ENDANGERED EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

Saša Pagon

Vesna Taljat

Bojana Veršič

EUSKARA, THE LANGUAGE OF THE BASQUE PEOPLE

• it is not an Indoeuropean language shows no resemblance to languages in neighbouring countries

• WHERE DOES THE LANGUAGE COME FROM?– could be related to languages from the

Caucasus similarities with the Georgian language

– related to a non-Arabic languages from the north of Africa

– developed "in situ", in the land of the primitive Basques.

• very old language

• the Basque language has taken up words from Latin, Castilian, French, Celtic and Arabic

• some words in the Castilian,French and English come from the Basque language

• rural communities have kept the language alive

•before Roman times the Basque language was spoken in an area larger than the present one

•nowadays more than 600,000 people speak Basque in the seven historic Basque provinces: Lapurdi, Zuberoa and Behenafarroa (in France), and Gipuzkoa, Bizcaia, Araba and Navarre (in Spain)

•there are 520,000 Basque speaking people in the Basque provinces in Spain, that is 25% of their total population.

Things have not been easy for the Basque language:

- competition with two powerful neighbouring languages: Castilian and French

- Basque was a forbidden language during the dictatorship

- children had to study in an unfamiliar language and were punished when they spoke in Basque

- "ikastolas" an important movement to open up Basque schools

SPANISH.......... BASQUE.............ENGLISH

Por favor...........Mesedez................ Please

Perdón!............Barkatu!...................Sorry!

Gracias....Mila esker, eskerrik asko....Thank you

Qué tal?.........Zer moduz?.......... How are you?

Buenos días.........Egun on............ Good morning

Komuna...............WC.......................Toilets

Zinema................Cine .................. Cinema

EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ARE DIVIDED INTO SIX CATEGORIES:

1. extinct languages other than ancient ones2. nearly extinct languages 3. seriously endangered language 4. endangered language 5. potentially endangered language 6. not endangered language

Extinct languages• 1.  Kemi Sámi • 2.  Southern Mansi • 3.  Polabian • 4.  Slovincian • 5.  (Old) Prussian • 6.  Norn • 7.  Gothic • 8.  Manx Gaelic • 9.  Cornish • 10. Mozarabic • 11. Shuadit (Judeo-Provençal) • 12. Zarphatic (Judeo-French) • 13. Dalmatian

Nearly extinct languages

• 1.   Ume Sámi • 2.   Pite Sámi • 3.   Akkala Sámi • 4.   Ter Sámi • 5.   Livonian • 6.    Votian • 7.    Italkian (Judeo-Italian) • 8.    Yevanic (Judeo-Greek) • 9. Krimchak (Judeo-Crimean Tatar)

Seriously endangered languages• 1.   South Sámi • 2.   Lule Sámi • 3.   Inari Sámi • 4.   Skolt Sámi • 5.   Kildin Sámi • 6.   Ingrian • 7.   Ludian • 8.   Vepsian • 9.  Western Mari • 10.  Kashubian (proper) Molise Croatian • 11.  Eastern Frisian • 12.  Northern Frisian • 13.  Yiddish (Judeo-German) • 14.  Breton•  

• 14.    Leonese • 15.    Ladino (Judeo-Spanish) • 16.    Languedocien • 17.    Auvergnat • 18.    Limousin Channel, Island French

19.    Istriot • 20.    Istro-Romanian • 21.    Meglenitic: Arvanitika, Albanian

22.    Tsakonian: Italiot Greek, Pontic Greek 23.    Karaim

• 24.    Crimean Tatar • 25.    Cypriot Arabic

CONCLUSION

UNO A UNO, TODOS SOMOS MORTALES, JUNTOS SOMOS ETERNOS.

AS INDIVIDUALS, WE ARE MORTAL, BUT TOGETHER WE MAKE ETERNITY.