PRESENTATION

OF ECONOMICS

EMPLOYMENT IN

INDIAGROWTH, INFORMALISATION AND

OTHER ISSUES : PROBLEMS AND POLICIES

Introduction & meaning of employment and worker

Nature of employment Informalisation of Indian workforce Employment in formal sector Employment in informal sector Meaning of unemployment and

underemployment Estimates and causes of unemployment in india Measures for the solution of unemployment

problem Govt measures for promoting employment

CONTENT

ALL THOSE PERSONS WHICH ARE ENGAGED IN

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ARE

KNOWN AS WORKERS

WHO ARE WORKERS ??????

WORKER POPULATION RATIO IN INDIA

2004 -2005

SEX TOTAL RURAL URBAN

MEN 50.3 48.8 51.9

WOMEN 17.6 21.6 13.3

TOTAL 33.8 35.2 32.3

MEN WOMEN0

10

20

30

40

50

60

TOTALRURALURBAN

EMPLOYMENT

It is a situation in which a person goes for work for a fixed period of time for a particular and gets salary in return

Seasonal employment

Disguished employment

NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT Nature of employment in india is

multi faceted. Some gets employment

throughout the year. Some are employed for only a

few months a year. Many workers do not get the fair

wages.

TYPES OF WORKERS

Self employed

Casual wage labourers

Regular salaried employees

YEAR SELF EMPLOYED

REGULAR EMPLOYEES

CASUALLABOURERS

1972-1973 61.4 15.4 23.2

1993-1994 54.6 13.6 31.2

1999-2000 52.6 14.6 32.8

TRENDS IN EMPLOYMENT PATTERN

(USUAL STATUS )

1972-73

1993-94

1999-2000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

SELF EMPLOYEDREGULARCASUAL LA-BORERS

TYPES OF WORKING SECTORS

Formal /

organised Sector

Informal /unorganised

sector

FEATURES OF INFORMAL SECTOR Do not get regular income. Do not have protection from the govt. Workers are dismissed without any

compensation. Workers of this sector mainly lives in

slum areas .

FEATURES OF FORMAL SECTOR Follows labour laws (protect the rights of

workers) Having fixed working hours Fixed salary Workforce from trade unions Medical leaves Future security Skills are required

DISTRIBUTION OF WORKFORCE BY INDUSTRY 1999-2000

INDUSTRIAL

CATEGORYRURAL URBAN MALE FEMALE

PRIMARY SECTOR

76.6 9.6 53.8 75.1

INDUSTRIALSECTOR

10.8 31.3 17.6 11.8

SERVICE SECTOR

12.5 59.1 28.6 13.1

TOTAL 100 100 100 100

PRIM

ARY

SECONDAR

Y

TERTI

ARY

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

FEMALEMALE URBANRURAL

CASUALISATION AND INFORMALISATION OF EMPLOYMENT

Casualisation refers to a situation when the percentage of casually-hired workers in the total workforce tends to rise over time

Informalisation refers to a situation when people tend to find employment more in informal sector of the economy, and less in formal sector of the economy.

UNEMPLOYMENT Unemployment refers to a situation where all able and willing persons may not find jobs or activities to provide them with means of living.

1992-97 8TH PLAN

1997-2000 9TH PLAN

2002-07 10TH PLAN

2007-12 11TH PLAN

23.3 34 35.5 35.0EMPLOYMENT

ESTIMATES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA (IN MILLIONS)

Chart Title

8th plan9th paln10th paln11th plan

Causes of Unemployment :1.Faulty employment planning.2.Emphasies on capital intensive projects.3.Excessive use of foreign technology.4.Lack of financial resources.5.Slow growth process of the country.6.Increase in labour force with rise in population.

TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

RURAL EMPLOYMENT

URBAN EMPLOYMENT

A. Rural Unemployment- It can be open unemployment, seasonal unemployment or disguised unemployment.

B. Urban Unemployment-It can be industrial unemployment , educated unemployment or technological unemployment .

Adverse Effects of Unemployment:1.Rise in poverty.2.Unemployment is depressing.3.Loss of human resources.4.Social unrest.Measures to Solve Unemployment Problem:1.Population Control.2.Reforms in education policy.3.Diversification of Farm Activities.4.Rapid Industrialisation.

NREGA(National Rural Employment Guarantee Act ) is a new scheme implemented by the government to provide employment to people living below poverty line.

This act was introduced with an aim of providing 100 days assured employment to the people below the poverty line.

Around one-third of the stipulated work force is women. The law was initially called the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) but was renamed on 2 October 2009

OBJECTIVE OF NREGA

Prepared by :HARJOT SINGH

APS UNCHI BASSI