EPNES MeetingEPNES Meeting

February 4, 2003February 4, 2003

PSpice Simulation of Series and Parallel PSpice Simulation of Series and Parallel

SwitchesSwitches Simulation ObjectivesSimulation Objectives

Create M x N matrix of switches and transient Create M x N matrix of switches and transient protection circuitsprotection circuits

Evaluate and test different methods of Evaluate and test different methods of interconnecting the parallel stringsinterconnecting the parallel stringsDesign switch and snubber circuitsDesign switch and snubber circuitsLoad modelingLoad modelingConstruct a robust system to simulate errors in Construct a robust system to simulate errors in

component values and asynchronous component values and asynchronous switchingswitchingBuild hierarchical blocks to provide easy Build hierarchical blocks to provide easy manipulation of switchesmanipulation of switches

Connection MethodsConnection Methods

M x N switch matrix with RCD voltage snubbersM x N switch matrix with RCD voltage snubbers

Connection MethodsConnection Methods

Isolated String Isolated String Cross Bridge Cross Bridge

Switch and Snubber DesignSwitch and Snubber Design

Switching specifications:Switching specifications: On-State Resistance:On-State Resistance: .4 ohms.4 ohms Off-State Resistance: Off-State Resistance: 100 Meg- ohms100 Meg- ohms Operating Voltage:Operating Voltage: 1.9v1.9v Release Voltage: Release Voltage: .7V.7V Turn-on Time:Turn-on Time: 1ms1ms Turn-off Time:Turn-off Time: .2ms.2ms

Switch and Snubber DesignSwitch and Snubber Design

Turn-off Snubber Turn-off Snubber Turn-on SnubberTurn-on Snubber

Load ModelingLoad Modeling Load Specifications:Load Specifications:

400 Vdc supply400 Vdc supply 10,000 watt load10,000 watt load

Method 1:Method 1: Assume RL load with a Assume RL load with a

power factor of 86% power factor of 86% lagging.lagging.

Method 2:Method 2: Construct a 10kW Construct a 10kW

constant-power steady-constant-power steady-state loadstate load RL loadRL load

Constant-Power LoadConstant-Power Load

Hierarchical Block ConstructionHierarchical Block Construction

Hierarchical Block ConstructionHierarchical Block Construction

Hierarchical Block ConstructionHierarchical Block Construction

Hierarchical Block ConstructionHierarchical Block Construction

Hierarchical Block ConstructionHierarchical Block Construction

Hierarchical Block ConstructionHierarchical Block Construction

4x64 Switch Cross Bridge Simulation:4x64 Switch Cross Bridge Simulation:Synchronized switchingSynchronized switching

4x64 Switch Cross Bridge Simulation:4x64 Switch Cross Bridge Simulation:Asynchronized switchingAsynchronized switching

4x64 Switch Cross Bridge Simulation:4x64 Switch Cross Bridge Simulation:Asynchronized switchingAsynchronized switchingParallel Switch CurrentsParallel Switch Currents

4x64 Switch Isolated String Simulation:4x64 Switch Isolated String Simulation:Synchronized switchingSynchronized switching

4x64 Switch Isolated String Simulation:4x64 Switch Isolated String Simulation:Asynchronized switchingAsynchronized switching

Future GoalsFuture Goals

Verify simulated systems (on a smaller Verify simulated systems (on a smaller scale) with actual experimental datascale) with actual experimental data

Source impedance modelingSource impedance modeling Finalize load modelFinalize load model Analysis of system during switch failureAnalysis of system during switch failure Analytical model of system behaviorAnalytical model of system behavior

ReferencesReferences

H. A. C. Tilmans, E. Fullin, H. Ziad, “A fully-packaged electro-H. A. C. Tilmans, E. Fullin, H. Ziad, “A fully-packaged electro-magnetic microrelay,” magnetic microrelay,” www.csem.ch/detailed/pdf/c_mems99.pdfwww.csem.ch/detailed/pdf/c_mems99.pdf

N. Mohan, T. Undeland, W. Robbins, N. Mohan, T. Undeland, W. Robbins, Power Electronics,Power Electronics, John Wiley John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1995.and Sons, New York, 1995.