Equipment and apparatuses for Equipment and apparatuses for growing crystals by hydrothermal growing crystals by hydrothermal

methodmethod Shvanskiy P.P., Pereverzev D.V. Shvanskiy P.P., Pereverzev D.V.

Arkhipov M.A., Romanov L.N. Arkhipov M.A., Romanov L.N.

Russian Research Institute for the Synthesis of Russian Research Institute for the Synthesis of Materials (VNIISIMS),Materials (VNIISIMS),

Quartz Palitra Ltd.Quartz Palitra Ltd.

1, Institutskaya St., Alexandrov 601650, Vladimir 1, Institutskaya St., Alexandrov 601650, Vladimir Region, RussiaRegion, Russia

Requirements to growth equipment Requirements to growth equipment working under hydrothermal conditionsworking under hydrothermal conditions

TT - up to 600 - up to 600 °°CC

PP - up to 180 MPa - up to 180 MPa

Aggressive influence on the Aggressive influence on the equipment (excited environment)equipment (excited environment)

Twin vesselsTwin vessels

1 – vessel with charge 1 – vessel with charge 2- vessel with seeds2- vessel with seeds

1 2

High pressure vesselHigh pressure vessel

Solution flow pipesSolution flow pipes

High pressure vessel modelHigh pressure vessel model

Т1

Т2

∆T = Т2 - Т1

Laboratory vessel from heat-Laboratory vessel from heat-resistant steel, 0.014 l volumeresistant steel, 0.014 l volume

Working temperature,°C 0 - 470Working temperature,°C 0 - 470 Working pressure, MPa - 70Working pressure, MPa - 70

Ratio of inner diameter to Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:10working space height - 1:10

Weight, kg - 2Weight, kg - 2

Laboratory vessel made of heat-Laboratory vessel made of heat-resistant alloy, 0.26 l volumeresistant alloy, 0.26 l volume

Working temperature, °C - 600Working temperature, °C - 600

Working pressure, MPa - 150Working pressure, MPa - 150

Ratio of inner diameter to working Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:11space height - 1:11

Weight, kg - 26Weight, kg - 26

Laboratory vessel from corrosion-Laboratory vessel from corrosion-proof steel, 0.3 l volumeproof steel, 0.3 l volume

Working temperature, °C 0 - 450Working temperature, °C 0 - 450

Working pressure, MPa - 100Working pressure, MPa - 100

Ratio of inner diameter to working Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:19space height - 1:19

Weight, kg - 63Weight, kg - 63

Laboratory vessel from heat-resistant Laboratory vessel from heat-resistant steel, 0.5 l volumesteel, 0.5 l volume

Working temperature, °C 0 - 400Working temperature, °C 0 - 400 Working pressure, MPa - 100Working pressure, MPa - 100

Ratio of inner diameter to working Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:6space height - 1:6

Weight, kg - 19Weight, kg - 19

Laboratory vessel with fluoroplastic Laboratory vessel with fluoroplastic lining, 0.3 l volumelining, 0.3 l volume

Working temperature, °C 0 - 250Working temperature, °C 0 - 250 Working pressure, MPa - 66Working pressure, MPa - 66

Ratio of inner diameter to Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:7,5working space height - 1:7,5

Weight, kg - 19 Weight, kg - 19

Laboratory vessel made of Laboratory vessel made of corrosion-proof alloy, 0.5 l volumecorrosion-proof alloy, 0.5 l volume

Working temperature, °C 0 - 350Working temperature, °C 0 - 350

Working pressure, MPa - 70Working pressure, MPa - 70

Ratio of inner diameter to working Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9space height - 1:9

Weight, kg - 21 Weight, kg - 21

Laboratory vessel made of heat-Laboratory vessel made of heat-resistant alloy, 24 l volumeresistant alloy, 24 l volume

Working temperature, °C - 500Working temperature, °C - 500

Working pressure, MPa - 100Working pressure, MPa - 100

Ratio of inner diameter to Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:20working space height - 1:20

Weight, kg - 1260Weight, kg - 1260

Industrial solid-forged vessel, 1000 l Industrial solid-forged vessel, 1000 l volumevolume

Working temperature, °C - 420Working temperature, °C - 420

Working pressure, MPa - 180Working pressure, MPa - 180

Ratio of inner diameter to working Ratio of inner diameter to working space heightspace height

- 1:18- 1:18

Weight, kg - 24 000Weight, kg - 24 000

Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with one welded seamone welded seam

Working temperature,°C 0–400Working temperature,°C 0–400

Working pressure, MPa - 70Working pressure, MPa - 70

Ratio of inner diameter to Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9working space height - 1:9

Weight, kg - 83 600Weight, kg - 83 600

Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with Industrial vessel 4000 l volume with two welded seamstwo welded seams

Working temperature, °C 0 - 400Working temperature, °C 0 - 400

Working pressure, MPa - 70Working pressure, MPa - 70

Ratio of inner diameter to working Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:9space height - 1:9

Weight, kg - 62 300Weight, kg - 62 300

Industrial solid-forged vessel, 3500 l Industrial solid-forged vessel, 3500 l volumevolume

Working temperature, °C 0-400Working temperature, °C 0-400

Working pressure, MРa - 120Working pressure, MРa - 120

Ratio of inner diameter to Ratio of inner diameter to working space height - 1:13working space height - 1:13

Weight, kg - 55 000 Weight, kg - 55 000

200-liter vessel-lining inside a 1000 L 200-liter vessel-lining inside a 1000 L vesselvessel

The floating vessel - liner The floating vessel - liner from of corrosion-proof alloy from of corrosion-proof alloy in capacity of 200 litres is in in capacity of 200 litres is in a vessel of a high pressurea vessel of a high pressure

525 liter vessel-lining inside a 525 liter vessel-lining inside a 1500 L vessel1500 L vessel

The floating vessel - liner The floating vessel - liner from of corrosion-proof alloy from of corrosion-proof alloy in capacity of 525 litres is in in capacity of 525 litres is in a vessel of a high pressurea vessel of a high pressure

Self-sealing gate with double conic Self-sealing gate with double conic sealingsealing

For industrial vessel more 1000 l volume

Self-sealing gate of Ude-Self-sealing gate of Ude-Bretschneider typeBretschneider type

For industrial vessel more 1000 l volume

Gate with forced sealing Gate with forced sealing

For laboratory vessel up to 1.0 l volume

Manufacture of high pressure Manufacture of high pressure vessels for Tainan plantvessels for Tainan plant

High pressure vessels with volume 3500 l High pressure vessels with volume 3500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy.in Izhorskiy.

High pressure vessels with volume 1500 l High pressure vessels with volume 1500 l (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS (15 pcs.) were manufactured by VNIISIMS in Izhorskiy.in Izhorskiy.

Centering of metal packing ~120 Centering of metal packing ~120 tonnes weighttonnes weight

Rough processing of the packingRough processing of the packing

Preliminary processing of the Preliminary processing of the vesselvessel

Vessel cover preparationVessel cover preparation

Assembled high pressure vesselAssembled high pressure vessel

Transportation of vessels to Tainan Transportation of vessels to Tainan plantplant

On the truck platformOn the truck platform

Installation of the vessels in Tainan Installation of the vessels in Tainan plant (Taiwan)plant (Taiwan)

Lifting of the vesselLifting of the vessel

Installation on growing siteInstallation on growing site

ConclusionConclusion VNIISIMS HAS DESIGNED THE VNIISIMS HAS DESIGNED THE

CONSTRUCTIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE CONSTRUCTIONS OF HIGH PRESSURE VESSELS WITH VOLUME FROM 0.014 ML VESSELS WITH VOLUME FROM 0.014 ML TO 4000 L WORKING AT TEMPERATURES TO 4000 L WORKING AT TEMPERATURES UP TO 600 °C AND INNER PRESSURE UP TO UP TO 600 °C AND INNER PRESSURE UP TO 200 MPA200 MPA

VNIISIMS CAN DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE VNIISIMS CAN DEVELOP, MANUFACTURE AND INSTALL ANALOGOUS EQUIPMENT AND INSTALL ANALOGOUS EQUIPMENT WITH CUSTOM-MADE PARAMETERS OF WITH CUSTOM-MADE PARAMETERS OF EXPLOITATIONEXPLOITATION