiversity protection, example : Sweden

Photos : Object :

Sweden

On work

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.3.

Photos :

HUNGARY

• Regulation of the protection of rural landscape • 3 levels: National Park, Landscape zone under protection, Protected area• Protecting of local built heritage and local communities:• Association of Local Heritage Houses

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.3. Not cultivated wooded plant areas zone of biodiversity protection, example : North of France, Somme bay

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

Board in Crotoy town

Ornithologic reserve in Somme bay

Tradition of duck haunting in Somme bay

III. InnovationIII.2. Eco-landscapingIII.2.3.

Photos :Object :

SWEDEN

• Regulation of the protection of rural landscape •

III. InnovationIII.3. Eco-livingIII.3.1. Eco-Villages

Photos :

HUNGARY

the autonome housemodel

III. InnovationIII.3. Eco-livingIII.3.1. Eco-Villages

Photos : ON WORK

Object :

SWEDEN

III. InnovationIII.4. Eco-farmingIII.4.1. Agricultural technology of the soil without plowing

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

Cow granules

Soil cuts,

Cultural fallow

hay

III. InnovationIII.4. Eco-farmingIII.4.2. Farming compost, manure, “lombric” and metanization

Photos :

FRANCE

LombricMethanization ; Mechanical gathering

on the beach of Saint-Michel en Grève

(photograph by J.Y. Piriou, Ifremer)

Manure

III. InnovationIII.4. Eco-farmingIII.4.3. Reintroduction of predatory insects (lady-bird …)

Photo :

FRANCE

III. InnovationIII.4. Eco-farmingIII.4.4. Reintroduction of pollenisable insects (bumblebees, honeybees) who allow the pollination of plants. developpement of bee-keeping by sowing on the fallows of bee flowers

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

Bee-keeping

5. spot

reUse it !

III. InnovationIII.5. Eco-housekeepingIII.5.1. Recycling and question of waste

Object :

FRANCE

patchwork

MuCEM

III. InnovationIII.5. Eco-housekeepingIII.5.1. Recycling and question of waste

Textile :

• Creating and reclycling

• Value of « hand made »

• Traditionnal art ans modern design : sources of inspiration

HUNGARYRETEX

III. InnovationIII.5. Eco-housekeepingIII.5.1. Recycling and question of waste

Timber AND RECYCLING

SWEDEN

III. InnovationIII.5. Eco-housekeepingIII.5.2. Recycling : the example of wood

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

To make washing powder with ashes

« Caen recyclage » in Normandy

« We buy, we recycle, we sell »

III. InnovationIII.5. Eco-housekeepingIII.5.2. Recycling : the example of waste management

Photos :

HUNGARY

IV. Conclusionbe-how, good manners

Conception of consumption, space, time and community

6. spot

Less is more!

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.1. Conception of the consumption: integrated farm management, organic farming: produce less and better

Photos : Object :

FRANCE

Biologic agriculture :

Logotypes

Agricultural

International

Show in Paris

SIA 2007

Bio vegetables

Bio cherries jam

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.1. Conception of the consumption: integrated farm management, organic farming: produce less and betterPhotos :

HUNGARY

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.2. Conception of space : responsability and respect

Photos :

Object :

FRANCE

Conservation of cows breeding

in Jura mountains

Replant of apple-trees in Normandy

and Brittany

Grift-knife for trees

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good manners

IV.2. Conception of space : responsability and respect

Photos :

HUNGARY

critical mass

7. spot

Live slower!

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.3. Conception of time : to have time, to situate actions in a long time

Photos :Object :

FRANCE

Objects made with the painting of Angelus

By Jean-François Millet

Shepherd watch

MuCEM

Sun dial

in Alpes Mountains

8. spot

Think collectively!

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.4. Protecting the communityIV.4.1. Development of near exchanges (role of museums, cultural structures in term of sociability)

Photos :

FRANCE

Ecomusée du Daviaud, Loire-Atlantique, Brittany

IV. Conclusion: be hows, good mannersIV.4. Protecting the communityIV.4.1. Music

Photos :

SWEDEN

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.4. Conception of relationship with other people : to be togetherthe community

Photos :Objects :

FRANCE

Poster of the Flock transport fest, Die, Drôme, 2006

Fun fair, Metzevisse, Lorraine

Saint-Vincent Fest and special taste glass, Nuits-St-Georges, Burgundy, 2007

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good manners

IV.4. Conception of relationship with other people : to work togetherin the communityPhotos :

HUNGARY

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.4. Conception of relationship with other people : to be togetherthe community

spelmanstamma

Photos :Objects :

SWEDEN

IV. Conclusion : be-how, good mannersIV.5. Take time to think...

Photo / object :

FRANCE

Expression wall

Internal work – the photographies diffusion is forbidden

You have choice, even it is not so

simple!