Post on 14-Apr-2018
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
1/22
ENG 11 (EXPLORING RESEARCH)
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
2/22
GETTING ACQUAINTED WITHRESEARCH
Is a process of posing a research problem, gatheringinformation, determining relationships, and writing the paper.
Includes library research, interviews, surveys, experiments, or
combination of any two or more methods.
Identifies problems, compares solutions, and offers betteroptions.
Hones critical reading and writing as well as problem-solving
skills.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
3/22
UNDERSTANDING THE REQUIRED
PAPER
Your research paper synthesizes your discoveries about a topic andyour judgment, interview interpretation, and evaluation of thosediscoveries
It is a NOT of an article or a book.
It is a NOT series of quotations from different sources.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
4/22
RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS
Topicgroups choice
Group work research paper assignment
Descriptive type of paper
10 15 pages - length
Format: Title Page
Thesis Statement + Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
References
APA (Manual of American Psychological Association) documentation style
Font size 12 or 14 Font style Times New Roman, Arial, Courier
Double - spacing
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
5/22
STEPS IN PREPARING A RESEARCHPAPER
1. Choosing an appropriate topic
A topic that is close to yourinterests and experiences
Check availability of materials orresources on your chosen topic
Consider the length of the reportand the length of time needed tocomplete the report
Find a topic of novelty (newnessor strangeness)
Know your audience/readers
1.1 Defining and narrowing down atopic
The shorter the report, thenarrower the topic should be
Define major terms or concepts Focus on one main idea or event
Read articles on the topic tobecome familiar with it
Ask yourself a series of questions
to delimit the topic
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
6/22
NARROWING A TOPIC
After choosing a topic for the research, you should examine whether thetopic chosen is quite broad or narrow. One method of narrowing downyour topic to a workable topic is the funneling method. From the general
topic, it flows downward through the funnel until it is narrowed down toa workable topic.
Ecology
The abuse of the environment
Pollutants and pollution
Effects on the ozone layer
The greenhouse effect
Global warming
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
7/22
Example 1.
Broad Topic: EnvironmentalAwareness
Narrower Topic: EnvironmentalAwareness of Students
Narrowest Topic: EnvironmentalAwareness of the Mapuans in theMonitoring System Activities ofMapua Institute of Technology.
Example 2.
Broad Topic: Nuclear Power
Narrower Topic: Nuclear Poweris once again being consideredan alternative to Coal and Oil
Narrowest: Nuclear Advocatesargue that only Nuclear Powercan ease Acid Rain, Global
Warming, and other threatsposed by the heavy use of fossilfuels.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
8/22
Thesis Statement is themain idea of your paper. It isthe one sentence that provides
the controlling idea. Look at itas an umbrella sentence thatcovers all the main points youwill discuss in your paper.
Thesis statementformulation:
Think of the following equation as
a guide to help you come upwith a thesis statement.THESIS = SPECIFIC TOPIC +SPECIFIC CLAIM
Example:
Specific topic: the use of graphicvideos in TV news program
Specific claim: can have a negativeeffect
Thesis = The use of graphic videosin TV news programs can have anegative effect on young
viewers.Thesis = TV news programs that
show graphic videos affectyoung viewers in a negativeway.
Remember: The thesis statementshould provide a single line offocus.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
9/22
Another way to formulate a thesis statement is to state it as aclaim. Examples:
Claims of definition We need to define sex educationbefore we discuss whether it should be implemented inschools. Required support: Quote authorities, comparisonand contrast, formal and extended definition
Claims of cause What are the causes? effects?
Youth organizations are powerful catalysts of change in the
country. Required support: Facts or statistics, induction ordeduction, cause-effect organization
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
10/22
Claims of value Is it good or bad? What are the criteriathat I can use to evaluate it merit or demerit? Using bio fuelis one of the most practical solutions to air pollution in thecountry.
Required support: Appeal to the audiences values, quotationsfrom authorities, claim-reason pattern
Claims of policy What should we do? How can we solvethis problem? Companies should reduce the production ofgoods that are difficult to recycle.
Required support: Statistics, authorities as proof, problem-solution pattern
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
11/22
PREPARING A TENTATIVE OUTLINE
An outline is the organization pattern/plan of your paper. If it will be
compared to a human body, the outline is the skeleton.
Introduction + Body+ Conclusion Format
1. Introduction1.1 Background
1.2 Thesis statement
1.3 Statement of the problem
1.4 Importance of the study
1.5 Scope and limitation of the study
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
12/22
2. Body2.1 Major support 1
2.1.1 Minor support2.1.2 Minor support
2.1.3 Minor support
2.2 Major support 2
2.2.1 Minor support2.2.2 Minor support
2.3 Major support 3
2.3.1 Minor support
2.3.2 Minor support
3. Conclusion
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
13/22
GENERAL RULES
An outline generally has two kinds: topic andsentence. In an
outline, ideas are arranged logically, according to importance,and through a system of designation and indentations. Followthese simple rules:
1. For Roman numerals/letters, numbers and letters alternate
a. Main topics are shown by Roman numerals (I, II, III)b. Sub topics under Roman numerals are presented by capital
letters (A, B, C)
c. Details under capital letters are shown by Arabic numbers (1, 2,
3)d. Details under Arabic numbers are shown by small letters (a, b,
c)
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
14/22
e. Details under small letters are shown by Arabic numbers in parentheses,without a period ( (1), (2), (3))
f. Details under Arabic numbers in parentheses are shown by small lettersin parentheses, without a period ((a), (b), (c))
2. The first letter of each point must be capitalized.
3. Any point must have at least two sub points.
4. Use either the sentence or phrase (topic/words) for each point. Do notmix the two in an outline.
5. Be consistent also of the form since you can use between the Romannumerals/letters and decimal.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
15/22
Example: TENTATIVE OUTLINE
Topic: Stereotypes of Mapuans among other
students in Intramuros.
1. Stereotypes is commonly known as public beliefabout a certain group or an individual.
1.1 Stereotypes can greatly affect the confidence ofMapuans.
1.2 Students from other institutions in Intramuros
stereotype Mapuans.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
16/22
1.3 Mapuans need not be stereotyped instead emphasizedthe relationship between peer -to -peer communicationamong other students.
1.4 Students from Mapua Institute of Technology will bethe respondents as well as students from otherinstitutions but limited to Intramuros Manila.
2. The descriptive interview approach was used to gatherdata as well as some related literature and studies tosupport the facts gathered.
2.1 Fuller (2011), coined the term Stereotypes as images ofwhat a certain type of person is or does .
2.2 According to Polandaya greediness can be a source ofstereotyping, and it is the most renowned form ofdiscrimination (2013).
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
17/22
2.3 Thus, stereotyping can be humorous in nature but cangive a negative feedback toward the stereotyped ones.
3. To conclude, the research can integrate the gathered data
to the social status of Mapuans on how to deal withstereotypes from other institutes in Intramuros, Manila.3.1 As a summary, stereotyping is the most common form of
racism because of the untrue assumptions that have beeninflicted to the stereotyped ones.
3.2 The researchers recommend this paper to the Mapuansas well as to other students from other institutions onhow to deal with stereotypes being coined to Mapuans .
3.3 Moreover, to cope with the Mapua environment and the
other institutions environment to achieve both theirgoals and to succeed in whatever endeavor Mapuanswant to pursue.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
18/22
CONDUCTING AN INTERVIEW
An interview is a purposive
face-to-face encounter
usually between two people
in order to exchange
information.
Three stages of interview:
1. Pre-interview stage
1.1 Determine the purpose of your
interview1.2 Research the topic
1.3 Choose your interviewee
1.4 Prepare for the interview
1.5 Prepare an interview guide
2. The interview proper
2.1 Opening establish rapport, set
the foundation for the interview
2.2 Body main part of theinterview where you can ask
questions.
2.3 Closing leave the interview
with a positive feeling
3. The post interview
3.1 Arrange a follow-up session, if
needed.
3.2 Prepare the interview report.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
19/22
TYPES OF QUESTIONS
1. Open- aspects within the same topic.An example: What makes digital
photography fascinating for
you?
4. Secondary these serve tohelp the interview elaborate
on responses that did not
provide clear or complete
information. Example: Imnot sure I understand what
you mean by esoteric.
1. Open-endedthese are
broad questions usually
about one topic. For
example: How did you get
started in this business?2. Close-ended these
questions call for restricted
responses. Example: Do
you come from a bigfamily?
3. Primary these are
questions that introduce
new topics or other
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
20/22
5. Neutralthese are
questions that ask for
simple clear-cut answers.
For example: What is it
like to be the first woman
president of this company
in a field dominated by
men?6. Leading these questions
are the types that direct
the interviewee to an
expected response. Yougenerally would not ask
this type of question. An
exampleis Arent you a
big fan of telenovelas!
7. Loadedthese questions
imply some negative aspect
regarding the interviewee thus,
are highly inappropriate. These
questions should be avoided.
Example: How can you stand a
bunch of idiots?
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
21/22
WRITING AN INTERVIEW REPORT
You can organize your
interview report in the same
way you conducted the
interview have an opening, a
body and a closing.
The opening should capture the
interest of your intended
audience. How can you
introduce your
topic/interviewee in a way that
will grab the attention of your
audience? What is the central
theme of the interview?
1. Begin with a brief
background about the
interview situation (when?
where? why?) and the
interviewee(who?).
2. The body of the interviewreport should focus on the
main discussion of the
heart of the interview. If
the interviewee said
something particularly
striking, use the quotation,
taking care that it is
accurate.
7/27/2019 Eng 11 (Exploring Research)
22/22
2.1 Outline the main points
discussed during the
interview.2.2 Paraphrase important
ideas.
2.3 Provide flavor by using
direct quotations.
2.4 Ensure that the flow of
ideas runs smoothly by
incorporating transitions.
3. The closing should
reinforce the highlights ofthe interview.
3.1 Summarize key points.
3.2 Reiterate the central
message.
3.3 If available, close with an
appropriate quote from the
interviewee.