Post on 20-Jan-2016
eCommerce, eBusiness and Internet Architecture
Agenda
Introduction and definitions The technology landscape The economic premises and the
competitive environment IT as a competitive weapon
Today’s Agenda Definitions Technology Landscape
Information Systems Architecture The Internet
Business Models
eCommerce:
“Business transactions that take place by telecommunication networks. A process of buying and selling products, services, and information over computer networks”
Turban, et al., 2000
eCommerce:
“An online exchange of value”Brad Wheeler, Indiana University
“Digitally enabled commercial transactions between and among organizations and individuals”
Laudon and Traver, 2001
The concept of online buying and selling over a network has been around for more than 20 years. EDI and Minitel are clear examples. Why then the eCommerce “revolution” is taking place right now?
Question…
eCommerce Enabling trends:
Globalization Digitization Pervasive computing Connectivity
Manifestations: Ubiquity and availability Universal open standards Global reach Richness Interactivity Information density Personalized transactions
and customized products
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eBusiness
“The digital enablement of transactions and processes within the firm, involving information systems under the control of the firm”
Laudon and Traver, 2001
eBusiness
“Strategic deployment of computer-mediated business tools and information technologies to satisfy business objectives”
Hoffman & Novak, 1996
But also to re-shape them and create new ones
eBusiness
“Fundamentally new ways of doing business … not mere extensions of existing business practices.”
Hoffman & Novak, 1996
Where information and communication technologies
become the fabric of the firm’s business processes
eBusiness Infrastructure
eComm, tip of the iceberg
Modern Strategic IT eCommerce Applications
eBusiness Infrastructure
Becoming mainstream
“In five years there will be no eCommerce, just
Commerce.”Anonymous
“All business will soon be e-business”
Don Tapscott
Classification: Transactions Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Business-to-Business (B2B) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) Consumer-to-Business (C2B) Peer-to-peer (P2P) M-commerce U-commerce
Company structure
Bricks and mortar Pure play (e.g., Amazon.com)
Independent venture of established organization (e.g., Barnsandnoble.com)
Integrated organization spanning both realms - Bricks and Clicks or Clicks and Mortar (e.g., RiteAid and Drugstore.com)
The building blocks of eBiz
Infrastructure (e.g., ISP, equipment) Integrated business applications Inter-organizational systems (IOS) New organizational forms Business models
Information System Architecture
San Pietro in Vaticano (1505-1593)
Architecture
The art or practice of designing and building structures
Webster Dictionary
IS Architecture
The IS Architecture represents the manner in which the components of an Information System fit together and are deployed to deliver expected information processing capabilities.
IS Architecture
Architecture design: Benefits To general and functional
management To the IS professionals
Architecture design: Risks Architecture as a diagnostic tool
Architecture: components Technical Infrastructure
Hardware infrastructure Software infrastructure
Social Infrastructure Governing bodies Infrastructure management
Applications and Services Software applications and services Data resources
Users
Internet: Hardware infrastructure
Host
Host computers Mainframes Minicomputers Workstations Microcomputers PDAs Smart appliances
Any computer connected to the Internet
Any Internet “node”
Host
Host
Internet: Hardware infrastructure
Communication Media POTS Cables Fiber optics Satellite (ether)
Dedicated equipment Switches Routers
Source: http://www.UUNET.com/
I wish I could find out how sales are
going.
Yesterday we did well. How will we
do today?
Internet: Hardware infrastructure
Host
HostHost
Host
Host
It’s hot today, we are selling fast! Increase prices!!
ARAMARK
Internet: Software infrastructure
Server
Server
Server
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client
Client Client
ClientClient
Client
Client/Server Model
Internet: Software infrastructure
www.howstuffworks.com
Telephone NetworkTelephone Network
Circuit Switching
Internet: Software infrastructure
www.howstuffworks.com
Packet Switching
Internet: Software infrastructure
Transmitted DataAddressingPacket
Location
~ 300 bytes
The Packet
Some Examples Tracing the packets (Neotrace) Loosing the packets (Streaming
video)
Internet: Software infrastructure
Universal Open Communication Protocol: TCP/IP
Internet: Software infrastructure
IP address: IP address octets 130.39.100.123 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)protocol://machine_address[:port]/directory/file
Dissecting a URL
http://freeman.tulane.edu/emba/emba.htm
http = protocol (e.g., ftp, http, Telnet).edu = top level domainTulane.edu = domain nameFreeman.tulane.edu = server at domainpmba = a directory on serverpmba.html = a file containing html code
Network Solutions
Obtaining a Domain Name
Piccoli
Who owns Piccoli.com
Maybe they would sell it?
Piccoli.com
Internet: Software infrastructure
Mark-up Languages
HTML HyperText
Markup Language
Cross-platform How information
is displayed Plug-ins
HTML:
Internet: Software infrastructure
Mark-up Languages
HTML HyperText
Markup Language
Cross-platform How information
is displayed Plug-ins
XML eXtensible Markup
Language Cross-platform Easily customizable The meaning of the
information
XML:
Document Type Definition
Defines the content and structure of XML doc.
Accompanies the XML doc
Internet: Social infrastructure
Infrastructure management Distributed private ownership Independent management
Governing bodies Open standards ICANN W3C
Internet: Traditional services
Electronic Mail World Wide Web File Transfer Protocol Telnet Mail Explosion Application Asynchronous Electronic Discussion Synchronous Electronic Discussion
Internet: Future services
Messaging applications Streaming media Voice over IP Wireless Networking
Wireless Web (WAP and iMode) Bluetooth and Wi-Fi (802.11b)
Internet Appliances Software on demand (ASP model)
Internet: Data resources
Distributed data sources Distributed ownership of the data
Conclusion
The IS Architecture represents the manner in which the components of an Information System fit together and are deployed to deliver expected information processing capabilities.