Mr. McCaskill

The English Monarchy and Civil War

http://vimeo.com/50494546

VIDEO

What is Parliament?Parliament is the government.In the United States, we have Senators and Congressmen that we vote for.

Parliament is basically the same thing as our Senators/Congress!

First and foremost

During her reign, Queen Elizabeth I of England had frequent conflicts with Parliament.

Many of the arguments were over money.

The struggle between Parliament and the monarchy would have serious consequences for England.

Setting the Stage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVMj_bwQQ3Q

THE TUDORS

Elizabeth had no child, and her nearest relative was her cousin, James Stuart.

Already king of Scotland, James Stuart became King James I of England in 1603.

James inherited the unsettled issues of Elizabeth’s time in power.

His worst struggles were over money.

King James I

In 1625, James I died.Charles I, his son, took the throne.Charles always needed money because he was always at war.Mainly with Spain and France

However, much like Queen Elizabeth I, it was never a good idea to talk back to the king!

Charles I Fights Parliament

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXgr8L2suUY

Don’t talk bad about King Charles!

By 1628 Charles was forced to call Parliament.

Parliament refused to grant him any money until he signed a document known as the Petition of Right.

In this petition the king agreed to four major points.

Parliament and the petition

He would not imprison subjects without due cause.

He would not create taxes without Parliament’s consent.

He would not house soldiers in private homes.

He would not impose martial law in peacetime.

A few rules…

The petition was an important because the law was now higher than the king.

After agreeing to the petition and receiving money from Parliament, the king ignored the petition.

To get money later, he imposed all kinds of fees and fines on the English people.

His popularity quickly decreased.

Charles I Fights Parliament

Eventually rebellions threatened to end the English monarchy.

To end this danger, Charles needed money.Money he could only get by calling Parliament.

This gave Parliament a chance to oppose him!

Charles Calls Parliament

During the Fall of 1641, Parliament passes laws to limit royal power.

Charles tried to arrest members of Parliament in January 1642, but many of them escaped.

A mob of Londoners planned to kill the king.

Charles fled London and raised an army in the north of England, where people were loyal to him.

Limitations from Parliament

English Civil WarRoyalistKing Charles IMonarchyWe like to partay!!!!

PuritansOliver CromwellPuritans (Pure

Christians)We like to pray-

ayyye!

From 1642-1649 supporters of King Charles fought the English Civil War.

At first neither side could gain a lasting advantage.

However, by 1644 the Puritans (the ones who opposed King Charles) found a general named Oliver Cromwell.

The tide quickly turned and in 1647 they held the king prisoner.

English Civil War

English Civil War Map

In 1649, Parliament brought Charles to trial for treason.The crime of betraying one’s country

They found him GUILTY!

English Civil War cont.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPmSR--BktEPoor King Charles I

The execution of King Charles I was revolutionary.

Never before had a reigning monarch faced a public trial and execution.

This ended monarchies in England… or so everyone thought.

Poor King Charles I

Following the death of King Charles, Cromwell took control of England.

In England, Cromwell and the Puritans sought to reform society.

Laws were made that stopped activities he found sinful.

Cromwell’s Rule

EXAMPLES OF SINS

Oliver Cromwell ruled until his death in 1658.

People were sick of the laws and rules set by the Puritans and Cromwell.

Parliament voted to ask the older son of Charles I to rule England.

Restoration and Revolution

http://vimeo.com/50491299

CROMWELL LAWS

When Prince Charles entered London in 1660, crowds shouted joyfully and bells rang.

This marked the beginning of Charles II reign.

This is known as the Restoration because he restored the monarchy.

Charles II Reigns

During Charles II’s reign, Parliament passed an important guarantee of freedom.

Habeas Corpus- this law gave every prisoner the right to obtain a document to specify the charges against them.

Because of habeas corpus, a monarch could not put someone in jail simply for opposing the ruler.

Habeas Corpus

People loved King Charles II more than Cromwell.

He supported Parliament and brought back all the aspects of life that people enjoyed (sports, theatre, partying, etc.)

The restoration of the monarchy was a huge success under King Charles II.

King Charles II is loved

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2Y0oaq1sdM

King Charles II

After Charles II and James II (the king who followed Charles II) died, William and Mary take over England.

William and Mary vowed to recognize Parliament as their partner in government.

England had now become a constitutional monarchy.

Constitutional Monarchy- Where laws limited the king and queen’s power.

Parliament could not rule without the king and the king could not rule without Parliament.

Fast Forward the Story…

King Charles II

King William and

Queen Mary

King James II