EFFECTS OF CARBON BLACK AND SODIUM LIGNOSULFONATE IN EXPANDER ON CAPACITY OF LEAD ELECTRODE

Somsak MeenakornIntegrated Product Design and Manufacturing School of Energy, Environment and Materials, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi

Outline

Introduction Objective Methodology Results and Discussion Conclusion

Introduction

Traction Battery

Service Life

Active Materials

Expander

Capacity

Barium Sulfate

Lignosulfonate

Carbon Black

Structure of Traction Battery

Introduction (cont)

Structure of Carbon Black on the Electrical Conductivity

Low Structure High Structure

Objective

This study aims to study the effects of carbon black and sodium lignosulfonate in expander on capacity of lead electrode.

Methodology Materials

Batch Name Weight ratio

Barium sulfate Sodium lignosulfonate

Carbon black

XE8844 88 4 4

XE8864 88 6 4

XE8846 88 4 6

XE8866 88 6 6

XE8886 88 8 6

XE8868 88 6 8

XE8888 88 8 8

The designation of the prepared expander

Methodology (cont)

Testing Mixing Expander

Cyclic voltammetry

-Electrode : Pure lead

-Reference : Ag/AgCl

-Counter : Pt

-Electrolyte : Sulfuric acid

-Start potential (v) : -0.90

-Step potential (v/s) : 0.0024

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Results and Discussion

Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a)

XE8886, b) XE8866, c) XE8846 and d) HE115 (commercial expander)

Results and Discussion (cont) b

Barium sulfate

Lignosulfonate

Carbon black

100nm

Images from transmission electron microscope (TEM) of (a) HE115 and (b) XE8866

Results and Discussion (cont)

Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a)

XE8886, b) XE8866, c) XE8846 and d) HE115 (commercial expander)

Results and Discussion (cont)

Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a) XE8868, b) XE8866, c) XE8864 and d) HE115 (commercial expander).

Results and Discussion (cont)

Amount of charge of the anodic peak and number of cycles for a pure lead electrode in 1.25 g cm-3 density sulfuric acid containing 20 ppm of a) XE8888, b) XE8866, c) XE8844 and d) HE115 (commercial expander)

Conclusion

It was found that The results showed that carbon black and

sodium lignosulfonate enhances capacity and cycle chargeability of the electrode.

The highest capacity is found when the amount of carbon black is equal to that of lignosulfonate.

The maximum amount of charge and the best cycle chargeability are obtained when the weight ratio of barium sulfate to lignosulfonate to carbon black is 88:6:6.

Acknowledgements

Metrohm Siam Ltd The National Metal and Materials

Technology Center Defense Industry and Energy Centre,

Office of the Permanent Secretary for Defense, Ministry of Defense

Thank you for your Thank you for your attentionattention