EntomologyEntomology

BY:

DR: NAJEEB MEMON

Wingless Insects

• More than 750,000 species of insects worldwide.

. Approximately 10,000 species of insects are harmful to humans.

Arthropods of Medical Importance Arthropods of Medical Importance Winged InsectsWinged Insects

Wingless InsectsWingless Insects

CLASS ARTHROPODS Characteristics Features

Body Division

Legs Antennae Wings Where Found

1,

Insecta

Mosquitoes

Flies

Human Lice

Fleas

Louse

Head

Thorax

Abdomen

3 Pairs 1 Pair 1 or 2 pairs

Some are wingless

On Land

2, Arachnida

Ticks

(Soft, Hard)

Mites

Cephalothorax & Abd:

(No division

In some cases)

4 Pairs None None On Land

3, Crustacea

Cyclops Cephalothorax & Abd:

5 Pairs 2 Pairs None In Water

4,Chilopoda

WINGES WINGLESSWINGES WINGLESS

WINGES WINGLESS

1. Mosquito (C.M) 1. Flea (Xenopsylla Cheopis) (C.M)

2. Housefly (Musca Domestica) (C.M) 2. Louse (Pediculus humanis) (I.M)

3. Sand fly (Phlebotomus) (C.M) 3. Tick (I.M)

4. Tse Tse fly (Glossina) 4. Mites (Chiggers) (I.M)

5. Black fly 5. Red Bug (I.M)

6. Cockroach

7. Rudivid Bugs

Others:- Blue, Green flies

WINGED INSECTS

Sand fly

Tse Tse fly

Black fly

Cockroach

Rudivid Bugs

Ticks

Mites

Fleas

Red Bugs

WINGLESS INSECTS

Transmission of Arthropod borne diseasesTransmission of Arthropod borne diseases

TransmissionsTransmissions

Direct ContactFrom man to man

Scabiespediculosis

Direct ContactFrom man to man

Scabiespediculosis

MechanicalDiarrhea

DysenteryTyphoid

Trachoma

MechanicalDiarrhea

DysenteryTyphoid

Trachoma

BiologicalBiological

PropagativeOnly multiplication

No developmentalPlague bacilli in rat

FleaYellow f virus in Aedes mosq:

PropagativeOnly multiplication

No developmentalPlague bacilli in rat

FleaYellow f virus in Aedes mosq:

Cyclo propagativeMultiplicationdevelopmentalMalaria parasites in

mosquito

Cyclo propagativeMultiplicationdevelopmentalMalaria parasites in

mosquito

CyclodevelopmentalNo multiplication developmental

Filaria parasiteIn mosquito

Guinea worm embryo in cyclops

CyclodevelopmentalNo multiplication developmental

Filaria parasiteIn mosquito

Guinea worm embryo in cyclops

Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult

CHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULTCHANGE IN FORM FROM EGG TO ADULT

Complete MetamorphosisComplete Metamorphosis

Egg - Larvae- Pupae- Adult

E.g:- Mosquito, Fly, Flea

Complete Metamorphosis

Incomplete Metamorphosis Incomplete Metamorphosis

E.g:- Louse, Ticks

Egg- nymph- adult

IncompleteIncompleteINCOMPLETEINCOMPLETE

METAMORPHOUSMETAMORPHOUS

Insects change shape gradually!

Why study of this is important?Why study of this is important?1 Mosquito Malaria, Filaria, JE, Dengue Fever, Yellow Fever

Chikungunya

2 Housefly Typhoid, Cholera, Diarrhea & Dysentery, Poliomyelitis, Gastroenteritis, Trachoma, Amob:

3 Sand fly Kala- azar, Oriental sore, sand fly fever

4 Tse tse fly Sleeping sickness

5 Cockroaches Enteric pathogens

6 Black fly Onchocerciasis

7 Reduviid Bugs Chagas disease

8 Rat flea Bubonic Plague, Endemic typhus, chiggerosis

9 Louse Epidemic Typhus, Relapsing fever, trench fever

10

Tick (Hard ) Tick typhus, Viral hemorg: fever, tularemia

1112

Tick (Soft )Itch mite

Q fever, Relapsing feverScabies

Fleas (Gliding b/w hair & feathers of host)

Found in Holes, Fissures, Furniture.

(Complete Metamorphosis)

Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult

Types:

1. Rat fleas ( Xenopsylla Cheopis)

(Oriental)

2. Human fleas (Pulex irritants) – Cosmopolitan in distribution

3. Dog & Cat fleas (Ctenocephalus canis)

4. Sand fleas (Tunga penetrans)

Act as a Passive carrier of Pasterurella pestis responsible for Plague & Murine typhus

Diseases:

1. Bubonic Plague, 2. Endemic (Murine) typhus, 3. Chiggerosis 4. Tularemia (in Rodents) act as Intermediate host

Preventive Measures: 1. Hygienic control 2. Destroy Rats 3. Rats Proofing / Catch through nets/ use Jalis 4. Rats Sterile (Use chemicals ZnSo4 , DDT, Gammexane)

5. Rat Run Spray 6. Burry the rats 7. Check up of Pet animals (Dogs & Cats)

2. Louse (Pediculus humanis)

TYPES:

1.Head louse (Pediculus Capitus)2.Body Louse (Pediculus Coroporais)3.Pubic Louse (Phthirus Pubis)

Pediculosis: Louse infestation (Lousy Person)

DISEASES: Louse Born Typhus ( Epidemic Typhus) Rickettsia Rowazekii

Relapsing Fever Trench Fever (Rickettsia quantana) No infection there, only small breech in skin causing swelling / irritationThen louse burst.

Other says when scratching ----- burst the louse -----fluid touch with wound ------ infection is there.

Body louse

Very sensitive to heat Keep clothes to heat / boiling water.

Preventive Measures:

Keep the hair shortCombingManual removingHot bathAnti lice shampoo / soapsUse Coopex (Anti louse)

International Rules: (Health Regulation)For Afghanistan to Pak (in Winter Season)

DDT Dusting (Through Gun (DDT bag)----- burst----DDT Dusting (For controlling Louse & Typhus Fever)

Ironing of Cloth (Delouse).

Mite (Itch mite)Mite (Itch mite)Scabies

Burrows

Prev: Measures:1.Benzyl Benzoate2.Tetmosol3.Sulphur Ointment

TicksTicks

• Hard Tick:Tick typhus, tularemia Viral

fever,

Soft Tick: Q fever,

Relapsing fever

Types: Hard Tick Soft Tick

Preventive Measures:1. Insecticidal Control (DDT, Lindane)2. Env: Control: Paths should be filled up3. Protective clothes (With repellent, Indalone

Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control

• 1. ENVIRONMENTAL

• 2. CHEMICAL

• 3. BIOLOGICAL

• 4. GENETIC

• 5. NEWER METHODS

Principles Of Arthropod ControlPrinciples Of Arthropod Control

1. Environmental Control• Elimination of breeding places

• Filling & Drainage operation

• Proper disposal of refuse & water management

• Health education & cleanliness in & around homes

2. Chemical control:• BY insecticides like DDT

3. Biological Control:• Use of Larvi vorous fish

4. Genetic Control:• Sterile male technique

• Chromosomal translocations

• Cytoplasmic incompatibility

5. Newer Methods:• Insect growth regulators

• Sex attractants or Pheromones

• Chemosterilants

Malaria ControlMalaria Control 1. Environmental ControlElimination of breeding placesFilling & Drainage operationProper disposal of refuse & water managementHealth education & cleanliness in & around homes

2. Chemical Control2. Chemical Control

3. Biological Control3. Biological Control

By Larvi vorous Fish

4. Genetic Control:4. Genetic Control:

• Sterile male technique ( Reproduction)

• Chromosomal translocations ( Breaking down of chromosomes )

• Cytoplasmic incompatibility (Sperms , egg unable to form viable offsprings)

5. Newer Methods5. Newer Methods

• Insect growth regulator

(Adulticide)

Chemosterilants ( chemical compound causes reproductive

sterility )