iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

• HALO- EMeRGe • EMeRGe- International

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Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional and Global scale (EMeRGe)

Scientific target and project structure

J. P. Burrows M. D. Andrés Hernández University of Bremen on behalf of the the EMeRGe team

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

EMeRGe scientific target

Main focus of research:

Local anthropogenic and natural emissions coupled with meteorology determine transport and transformation (T&T) of MPC outflows.

Dominant dispersion and transport patterns of MPC outflows

Dominant factors in the chemical transformation of MPC emissions

Relevance of MPC emissions for radiative forcing and climate change

Investigation of the regional and hemispheric impact of the outflow of major population centers (MPC) in Europe and Asia on atmospheric composition

Hypothesis:

Adequacy of chemical models for T&T of European and Asian MPCs outflows

Impact of topography and meteorology on the outflow

Overarching objective:

Impact of MPC emissions poorly understood and imprecisely quantified

Scientific approach

data sources

Universities and research institutions

Airborne-HALO measurements

Europe (summer 2017) and Asia (spring 2018)

Transport and transformation MPCs outflows

Trace gases and aerosols

in situ and remote

Payload diversity and adequacy

Physical and chemical processes

Satellite products Ground based data

Modelling

EMeRGe different levels of synergy

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

EMeRGe is an innovative research project exploiting the new platform – HALO – for pollution

EMeRGe aims to test our understanding of the transport and transformation of emissions from MPCs in European summer and Asia spring, building on the heritage of previous campaigns.

EMeRGe focuses on the production of ozone and aerosol and their precursors.

EMeRGe has a synergetic payload of instruments for HALO

EMeRGe utilises synergistically satellite and ground based data products to constrain our knowledge of the MPC source regions for the outflow targeted for HALO flights.

EMeRGe investigates our understanding of transport and transformation processes by comparison of the measurements with state of the art models

EMeRGe overall scientific concept

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

Coordinating institution Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen

PI: Prof. J.P. Burrows; Dr. M.D. Andrés Hernández

Overall structure: HALO - EMeRGe

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

Funding agency

Flight Operating

Faciliy (HALO)

European/ Asian

collaborators

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

HALO - EMeRGe observational data

HALO Payload: trace gases-in situ

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

HALO - EMeRGe observational data

HALO Payoad: Trace gases – remote sensing , solar radiation and aerosols

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

HALO Payload: Basis Instrumentation

Absolute Humidity [g/m3] Angle of Attack [deg] Angle of Side slip [deg] Height above Sea Level calculated from

met. data (fast) [m] Pressure Altitude [m] Mach number [Ma] Static Pressure (from NB_PSIA) [hPa] Dynamic Pressure [hPa] Calculated True Airspeed [m/s] Total Air Temperature [K] Dew point Temperature [K] Potential Temperature [K] Virtual Potential Temperature [K] Virtual Temperature [K] Wind Vector East Component [m/s] Wind Vector North Component [m/s] Wind Vector Vertical Component [m/s

Horizontal Wind Direction [deg+] Horizontal Wind speed [m/s] Static Air Temperature [K] Mass Mixing Ratio [g/kg] Volume Mixing Ratio [µmol/mol] Relative Humidity [%] IGI lat. position above WGS84 [deg] IGI longi. position above WGS84 [deg] IGI height above WGS84 ellipsoid [m] IGI north south velocity [m/s] IGI east west velocity [m/s] IGI vertical velocity [m/s] IGI roll angle [deg] IGI pitch angle [deg] IGI true heading [deg+] IGI RMS value for position x [m] IGI RMS value for position y [m]

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

Complementing HALO - EMeRGe observational data

Space based remote sensing (satellite & ground base) and Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling

Modelling integrates and tests our understanding.

HALO measurements yield instantaneous observations Satellite and ground based data constrain source knowledge

SP5 launch 2017

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

HALO - EMeRGe measurement campaigns

EMeRGe campaigns in Europe and East Asia are complementary and synergistic

Europe (July 2017)

Total 145 flight hours

Summer: Prevalence of quasi permanent weather systems promoting • Active photochemistry, smog

production, • convection, low precipitation • advection from Northern Europe

into the Mediterranean

Lelieveld et al., 2002, MINOS_August

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

EMeRGe campaigns in Europe and East Asia are complementary and synergistic

HALO - EMeRGe measurement campaigns

East Asia (April 2018)

Total 145 flight hours

Spring: Prevalence of storm & frontal systems:

• maximum Asian outflow over the Pacific

• transport of pollution into the free troposphere (warm conveyor belts)

Frequent and rapid transpacific transport Maximum biomass burning February to

April. Mixing MPC outflows with dust from

Gobi desert

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

EMeRGe International

Europe, July 2017: Simultaneous airborne measurements

WMO GAW, GURME, EUMESAT, ESA, iCACGP, ACAM….

United Kingdom NCAS: National Center for Atmospheric Science FAAM (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements) BAe-146 (BAE) Prof.Stephen Mobbs, Prof. Alastair Lewis

International EMeRGe partnership as an iCACGP endorsed effort to stimulate measurements in Europe and in Asia during and around flight campaigns

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

EMeRGe International

WMO GAW, GURME, EUMESAT, ESA, iCACGP, ACAM…. East Asia: Complementary ground/airborne measurements Feb.- May 2018

Cooperation with Research Center for Environmental Changes (RCEC): Prof.Pao-Kuan Wang, Dr. Charles C.-K. Chou; and the National Taiwan University, (NTU) , Prof. Po-Hsiung Lin

“Workshop on the Impacts of Megacity Plumes on the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry in East Asia”, Taipei (24-26.08. 2016): discussion of EMeRGe collaboration.

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

EMeRGe International

WMO GAW, GURME, EUMESAT, ESA, iCACGP, ACAM….

Peking University: Professor Dr. Tong Zhu

Univ. Maryland/Peking University: Prof. R R Dickerson and Prof. Z. Li

Jinan University, Guangzhou: Professor Shaw Liu

Georgia Institute of Technology: Prof. Yuhang Wang

Expertise from local scientists extremely valuable!

East Asia: Complementary ground/airborne measurements Feb.- May 2018

iCACGP September 2016 burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de lola@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de

Thank you for your attention !

EMeRGe next objective

Looking forward a fruitful and successful collaborative effort