Post on 17-Jan-2016
Ecosystem Services Management on Satoyama
for Sustainable Society
Masataka WatanabeFaculty of Environment and Information Studies,
Keio UniversityInstitute of Advanced Studies,
United Nations University
What is Satoyama
505000 mm
00
NN
Food, medicinal plants
Fuels materials, Timber
Seed bed materials
Manure
Livestock
Seed bed
Ash
fodder
Woodland Cropland Houses
(Modified after Inui, 1996)
-Mosaic pattern of woodlands, grasslands, crop lands, paddy fields, settlements, irrigated ponds, etc.-Nature maintained by human activities such as periodically tree cutting in coppice woodland and agricultural activities.-Relationships exist between each of the different types of land use, such as the plowing of fallen leaves gathered from a woodland back into the soil as fertilizer, or the use of firewood as fuel in homes.
Secondary Secondary ForestForest
Paddy fieldPaddy field
Irrigation / Irrigation / drainage drainage systemsystem
Dry fieldDry field
BambooBamboo
PondPond
Dairy Dairy farmingfarming
Terraced Terraced paddy fieldpaddy field
Production of Production of organicorganic
fertilizer and fertilizer and charcoal charcoal
BurntBurntfieldfield
Landscape of SATOYAMALandscape of SATOYAMA
HouseHouse
OkuyamaOkuyama
Cited from Ministry of Environment, Japan
Definition of Satoyama and Satoumi
Satoyama and Satoumi can be defined as a dynamic area (zone) that inter-relates people and nature and that is created and maintained through various direct and indirect uses, such as in agriculture, forestry, fishery, tradition, culture, livelihood and environmental conservations.
– They constitute an ecosystem mosaic consisting of rural communities and their surrounding various ecosystems ,
which provide diverse ecosystem services and contribute to the creation of vision towards their conservation, rehabilitation and creation.
– Their spatial patterns vary with local natural environments, human values, and social and economical conditions.
RainfallRainfall
CITYCITY
FoodFoodproductionproduction
Marine productsMarine products
WoodWood
WaterWaterPurificationPurification
RechargeRechargewaterwater
Supply Supply (Food, Wood)(Food, Wood)
SoilSoil
ManagementManagement
SATOYAMASATOYAMA
Supply Supply (Food)(Food)SATOUMISATOUMI
OKUYAMAOKUYAMACOCO22
OrganicOrganicfertilizerfertilizer
COCO22
villagevillage
Fishing villageFishing village
Secondary Forest :21% of total landSecondary Forest :21% of total land
Japanese Red Pine [Aakamatsu]
Quercus serrata [Konara]
Quercus serrata [Konara]
Quercus crispula [Mizunara]
Coppice Forest of Castanopsis and Oak
[Shii and Kashi]
Betula platyphylla var. japonica[Shirakanba]
Major components of Satoyama-Secondary Forest -Planted Forest-Agricultural Land-Secondary GrasslandArea of Satoyama : 43 % of total land (estimated by MOE, Japan, 2002)
Ecosystem services provided by Satoyama and Satoumi
Provisioning service 1) Fuel supply2) Fertilizer supply3) Timber and non-timber products4) Fishery products5) Food and feeding stuff
Regulating service1) Climate and water resources/water quality regulation in Satoyama2) CO2 sequestration3) Natural disaster regulation4) Water quality regulation in Satoumi
Cultural service Multifunctional and high diversity of ecosystem services
Long-term trend for firewood / charcoal production, and shiitake mushroom production in Japan
1942年69,900
1998年264
1979年2,116
2000年776
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
年
(10
材積
3 m3 )
薪炭林伐採材積 シタケ原木伏込量
Fuel and fertilizer revolution in the 1960s
Trend of arable land in Japan(Ministry of Agri. Fishery, Japan, 2009)
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200 19
56
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
耕地面積計
Tot
al a
rabl
e la
nd (1
,000
ha)
農地の拡張・かい廃面積
(1,0
00ha
/yea
r) ・耕地利用率
Ann
ual
expa
nsio
n an
d co
nver
sion
of a
rabl
e la
nd-U
tili
zati
on r
atio
農地の拡張面積
農地のかい廃面積
耕地利用率
耕地面積計
Annual expansion of arable land
Annual conversion of arable land
Total arable landArable land utilizaiton ratio
Total abandoned arable land in 2005 : 386 (1,000ha)
Trend of fishery production, trade, consumption and self-sufficient ratio(Ministry of Agri. Fishery,
Japan, 2008)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
自給率
Self
Suf
fici
ent R
atio
(%
)
生産・輸出入量・国内消費消費量
Pro
duct
ion・
Inpo
t-ex
port・D
omes
tic
prod
ucti
on(1
,000
t)
生産量Production
自給率 Self Sufficient ratio国内消費量Domestic consumption
輸出量 Export
輸入量 Import
RainfallRainfall
Marine productsMarine products
WaterWaterPurificationPurification
RechargeRechargewaterwater
SupplySupply
SoilSoilSupply Supply
SATOUMISATOUMI
EutrophicationEutrophication
UrbanizationUrbanization
DepopulationDepopulation
DepopulationDepopulation
IndustrialIndustrialproductproduct
FoodFoodWoodsWoods
COCO22
ChemicalChemicalfertilizerfertilizer
GlobalizationGlobalization
SATOYAMASATOYAMA
OKUYAMAOKUYAMA
COCO22
CITYCITY
Fuel and fertilizer revolution in the 1960s
Economic development and urbanization
ImportImportExportExport
Satoyama: Solution for Climate Change Mitigation/Adaptation
Agri./Land Use Recycle
Economic Model
Policy and Technological Options
Population IndustryLand Use
Sustainable resource management
Material recycle
Nutrient recycle
●Provisioning services●Regulating services●Supporting services●Cultural services
●Economical benefit●Security●Amenity●Health
Sustainable national land use policy
Agriculture and Forest policy
Food security policy
Socio-Economic System
SD
Scenario for Low Carbon Society
BAU TD DE
Biodiversity
Natural environmental conservation policy
Biodiversity conservation policy
Energy
Biomass utilization policy
Development of renewable energy
Solution for Climate Change Adaptation?
Natural System
ECO-SYSTEM SERVICEQuality-of-life
Human-well being
Climate ChangeGlobalizationUrbanization