Post on 13-Jun-2015
description
Enhancing the Digital Public Domain: With and Without Copyright Reform
Leonhard DobuschFreie Universität Berlin – School of Business & Economics
June 07, 2012
Digital technology is not the problem.
We do have problems with copyrights
Addressing copyright problems
Digital technology is not the problem.
Anything that is in the world when you’re born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works.
Anything that’s invented between when you’re fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it.
Anything invented after you’re thirty-fiveis against the natural order of things.
“
”Douglas Adams: „The Salmon of Doubt“
A tuneless future is the writing on the wall. If today and tomorrow the music industry is not able to solve its economic problems, the day after tomorrow, in spite of all the super-technologies, there would be hardly any music left that could be copied.
“
”
Taken from: DER SPIEGEL, 17/1977
Anti-copyright infringement campaign by the British Phonographic Industry in 1980 Bild
: http
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Video: Copy Kills Music
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sJ5a4484NEo
+ 30%
+ 50%
+ 66%
Oberholzer-Gee/Strumpf (2010): File-Sharing and Copyright, Online: http://musicbusinessresearch.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/paper-felix-oberholzer-gee.pdf
New feature films per year (2003-2007)
New music albums per year (2000-2007)
New books per year (2002-2007)
Bild: http://www.techdirt.com/skyisrising/
UK Musikindustrie, Quelle: Times Online, http://bit.ly/4v8pKl
Labels
Collecting societies
Artists
live revenue
record sales/downloads
(record sales/downloads)
We do have problems with copyrights
Kretschmer/Hardwick (2007): Authors‘ Earnings from Copyright and Non-Copyright Sources: A Survey of 25,000 British and German Writers, Online: http://www.cippm.org.uk/alcs_study.html
Make a living with writing?
Professional writers (>50% of time to writing) in UK and Germany
40%
60%
Could live from writing aloneNeed another job to survive
Kretschmer/Hardwick (2007): Authors‘ Earnings from Copyright and Non-Copyright Sources: A Survey of 25,000 British and German Writers, Online: http://www.cippm.org.uk/alcs_study.html
0
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
ALCS/VG Wort Writing income Total income of writers All employees
0,31
0,43
0,52
0,67
0,33
0,47
0,63
0,78UKGermany
Unequal distribution of income(1 = one person earns everything)
Equal distribution of income(0 = all earn the same)
Importance of copyright for income
[T]he more copyright related the income stream, the more extreme is the distribution of income.
A small number of very high earners earn a disproportionate share of total income.
“
”Kretschmer/Hardwick (2007): Authors‘ Earnings from Copyright and Non-Copyright Sources: A Survey of 25,000 British and German Writers, Online: http://www.cippm.org.uk/alcs_study.html, p. 64
Problems beyond distribution and
income?
1970s: Violate copyrights!
2000s: Don‘t violate copyrights!
Example: Transformative Consumption
Im Hintergrund: Prince - Let‘s Go Crazy
Transformative Werknutzung
Video: Holden Lenz Dancing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N1KfJHFWlhQ
Example: Amateur Art
Video: O Fortuna Misheard Lyrics
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIwrgAnx6Q8
>70 Millionen Views auf YouTube
Song „Forever“ von Chris Brown:Durch Video Wiedereinstieg in die Charts
Video: JK‘s Wedding Entrance Dance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-94JhLEiN0
Example: Orphan Works
Bild: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Old_book_-_Basking_Ridge_Historical_Society_(1).jpg
After ten years the huge majority of works is no longer commercially exploitable.
100% of works are still protected by copyright for decades to come.
The Missing 20th Century
New Books from Amazon by Decade (Random sample of 2.500 books)
Quelle:http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/03/the-missing-20th-century-how-copyright-protection-makes-books-vanish/255282/
Bild: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ektachrome-_and_Bell_%26_Howell-brand_film_reel_canisters.jpg
Orphan (documentary) filmsrot in archives.
Addressing copyright problems
(1) Copyright Reform
„Fair Use“
USA: remix & transformative consumption are mostly legal
Europe: list of exceptions and limitations
Open up this list!
Work register
on the European level
Bild: http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Schlagwortkatalog.jpg
with a use-it-or-lose-it-clause
(2) Without Copyright Reform
Support & Demand
©All rights reserved Some rights reserved
Copyright Creative Commons
Attribution ShareAlike NonCommercial No Derivatives
CREATIVE COMMONS
Share & remix without asking
Support:
New guidelines for (cultural) subsidies
+10% CC Bonus
Support:
New business models
Funding in 2012: $ 150 million
Demand:
Open Access in Science
Demand:
Open Educational Resources
Open Access
Open Licenses
Open Formats
“Imagine a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge.”
§ Aigrain (2012): Sharing: Culture and the Economy in the Internet Age. Amsterdam University Press, online: http://www.sharing-thebook.com § Dobusch (2010): Bad for Artists? On Digitization, Remuneration and Copyright, online: http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2011-07-01-dobusch-en.html
§ Benkler (2006): The Wealth of Networks. Yale University Press, online: http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks.pdf
§ Lessig (2003): Free Culture. Penguin, online: http://www.free-culture.cc/freeculture.pdf
Further Reading (Online & Offline):
Contact details
E-Mail: Leonhard.Dobusch@fu-berlin.de
Twitter:@leonidobusch
Homepages:http://bit.ly/FU-Dobusch (Freie Universität Berlin)http://www.dobusch.net
Blog:http://www.governancexborders.com