Editing

• Cutting: shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, action match, jump cut, crosscutting, parallel editing, cutaway; insert.

• Other transitions, dissolve, fade-in, fade-out, wipe, superimposition, long take, short take, slow motion, ellipsis and expansion of time, post-production, visual effects.

Cutting

We have looked at how individual shots are framed for effect. As important is how these are linked together to tell the story in an efficient and stylish way.

Each decision of shot type and shot length will have an effect on the rhythm and mood of the scene.

In the exam we can talk about this, and combine it with how sound is edited too, how it may vary from shot to shot, certainly where a two stories are intercut.

The simplest way to talk about editing is to use the term cut, this is a straight edit where two ends of film are simply put together.

The most common type of edit, we see someone perform an action, and in the subsequent shot the results of this action.

CONTINUITY EDITING

The villain turns on the sprinklers

The first sprinkler starts

The second sprinkler is in full flow

We see the chaos caused by the sprinklers

Eyeline Match

• The eyeline match begins with a character looking at something off-screen, there will then be a cut to the object or person at which he is looking.

180 degree rule

a basic film editing guideline that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other.

The new shot, from the opposite side, is known as a reverse angle.

Shot Reverse Shot

one character is shown looking (often off-screen) at another character

then the other character is shown looking "back" at the first character.

Since the characters are shown facing in opposite directions, the viewer unconsciously assumes that they are looking at each other.

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The Cutaway

A cutaway is the interruption of a continuously-filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually followed by a cutback to the first shot, but not always.

Watch out for cutaways, to show parallel action, in a different location. Ask yourself why it is there.

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The Insert

An insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot.

Inserts emphasise a different aspect of the action due to the different framing.

Often they are of detail in the action

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Cutting on Action(ACTION MATCH)

Cutting on action is where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that "matches" the first shot's action and energy.

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Graphic Match(Match Cut)

• A graphic match, is a cut between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match

• often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically

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Parallel Editing(Cross Cutting)

Parallel editing (cross cutting) is the technique of alternating two or more scenes that often happen simultaneously but in different locations. If the scenes are simultaneous, they occasionally culminate in a single place, where the relevant parties confront each other.

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Jump Cut

A jump cut is a cut in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly.

This type of edit causes the subject of the shots to appear to "jump" position in a discontinuous way.

It often gives a sense of SPEED to a sequence.

It DOES NOT mean jumping from one scene to another!

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• CREATE AN EDUCATIONAL VIDEO THAT EXPLAINS THE FOLLOWING!

• Cutting: shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, action match, jump cut, crosscutting, parallel editing, cutaway; insert.