In Pennsylvania

Consumption has been the fastest cause of removal.The more people want, the more people who have it will g ive. If its in high demand,

people are willing to pay more. People who see profit and don’t have it will try to gain access to it, even if it means killing off millions upon billions of help-less lives to get it.

Trees for building and burning are cut at faster rates as the demand to house more families increases. Everyone wants space, to be different, to have bigger and better.

M ore people mean more mouths to feed, meaning more crops to plant, more fertilizer to use, more machines made, more forests cut..etc.

M ore people means a higher need for medicine, meaning more money into research, more test animals used, more waste produced..etc.

People take without concern for other beings, even those in their backyard.

Both AIR and WATER Pollution effect the health and normal functionsOf all species.

Fumes from household cleaning supplies, car exhaust, factories, nuclear plants, cigarettes and other harmful gases cause respiratory problems.

Pesticide, herbicide, Nitrates, and fertilizer runoff flow into streams ending up in larger and all bodies of water. Oil tankers, boaters and other water pollutant emitters effect fish and ultimately all that need water.

http://awearnessblog.com/mandar_sengupta/2008/04/http://www.flickr.com/photos/lenaah/2239440631

Habitat destruction is one of the biggest and most immediate threats to the numbers in species.

Bulldozers make leveling fast and easy.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/7498782@N05/454604243/

A system that combines elements of freshwater and dry

land.

A L S O KNOWN A S :•Freshwater marshes• S wamps• B ogs

http://www.flickr.com/photos/scilit/2790748831

They clean the water Recharge water supplies Reduce flood risks Provide fish and wildlife habitat Recreational activities A esthetic benefits Hold commercial fishery benefits S ites for research and education

A mphibians are unique creatures that can live on land and in water.

Their skin must be moist and it literally breathes, so they are especially vulnerable to environmental contaminants .

Habitat destruction, disease, pollution, climate change, and other expanding human–related impacts have an entire class of the animal kingdom in serious decline.

During the 20th century amphibians were exclusively used for pregnancy tests.

A mphibians are currently undergoing the 6th largest extinction; following the dinosaurs.

Found along the river or by bodies of water.B reeding programs between 1980-1986 helped by hand rais ing and releasing 111 ospreys into NE Pennsylvania

Upon monitoring from 1982-1990, more than 30 of the released birds returned as adults.

B y 1990 the adults produced 49 young

A rate of 8-12 fledglings hatched per year

Habitat destruction and water pollution was

the cause for their declining numbers, pesticides

affected reproductive capabilities.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ozoni11/132352675/

B arn owls require open areas and cavities for nesting

B arn owls were rare throughout Pennsylvania before the removal of the primeval forests, which made way for open farm lands containing an array of rodents.

S hifting in agricultural practices are reducing rodent numbers and therefore reducing B arn Owl populations.

http://www.ardgrain.com/barn-owls

S mallest of the venomous snakes (20-30 inches) M ost hibernate(mid October) in water saturated areas, located 6-24 inches underground.

Crayfish burrows can be used to gain access to them. Require open fields and wet meadow habitats, with low lying saturated areas and drier ground

close-by. Dam building, highway construction, urbanization, forest succession, surface mining and

agricultural activity is the cause for their loss.

FOUND IN

NORTHWES TERN

PA

http://www.flickr.com/photos/michiganherper/3473844762

http://www.fish.state.pa.us/water/amprep/snake/northern_water/northern_watersnakex600.jpg

http://www.fish.state.pa.us/water/amprep/snake/black_rat/black3x350.jpg

http://www.fish.state.pa.us/water/amprep/snake/ringneck/northern_ringneckx500.jpg

http://www.fish.state.pa.us/water/amprep/snake/rattlesnake/timber_yello

w_phasex450.jpg

http://www.fish.state.pa.us/water/amprep/snake/rattlesnake/timber_black_phas

ex700.jpg

We live amongst them, that’s right, they were here first. We need them (ex. Pest control, medicine, for better

understanding of systems and individual roles..etc) A esthetic purposes (unique specimens have unique traits) They keep balance in the ecosystems that surround us. Much of our current technology is modeled off the

characteristics of nature.

WORK CITED“ B irds and mammals.” Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 1 Mar.

2009. <http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/wrcf/bandm.aspx>.

“ Endangered S pecies Program.” U.S . F ish and Wildlife S ervice. 11 March 2009. 16 Mar. 2009.

<http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/wrcf/bandm.aspx>.

“ Fish, A mphibians, and Reptiles.” F ishandboat.com. March 2009. Endangered and Threatened

S pecies of Pennsylvania. 1 Mar. 2009. <http://www.fishandboat.com/etspecies.htm>.

Garlicki, Laurel. “ On the Road to Extinction.” Commonwealth of Pennsylvania F ish and B oat

Commission. 1997-2009. 17 Mar. 2009.

<http://www.fishandboat.com/anglerboater/2000/janfeb2000/extinctt.htm>.

Jabonski, David. “ Extinct and Endangered S pecies.” Encyclopedia A mericana. 2009. Grolier

Online. 19 Mar. 2009. <http://www.fish.state.pa.us/endang1.htm>.

“ Threatened and Endangered S pecies.” Pennsylvania F ish and B oat Commission. 2009. 16 Mar.

2009. <http://www.fish.state.pa.us/endang1.htm>.

United S tates. A rmy. Environmental Command. “ A rmy’s Commitment to Endangered S pecies

Unparalleled.” 15 May 2008. 17 Mar. 2009.

<http://www.army.mil/-news/2008/05/15/9198-armys-commitment-to-endangered-species-unparalleled/index.html/>.

“ Wetlands.” U.S . Environmental Protection A gency. 12 Jan. 2009. Wetlands and Nature. 1 A pril

2009. <http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/vital/nature.html/>.

IMA GESOzoni11. Osprey S urfacing with Fish. 21 A pril 2006. flickr.com. 2009. Y ahoo! Inc. 04

May 2009. <www.flickr.com/photos/ozoni11/131485421/>.

S cilit. A Florida Wetland. 23 A pril 2008. flickr.com. 2000. Y ahoo! Inc. 29 A pril 2009.

<www.flickr.com/photos/scilit/2790748831/>.

Lenaah. Pollution. 7 A pril 2008. flickr.com. 2009. Y ahoo! Inc. 29 A pril 2009.

<www.flickr.com/photos/lenaah/2239440631/>.

Michigan Herper. S istrurus catenatus (Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake). 25 A pril 2009.

flickr.com. 2009 Y ahoo! Inc. 04 May 2009.

<www.flickr.com/photos/michiganherper/3473844762/>.

S engupta, Mandar. Photo Finish: Mandar S engupta. A wearnessblog.com.7 A pril 2008. 4 A pril

2009. <http://www.awearnessblog.com/mandar_sungupta/2008/04/>.

A lso check out: <http://www.fish.state.pa.us/water/amprep/snake/00snake_photos.htm/>.

for more images on PA snakes.