Post on 07-Jun-2020
Ecosystem services: a landscape planning framework with the potential to inspire land policy
BRS: Approaches to quantifying and evaluating ecosystem services
A. Phillips, Landcare and Sustainable Landscapes Branch, Department of Sustainability & Environment, Victoria, AUSTRALIAEmail: Alistair.Phillips@dse.vic.gov.au
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Global shiftGlobal shift
Language: Ecosystem function/ health/ Language: Ecosystem function/ health/ servicesservices
Engaging communitiesEngaging communities
Is it a concept offering broad application Is it a concept offering broad application (not tool(not tool--dependant)?dependant)?
A A stewardship stewardship or MOP framework in Victoriaor MOP framework in Victoria
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Global shift
Ecosystem Services include:
Water quality and quantity
Food and fibre –crops, timber
Biodiversity, habitat - including
pollination and natural pest
control
Waste breakdownAtmosphereand Climate -
including carbon sinks
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Global shift
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment concluded that 24 ‘ecosystem services’reviewed, including a stable climate, fresh water, fresh air, soil fertility, pollination of crops, waste adsorption and nutrient recycling some 15 are being degraded or used unsustainably.
The regulating and provisioning ‘ecosystem services’ of healthy landscapes - once considered free - are increasingly being understood as valuable, finite and that we face enormous risks as we degrade them.
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Language:
Challenge: the heterogeneity of the problem -landscapes needing to fulfil multiple functions.
(regulatory, production, nature, cultural…)
Leads without exception to land use conflicts.
Decision support systems needed that can consider a number of different functions simultaneously
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Language:
The contested landscape - the political tension
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Language:
Victoria
Spatial units
Data collection, development of GIS
Landscape functions / Natural potentials Spatial units of singularvalue for the nature
(mono-sectoral)Goals / targets for single function / potential
target congruence/target conflicts
Definition of scenariosLandscape optimization (LNOPT)
Decision tree
Integrated concept of an conservation and development scheme for individual spatial units
Spatial units of similar or even landscape ecological targets / difficulties
actual / potential hazard / risk
Identification
Assortment
Assessment
Formulation
Determination
Classification
Definition
Interferences
Solving conflicts
Data exploration
Analysis and Assessment of Indicators
Analysis and Assessment of Landscape
Conflict Management
Integrated frameworkto elaborate ecologicaltargets (Leitbilder)for spatial units
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Language:
Victoria
Production function
RetentionWater erosion
274
290
292
294
296
132
134
146
148
Current use
Optimum solution ofall functions –‘UTOPIA POINT’
Compromise 1
Maximization ofproductionMaximizing preven-tion of water erosion
144
142
276
278
280
282
284
286
288
124
128
130
Formulation of ecological targets for large areas for heterogeneous spatial units to the meso-scale:
the assessment of environmental functions
scenario technologies
integrative procedures for decision support
derivation of ecological targets
(Umweltforschungszentrum)
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Engaging communities
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Terrestrial Habitat
Surface Water
GroundwaterCarbon Sequestration
Food and Fibre
Current scenario
Target scenario
Reference scenario
Opening understanding of the interdependent nature of landscape functions as multiple ecosystem services.
Engaging all in spatial optimisation -sharing responsibility.
Schematic only
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Broadly applicable?
Ecosystem services delivered through:• Competitive allocations• Regulation• Information/training• Combinations
Stepping out of the natural ‘comfort-zones’ of disciplines and specialisations
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
A stewardship or MOP framework in Victoria
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
A stewardship or MOP framework in Victoria
Currently six RLS - Multiple Outcome Projects in 6/10 Catchment Management Regions
Tyrrell Basin, Southern Mallee
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
A stewardship or MOP framework in Victoria
Project area: 394,000 haIncrease in Area Under Threat (0-5m)2004:23,856 ha / 6%
2004 - 2050:68,895 ha / 18%
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
A stewardship or MOP framework in Victoria
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
A stewardship or MOP framework in Victoria
InterventionsBase need to protect ecosystem: reduce total average recharge from 5.9 to 4.5mm/yr (25% reduction).
Revegetate? Would require 23% of every farm to be revegetated to reduce average overall recharge from 5.9 to 4.5mm/yr.
Option 1 Reduce Fallow = 25% reduction
Option 2 Reduce Recharge under Crops & Pastures = 40% reduction
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Related work already underway
Victoria– BushTender– EcoTender– Rural Land Stewardship / Multiple Outcome Projects
South Australia– Premier’s Roundtable on Sustainability interested in ES
Queensland– EPA & Office of Urban Management have commissioned CSIRO
to prepare a scoping paper (water quality)
NSW– Property Vegetation Planner
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Don’t forget a policy framework to support the direction
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Background papers
VCMC Report to
Government ? Policy
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
Complimentary directions
Landscape Integration, optimisation Modelling Future LandscapesThe methodology to integrate partly contradicting goals and targets into rural and landscape development is not well developed. There are different approaches for the development of integrative goals (leitbilder) depending on the specific sciences from which they originate, e.g.
agricultural or land economy,
biodiversity planning
hydrology
geography.
The aim of the session is to discuss different approaches to the integration of multiple goals or targets into consistent models (e.g. spatial decision support systems, linear-programming based models, multicriteria analysis, scenario techniques, landscape prognosis) and related problems and needs.
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
systems
Box 4 HOW:Project tools:EducationInformationAllocation devicesRegulationPlanning scheme etc…
SOCIAL BIOPHYSICAL
Figure 1Project design model for landscape-scaled ecosystem service projects
INSTITUTIONAL
Box 1:Policy aimsRegional strategiesBudget
Box 2:Profile of land holderinterest, enablers andconstraints, and localcultural perspective’s
Box 3 WHERE:Landscape conditiontypology and extent ofchange sought (macroanalysis - broaderecosystem needs)
Box 5 WHAT:Site biophysicalanalysis and modellingof outcomes (microanalysis – sitecontribution toecosystem needs)
Project:Project actions and timelinesProject implementation toolsProject deliverablesProject teams
Cultural contexts
Ecosystem services
An emerging shift: ecosystem service production in the rural landscape
systems
Box 3, Figure 1 (example)
Figure 2Landscape condition typology and program tool continuum – after McIntyre and Hobbs (1999)
INTACTLANDSCAPE(national park)
VARIEGATEDLANDSCAPE
FRAGMENTEDLANDSCAPE
RELICTUALLANDSCAPE
(intensive agriculture)
Local scale action - competitive resource allocation Broad scale action - collaborative project participation
Less modified Highly modified