Book 4

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃ

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U 1- the ability to talk, or the activity of

talking

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U 1- the ability to talk, or the activity of

talking 2- way of talking

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U 1- the ability to talk, or the activity of

talking 2- way of talking3- the language used when talking:

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U 1- the ability to talk, or the activity of

talking 2- way of talking3- the language used when talking: Some expressions are used more in

speech than in writing.

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U 1- the ability to talk, or the activity of talking 2- way of talking3- the language used when talking: Some expressions are used more in speech

than in writing. 4- a formal talk given usually to a large

number of people on a special occasion.

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U 1- the ability to talk, or the activity of talking 2- way of talking3- the language used when talking: Some expressions are used more in speech

than in writing. 4- a formal talk given usually to a large

number of people on a special occasion.I’m nervous about the speech I’m making

tomorrow

speech speech //spispi ːːt / ʃt / ʃnoun U 1- the ability to talk, or the activity of talking 2- way of talking3- the language used when talking: Some expressions are used more in speech

than in writing. 4- a formal talk given usually to a large

number of people on a special occasion.I’m nervous about the speech I’m making

tomorrow سخنرانی ، کلم ، سخن

Points speechless /ˈspiːt ·l s/ ʃ ə adjectiveunable to talk or to know what to say,

esp. because of having strong feelings Her remark left me speechless. The correct verb to use with speech is

usually make or give . I have to make a speech. He gave a speech at the conference.

The number one the most important

fear /fɪr/

fear /fɪr/

fear /fɪr/

verb

fear /fɪr/

verb to be worried or upset

fear /fɪr/

verb to be worried or upset The taxi driver was going so fast, I feared

for our safety.

fear /fɪr/

verb to be worried or upset The taxi driver was going so fast, I feared

for our safety.= be afraid of / that

fear /fɪr/

verb to be worried or upset The taxi driver was going so fast, I feared

for our safety.= be afraid of / thatترسیدن

Word formationfear /fɪr/ noun C/U fear /fɪr/ verb fearful /ˈfɪr·fəl/ adjective fearless /ˈfɪr·ləs/ adjective

public /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ noun U

public /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ noun U all the people, esp. all those in one place or

country

public /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ noun U all the people, esp. all those in one place or

country The park is open to the public from sunrise to

sunset.

public /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ noun U all the people, esp. all those in one place or

country The park is open to the public from sunrise to

sunset. The book is not yet available to the general

public.

public /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ noun U all the people, esp. all those in one place or

country The park is open to the public from sunrise to

sunset. The book is not yet available to the general

public. In public = in front of some people

public /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ noun U all the people, esp. all those in one place or

country The park is open to the public from sunrise to

sunset. The book is not yet available to the general

public. In public = in front of some people عمومی ، عموم

Word formationpublic /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ noun U public /ˈpʌb·lɪk/ adjective

publicly /ˈpʌb·lɪ·kli/ adverb

publicity /pəˈbl s· t·i/ ɪ ə ̬ noun U publicist /ˈp b·l ·s st/ ʌ ə ə noun C publicize /ˈp b·lʌ əˌs z/ ɑɪ verb T

Overcome Overcome //ˌ̩o ·v rʊ əo ·v rʊ ə ˈ̍k mʌk mʌ/ / verb I/T

Overcome Overcome //ˌ̩o ·v rʊ əo ·v rʊ ə ˈ̍k mʌk mʌ/ / verb I/T Pt: overcame , overcome

Overcome Overcome //ˌ̩o ·v rʊ əo ·v rʊ ə ˈ̍k mʌk mʌ/ / verb I/T Pt: overcame , overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with

something

Overcome Overcome //ˌ̩o ·v rʊ əo ·v rʊ ə ˈ̍k mʌk mʌ/ / verb I/T Pt: overcame , overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with

something T: I eventually overcame my shyness in class.

Overcome Overcome //ˌ̩o ·v rʊ əo ·v rʊ ə ˈ̍k mʌk mʌ/ / verb I/T Pt: overcame , overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with

something T: I eventually overcame my shyness in class. I: I believe that we will overcome in the end.

Overcome Overcome //ˌ̩o ·v rʊ əo ·v rʊ ə ˈ̍k mʌk mʌ/ / verb I/T Pt: overcame , overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with

something T: I eventually overcame my shyness in class. I: I believe that we will overcome in the end. = control

Overcome Overcome //ˌ̩o ·v rʊ əo ·v rʊ ə ˈ̍k mʌk mʌ/ / verb I/T Pt: overcame , overcome to defeat or succeed in controlling or dealing with

something T: I eventually overcame my shyness in class. I: I believe that we will overcome in the end. = control غلبه کردن ، از عهده بر آمدن

nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v sɜ ən r·v sɜ ə/ /

nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v sɜ ən r·v sɜ ə/ /

nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v sɜ ən r·v sɜ ə/ / adjective

nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v sɜ ən r·v sɜ ə/ / adjective worried or slightly frightened

nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v sɜ ən r·v sɜ ə/ / adjective worried or slightly frightened = anxious

nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v sɜ ən r·v sɜ ə/ / adjective worried or slightly frightened = anxiousI was nervous during my driving test.

nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v sɜ ən r·v sɜ ə/ / adjective worried or slightly frightened = anxiousI was nervous during my driving test. مضطرب ، نگران

nervousness /ˈn r·v ·sn sɜ ə ə/ noun U

nervousness /ˈn r·v ·sn sɜ ə ə/ noun U There's nervousness about what the future

will hold.

nervousness /ˈn r·v ·sn sɜ ə ə/ noun U There's nervousness about what the future

will hold. نگرانی ، اضطراب

Word formationWord formationnerves /n rvz/ ɜ plural noun C worry or anxiety an attack of nerves nervous nervous //ˈ̍n r·v s/ = anxious ɜ ən r·v s/ = anxious ɜ əadjective worried or slightly frightened I was nervous during my driving test. nervously /ˈn r·v ·sli/ ɜ ə adverb He laughed nervously. nervousness /ˈn r·v ·sn s/ ɜ ə ə noun U There's nervousness about what the future will

hold.

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about something

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about somethingU: For many children, every new school year causes

anxiety.

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about somethingU: For many children, every new school year causes

anxiety. C: Don’t you have any fears or anxieties about middle age?

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about somethingU: For many children, every new school year causes

anxiety. C: Don’t you have any fears or anxieties about middle age? اضطراب ، نگرانی

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about somethingU: For many children, every new school year causes

anxiety. C: Don’t you have any fears or anxieties about middle age? اضطراب ، نگرانیanxious /ˈæŋ· s/ ʃə adjective = nervous

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about somethingU: For many children, every new school year causes

anxiety. C: Don’t you have any fears or anxieties about middle age? اضطراب ، نگرانیanxious /ˈæŋ· s/ ʃə adjective = nervous They exchanged anxious glances in the doctor’s office.

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about somethingU: For many children, every new school year causes

anxiety. C: Don’t you have any fears or anxieties about middle age? اضطراب ، نگرانیanxious /ˈæŋ· s/ ʃə adjective = nervous They exchanged anxious glances in the doctor’s office. مضطرب ، نگران

anxiety /æŋˈz · t·iɑɪ ə ̬/ noun C/U an uncomfortable feeling of worry about somethingU: For many children, every new school year causes

anxiety. C: Don’t you have any fears or anxieties about middle age? اضطراب ، نگرانیanxious /ˈæŋ· s/ ʃə adjective = nervous They exchanged anxious glances in the doctor’s office. مضطرب ، نگرانanxiously /ˈæŋ· ·sli/ ʃə adverb= nervously

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep to put something in a particular position

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep to put something in a particular position The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River.

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep to put something in a particular position The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River. دادن قرار

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep to put something in a particular position The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River. دادن قرارsituation /ˌs t ·ɪ ʃ əˈwe · n/ ɪ ʃə noun C

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep to put something in a particular position The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River. دادن قرارsituation /ˌs t ·ɪ ʃ əˈwe · n/ ɪ ʃə noun C a condition or combination of conditions that exist

at a particular time

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep to put something in a particular position The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River. دادن قرارsituation /ˌs t ·ɪ ʃ əˈwe · n/ ɪ ʃə noun C a condition or combination of conditions that exist

at a particular time I was in a situation where I didn’t have cash

handy.

situate /ˈs t ·ɪ ʃ əˌwe tɪ/ verb T always + adv/prep to put something in a particular position The restaurant is situated near the Hudson River. دادن قرارsituation /ˌs t ·ɪ ʃ əˈwe · n/ ɪ ʃə noun C a condition or combination of conditions that exist

at a particular time I was in a situation where I didn’t have cash

handy. موقعیت

partner /'p rt·nərɑ/ noun C 1- one of two people who do something together or are closely

involved in some way Children, hold your partner’s hand when you cross the street. Husband or wife , close friendدوست ، همکار ، رفیق ، همسرpartnership /'p rt·nər p/ ɑ ʃɪ noun C/U C a business partnership

partner /'p rt·nərɑ/

partner /'p rt·nərɑ/

rank /ræŋk/ noun C/U a position in relation to others (higher or lower), C You get more money if you have a higher rank. U He rose quickly in rank. rank /ræŋk/ verb I/T Give a number ( value )Sylvia ranks in the top 5 percent in her class. ranking /ˈræŋ·k ŋ/ ɪ adjectivehaving the highest rank or standing in relation to others of

the same kindدرجه ، درجه بندی کردن ، درجه بندی = رده بندی

contact /ˈk n·tæktɑ/ noun U

contact /ˈk n·tæktɑ/ noun U communication with someone, or with a group or

organization

contact /ˈk n·tæktɑ/ noun U communication with someone, or with a group or

organization Have you kept in contact with your friends from

college?

contact /ˈk n·tæktɑ/ noun U communication with someone, or with a group or

organization Have you kept in contact with your friends from

college? The pilot was always in contact with an air traffic

controller.

contact /ˈk n·tæktɑ/ noun U communication with someone, or with a group or

organization Have you kept in contact with your friends from

college? The pilot was always in contact with an air traffic

controller. ارتباط ، تماس

contact /ˈk n·tæktɑ/ noun U communication with someone, or with a group or

organization Have you kept in contact with your friends from

college? The pilot was always in contact with an air traffic

controller. ارتباط ، تماسcontact /ˈk n·tækt/ ɑ verb T

contact /ˈk n·tæktɑ/ noun U communication with someone, or with a group or

organization Have you kept in contact with your friends from

college? The pilot was always in contact with an air traffic

controller. ارتباط ، تماسcontact /ˈk n·tækt/ ɑ verb T I tried to contact him at his office but he was out

to lunch.

eye contact noun U the act of looking directly in the eyes of another

person as the other person looks at you تماس چشمی ، نگاه مستقیم

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/ noun C

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/ noun C 1- the people, considered as a group, who watch

or listen to a performance, movie, public event, etc., either together in one place or separately

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/ noun C 1- the people, considered as a group, who watch

or listen to a performance, movie, public event, etc., either together in one place or separately

a live/television audience

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/ noun C 1- the people, considered as a group, who watch

or listen to a performance, movie, public event, etc., either together in one place or separately

a live/television audience 2- the type of people the writer intended to read

it.

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/ noun C 1- the people, considered as a group, who watch

or listen to a performance, movie, public event, etc., either together in one place or separately

a live/television audience 2- the type of people the writer intended to read

it. 3- a formal meeting that you have with an

important person: an audience with the president

audience /ˈɔːd·iː· ns, ə ˈ dɑ-/ noun C 1- the people, considered as a group, who watch

or listen to a performance, movie, public event, etc., either together in one place or separately

a live/television audience 2- the type of people the writer intended to read

it. 3- a formal meeting that you have with an

important person: an audience with the president جلسه ، مخاطب

embarrassment / mɪˈbær· ·sm nt/ə ə

embarrassment / mɪˈbær· ·sm nt/ə ə

embarrassment / mɪˈbær· ·sm ntə ə

embarrassment / mɪˈbær· ·sm ntə ə/noun C/U

embarrassment / mɪˈbær· ·sm nt/ə ə noun C/U Anxiety , nervousness

embarrassment / mɪˈbær· ·sm nt/ə ənoun C/U Anxiety , nervousnessU: She forgot her lines and blushed( became red )

with embarrassment.

embarrassment / mɪˈbær· ·sm nt/ə ənoun C/U Anxiety , nervousnessU: She forgot her lines and blushed( became red )

with embarrassment. شرمندگی ، ، نگرانی

Word formationembarrass / mɪ ˈbær· s ə verb T to cause someone to feel anxious, ashamed, or

uncomfortable He knew that letter would embarrass him and

later he tried to get rid of it. embarrassed / mɪ ˈbær· st/ ə adjective embarrassing / mɪ ˈbær· ·s ŋ/ ə ɪ adjective embarrassingly / mɪ ˈbær· ·siŋ·li/ ə adverb an embarrassingly poor performance embarrassment / mɪ ˈbær· ·sm nt/ ə ə noun C/U

confidence /ˈk n·f d· ns, -fɑ ə ə əˌdens/noun U

confidence /ˈk n·f d· ns, -fɑ ə ə əˌdens/noun U SURE FEELING: a feeling of having little doubt

about

confidence /ˈk n·f d· ns, -fɑ ə ə əˌdens/noun U SURE FEELING: a feeling of having little doubt

aboutHe has a sense of confidence about what he does.

confidence /ˈk n·f d· ns, -fɑ ə ə əˌdens/noun U SURE FEELING: a feeling of having little doubt

aboutHe has a sense of confidence about what he does. Consumers’ confidence in the economy is strong.

confidence /ˈk n·f d· ns, -fɑ ə ə əˌdens/noun U SURE FEELING: a feeling of having little doubt

aboutHe has a sense of confidence about what he does. Consumers’ confidence in the economy is strong. اعتماد ( به خود یا دیگران )

Word formationconfide /k nə ˈf d/ ɑɪ verb confidence /ˈk n·f d· ns, -fɑ ə ə əˌdens/ noun U confident /ˈk n·f d· nt, -fɑ ə ə əˌdent/ adjective I’m confident (we’ll succeed). ≠ unconfidentconfidently /ˈk n·f d· nt·li, -fɑ ə ə əˌdent·li/ adverb self-confident selfˈk n·f d· nt, -fɑ ə ə əˌdent/ adjective self-confidence /selfˈk n·f d· ns, -fɑ ə ə əˌdens/ noun U

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/ noun C/U

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/ noun C/U the act of giving or showing something, or the

way in which something is given or shown

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/ noun C/U the act of giving or showing something, or the

way in which something is given or shown = speech

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/ noun C/U the act of giving or showing something, or the

way in which something is given or shown = speech a multimedia presentation

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/ noun C/U the act of giving or showing something, or the

way in which something is given or shown = speech a multimedia presentation Give a presentation

presentation /ˌprez· nə ˈte · n, ɪ ʃə ˌpriːˌzen-/ noun C/U the act of giving or showing something, or the

way in which something is given or shown = speech a multimedia presentation Give a presentation درس ، سخنرانی

communication /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · n/ ɪ ʃənoun C/U

communication /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · n/ ɪ ʃənoun C/U 1- the process by which messages or

information is sent from one place or person to another, or the message itself

communication /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · n/ ɪ ʃənoun C/U 1- the process by which messages or

information is sent from one place or person to another, or the message itself

U: E-mail is an increasingly important means of business communication.

communication /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · n/ ɪ ʃənoun C/U 1- the process by which messages or

information is sent from one place or person to another, or the message itself

U: E-mail is an increasingly important means of business communication.

2- the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding

communication /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · n/ ɪ ʃənoun C/U 1- the process by which messages or information

is sent from one place or person to another, or the message itself

U: E-mail is an increasingly important means of business communication.

2- the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding

U: There was very little communication between the two brothers.

communication /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · n/ ɪ ʃənoun C/U 1- the process by which messages or information

is sent from one place or person to another, or the message itself

U: E-mail is an increasingly important means of business communication.

2- the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding

U: There was very little communication between the two brothers.

مبادله ، ارتباط

communications /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · nz/ ɪ ʃəplural noun 1- the various systems used for sending esp.

electronic information, such as radio, television, telephone, and computer networks

They have made heavy investments in the communications industry.

مخابرات ، ارتباطات

Word formationcommunicate /kəˈmjuː·nəˌke t /ɪ verb I/T to give messages or information to others body

,understand each other T: She said we should communicate our requests in

writing rather than over the telephone. I: The play deals with the inability of people to

communicate with the people they love. communicable /kəˈmjuː·n ·k ·b l/ ɪ ə ə adjective able to be given to others: a communicable disease communication /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · n/ ɪ ʃə noun C/U communications /kəˌmjuː·nəˈke · nz/ ɪ ʃə plural noun communicative /kəˈmjuː·n ·k t· v, -ɪ ə ̬ ɪ ˌke t· v/ ɪ ̬ ɪ adjective willing to talk to people and give them information

below /bɪˈlo / ʊpreposition, adverb

below /bɪˈlo / ʊpreposition, adverb1-in a lower position (than); under

below /bɪˈlo / ʊpreposition, adverb1-in a lower position (than); under The author’s name was printed below the title.

below /bɪˈlo / ʊpreposition, adverb1-in a lower position (than); under The author’s name was printed below the title. 2-less in number or value:

below /bɪˈlo / ʊpreposition, adverb1-in a lower position (than); under The author’s name was printed below the title. 2-less in number or value:It’s for young kids (children) below the age of six.

below /bɪˈlo / ʊpreposition, adverb1-in a lower position (than); under The author’s name was printed below the title. 2-less in number or value:It’s for young kids (children) below the age of six. پایین ، کمتر

Have a quick look Look at sth briefly Glance سریع نگاه انداختن

Note /no t/ ʊ

Note /no t/ ʊ

Note /no t/ ʊnoun C 1- a short piece of writing a handwritten note Make a note to phone him (Write it down so you

remember) . 2- a piece of information that you write down

while something is happening: C Be sure to take notes in class (write down

information) . نوشته ، یادداشت

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪ

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪ

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪverb I/T

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪverb I/T to direct a lot of attention and thought to an

activity or subject,

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪverb I/T to direct a lot of attention and thought to an

activity or subject, I always + adv/prep: In her later years, she

concentrated on her writing and teaching.

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪverb I/T to direct a lot of attention and thought to an

activity or subject, I always + adv/prep: In her later years, she

concentrated on her writing and teaching. T: The police are concentrating their search in the

area where the child was last seen.

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪverb I/T to direct a lot of attention and thought to an

activity or subject, I always + adv/prep: In her later years, she

concentrated on her writing and teaching. T: The police are concentrating their search in the

area where the child was last seen. کردن تمرکز

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪverb I/T to direct a lot of attention and thought to an

activity or subject, I always + adv/prep: In her later years, she

concentrated on her writing and teaching. T: The police are concentrating their search in the

area where the child was last seen. کردن تمرکزconcentration /ˌk n·s nɑ ə ˈtre · n/ ɪ ʃə noun U

Concentrate /ˈk n·s nɑ ə ˌtre t/ ɪverb I/T to direct a lot of attention and thought to an

activity or subject, I always + adv/prep: In her later years, she

concentrated on her writing and teaching. T: The police are concentrating their search in the

area where the child was last seen. کردن تمرکزconcentration /ˌk n·s nɑ ə ˈtre · n/ ɪ ʃə noun U He had a look of intense concentration on his

face.

stance /stæns/

stance /stæns/

stance /stæns/

stance /stæns/ noun C

stance /stæns/ noun C a way of standing

stance /stæns/ noun C a way of standing He had the stance of a baseball player

focusing on the ball.

stance /stæns/ noun C a way of standing He had the stance of a baseball player

focusing on the ball. ایستادن شیوه

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃə

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃə

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃə

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃə

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃənoun C/U

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃənoun C/U a position of the body, or the way in which

someone holds the body when standing, sitting, or walking

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃənoun C/U a position of the body, or the way in which

someone holds the body when standing, sitting, or walking

C Newton sat back in a reclining posture.

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃənoun C/U a position of the body, or the way in which

someone holds the body when standing, sitting, or walking

C Newton sat back in a reclining posture. U She’s got good/bad posture.

posture /ˈp s·t r/ ɑ ʃənoun C/U a position of the body, or the way in which

someone holds the body when standing, sitting, or walking

C Newton sat back in a reclining posture. U She’s got good/bad posture. رفتن ( راه یا نشستن ، ایستادن بدن ( وضعیت

f irm /f rm/ ɜadjective, adverb -er/-est only

f irm /f rm/ ɜadjective, adverb -er/-est only FIXED: set in place and unable or unlikely to

move, come loose, or fall over

f irm /f rm/ ɜadjective, adverb -er/-est only FIXED: set in place and unable or unlikely to

move, come loose, or fall over f irmly /ˈf rm·li/ ɜ adverb

f irm /f rm/ ɜadjective, adverb -er/-est only FIXED: set in place and unable or unlikely to

move, come loose, or fall over f irmly /ˈf rm·li/ ɜ adverb In a strong way

f irm /f rm/ ɜadjective, adverb -er/-est only FIXED: set in place and unable or unlikely to

move, come loose, or fall over f irmly /ˈf rm·li/ ɜ adverb In a strong wayFasten your seatbelt firmly.

f irm /f rm/ ɜadjective, adverb -er/-est only FIXED: set in place and unable or unlikely to

move, come loose, or fall over f irmly /ˈf rm·li/ ɜ adverb In a strong wayFasten your seatbelt firmly. راست

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ verb T

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ verb T to take someone’s attention away from what the

person is doing or should be doing

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ verb T to take someone’s attention away from what the

person is doing or should be doing She liked to work with the radio playing and said

it did not distract her.

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ verb T to take someone’s attention away from what the

person is doing or should be doing She liked to work with the radio playing and said

it did not distract her. distraction /dɪˈstræk· n/ ʃə noun C/U

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ verb T to take someone’s attention away from what the

person is doing or should be doing She liked to work with the radio playing and said

it did not distract her. distraction /dɪˈstræk· n/ ʃə noun C/U It’s impossible to work with all this distraction.

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ verb T to take someone’s attention away from what the

person is doing or should be doing She liked to work with the radio playing and said

it did not distract her. distraction /dɪˈstræk· n/ ʃə noun C/U It’s impossible to work with all this distraction. Distracting = causing distraction

distract /dɪˈstrækt/ verb T to take someone’s attention away from what the

person is doing or should be doing She liked to work with the radio playing and said

it did not distract her. distraction /dɪˈstræk· n/ ʃə noun C/U It’s impossible to work with all this distraction. Distracting = causing distraction کردن پرت را حواس

normally normally //ˈ̍nnɔɔːːr·mr·məə·li·li/ / adverb usually or regularly She doesn’t normally stop working to

have lunch.

side /s d/ ɑɪnoun C a surface of something that is not the top or the

bottom , or not the front or the backLabel all four sides of the box. I painted one side of the boat green to see if we

like the color. Please write on only one side of the paper. سمت ، طرف ، جهت

emphasize /ˈem·fəˌs z/ ɑɪverb T

emphasize /ˈem·fəˌs z/ ɑɪverb T to state or show that something is especially

important or deserves special attention

emphasize /ˈem·fəˌs z/ ɑɪverb T to state or show that something is especially

important or deserves special attentionGive special importance to sth

emphasize /ˈem·fəˌs z/ ɑɪverb T to state or show that something is especially

important or deserves special attentionGive special importance to sth She emphasized the importance of good

nutrition.

emphasize /ˈem·fəˌs z/ ɑɪverb T to state or show that something is especially

important or deserves special attentionGive special importance to sth She emphasized the importance of good

nutrition. کردن تاکید

Word formation emphasize /ˈem·fəˌs z/ ɑɪ verb T emphasis /ˈem·f ·s s/ ə ə noun C/U emphases emphatic /emˈfæt· k, m-/ ̬ ɪ ɪ adjective emphatically /emˈfæt· ·kli, m-/ ̬ ɪ ɪ adverb

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is

said or written

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is

said or written He made some good points in his speech.

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is

said or written He made some good points in his speech. The lawyers reviewed the issues point by point.

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is

said or written He made some good points in his speech. The lawyers reviewed the issues point by point. You have a point What you say is reasonable

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is

said or written He made some good points in his speech. The lawyers reviewed the issues point by point. You have a point What you say is reasonablethe main or most important idea:

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is

said or written He made some good points in his speech. The lawyers reviewed the issues point by point. You have a point What you say is reasonablethe main or most important idea: He doesn’t have much money, but that’s not the

point.

point /p nt/ ɔɪnoun C an idea, opinion, or piece of information that is

said or written He made some good points in his speech. The lawyers reviewed the issues point by point. You have a point What you say is reasonablethe main or most important idea: He doesn’t have much money, but that’s not the

point. ایده ، نکته

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective to be expected; usual

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective to be expected; usual a natural reaction

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective to be expected; usual a natural reaction + to do something It’s only natural to be upset

when your dog dies.

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective to be expected; usual a natural reaction + to do something It’s only natural to be upset

when your dog dies. انتظار قابل ، معمولی

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective to be expected; usual a natural reaction + to do something It’s only natural to be upset

when your dog dies. انتظار قابل ، معمولیnaturally /ˈnæt · ·r ·li/ ʃ ə ə adverb

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective to be expected; usual a natural reaction + to do something It’s only natural to be upset

when your dog dies. انتظار قابل ، معمولیnaturally /ˈnæt · ·r ·li/ ʃ ə ə adverb Exercising should come as naturally as brushing

your teeth.

natural /ˈnæt · ·r l/ ʃ ə əadjective to be expected; usual a natural reaction + to do something It’s only natural to be upset

when your dog dies. انتظار قابل ، معمولیnaturally /ˈnæt · ·r ·li/ ʃ ə ə adverb Exercising should come as naturally as brushing

your teeth. Naturally, we have to arrive early to get the best

seats.

aware /əˈwer, əˈwær/ Adjective

aware /əˈwer, əˈwær/ adjective knowing that something exists, or having

knowledge or experience of sth

aware /əˈwer, əˈwær/ adjective knowing that something exists, or having

knowledge or experience of sthWe were just not aware (that) garbage(rubbish)

would be a problem, that we ever would need to recycle.

aware /əˈwer, əˈwær/ adjective knowing that something exists, or having

knowledge or experience of sthWe were just not aware (that) garbage(rubbish)

would be a problem, that we ever would need to recycle.

مطلع ، آگاه

aware /əˈwer, əˈwær/ adjective knowing that something exists, or having

knowledge or experience of sthWe were just not aware (that) garbage(rubbish)

would be a problem, that we ever would need to recycle.

مطلع ، آگاهAre you aware of any reason why you cannot act

fairly as a juror in this trial?

aware /əˈwer, əˈwær/ adjective knowing that something exists, or having

knowledge or experience of sthWe were just not aware (that) garbage(rubbish)

would be a problem, that we ever would need to recycle.

مطلع ، آگاهAre you aware of any reason why you cannot act

fairly as a juror in this trial? awareness /əˈwer·n s, ə əˈwær-/ noun U

cross /krɔːs/ verb I/T

cross /krɔːs/ verb I/T to put one thing across another, or to lie this way

cross /krɔːs/ verb I/T to put one thing across another, or to lie this way T: Weaver Street crosses the Post Road.

cross /krɔːs/ verb I/T to put one thing across another, or to lie this way T: Weaver Street crosses the Post Road. بستن بغل ، گذاشتن هم روی

cross /krɔːs/ verb I/T to put one thing across another, or to lie this way T: Weaver Street crosses the Post Road. بستن بغل ، گذاشتن هم رویcrossing /ˈkrɔː·s ŋ/ ɪ noun C

cross /krɔːs/ verb I/T to put one thing across another, or to lie this way T: Weaver Street crosses the Post Road. بستن بغل ، گذاشتن هم رویcrossing /ˈkrɔː·s ŋ/ ɪ noun C a place where a road and a railroad cross

cross /krɔːs/ verb I/T to put one thing across another, or to lie this way T: Weaver Street crosses the Post Road. بستن بغل ، گذاشتن هم رویcrossing /ˈkrɔː·s ŋ/ ɪ noun C a place where a road and a railroad crossتقاطع

lean /liːn/

lean /liːn/

lean /liːn/ verb I/T past leaned

lean /liːn/ verb I/T past leaned SLOPE: to move your body away from a vertical

position so that it is bent forward or resting against something, or to place something in a sloping position against something

lean /liːn/ verb I/T past leaned SLOPE: to move your body away from a vertical

position so that it is bent forward or resting against something, or to place something in a sloping position against something

The driver leaned over us and asked for our tickets.

lean /liːn/ verb I/T past leaned SLOPE: to move your body away from a vertical

position so that it is bent forward or resting against something, or to place something in a sloping position against something

The driver leaned over us and asked for our tickets.

She paused(stopped) for a moment to rest and leaned against a large rock.

lean /liːn/ verb I/T past leaned SLOPE: to move your body away from a vertical

position so that it is bent forward or resting against something, or to place something in a sloping position against something

The driver leaned over us and asked for our tickets.

She paused(stopped) for a moment to rest and leaned against a large rock.

He leaned his bike against the wall.

lean /liːn/ verb I/T past leaned SLOPE: to move your body away from a vertical

position so that it is bent forward or resting against something, or to place something in a sloping position against something

The driver leaned over us and asked for our tickets.

She paused(stopped) for a moment to rest and leaned against a large rock.

He leaned his bike against the wall. دادن تکیه یا کردن تکیه

tap /tæp/ verb I/T -pp- , noun C

tap /tæp/ verb I/T -pp- , noun C HIT to hit something lightly and quickly, or to

make a sound by doing this T She tapped the back of his hand.

tap /tæp/ verb I/T -pp- , noun C HIT to hit something lightly and quickly, or to

make a sound by doing this T She tapped the back of his hand.

Casey is tapping away at his computer.

tap /tæp/ verb I/T -pp- , noun C HIT to hit something lightly and quickly, or to

make a sound by doing this T She tapped the back of his hand.

Casey is tapping away at his computer. She gave him a tap on the shoulder. There was a

tap at the door.

tap /tæp/ verb I/T -pp- , noun C HIT to hit something lightly and quickly, or to

make a sound by doing this T She tapped the back of his hand.

Casey is tapping away at his computer. She gave him a tap on the shoulder. There was a

tap at the door. آرامی به چیزی روی زدن

mirror /ˈm r· r/ ɪ ə

mirror /ˈm r· r/ ɪ ə

mirror /ˈm r· r/ ɪ ə

mirror /ˈm r· r/ ɪ ənoun C

mirror /ˈm r· r/ ɪ ənoun C a piece of glass with a back that reflects light,

producing an image of whatever is in front of it

mirror /ˈm r· r/ ɪ ənoun C a piece of glass with a back that reflects light,

producing an image of whatever is in front of it a rear-view mirror

mirror /ˈm r· r/ ɪ ənoun C a piece of glass with a back that reflects light,

producing an image of whatever is in front of it a rear-view mirror a hand mirror

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ə

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ə

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ə

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ə

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ənoun U

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ənoun U all the parts of sth work together and no part is

emphasized too much.

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ənoun U all the parts of sth work together and no part is

emphasized too much. We’re teaching Sue how to ride a bike, but she’s

still having trouble keeping her balance.

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ənoun U all the parts of sth work together and no part is

emphasized too much. We’re teaching Sue how to ride a bike, but she’s

still having trouble keeping her balance. The horse jumped the fence but landed off

balance and fell.

balance /ˈbæl· ns/ ənoun U all the parts of sth work together and no part is

emphasized too much. We’re teaching Sue how to ride a bike, but she’s

still having trouble keeping her balance. The horse jumped the fence but landed off

balance and fell.تعادل

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃə

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃə

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃə

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃə

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃə

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃənoun C

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃənoun C a movement of the body, hands, arms, or head to

express an idea or feeling

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃənoun C a movement of the body, hands, arms, or head to

express an idea or feeling He made a rude gesture to the crowd after his

tennis match.

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃənoun C a movement of the body, hands, arms, or head to

express an idea or feeling He made a rude gesture to the crowd after his

tennis match. Verb

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃənoun C a movement of the body, hands, arms, or head to

express an idea or feeling He made a rude gesture to the crowd after his

tennis match. verbWhen I asked where the children were, she

gestured toward the beach.

gesture / ˈd es·t r/ ʒ ʃənoun C a movement of the body, hands, arms, or head to

express an idea or feeling He made a rude gesture to the crowd after his

tennis match. verbWhen I asked where the children were, she

gestured toward the beach. ژست ، بدن حرکات

facial /ˈfe · lɪ ʃə/ adjectiveOf the face Casey suffered a facial cut in the accident. چهره به مربوط

Word formationface /fe s/ ɪ noun C facial /ˈfe · l/ ɪ ʃə adjectivefacial /ˈfe · l/ ɪ ʃə noun C faceless /ˈfe ·sl s/ ɪ ə adjective

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ə

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ə

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ə

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ə

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ənoun C/U

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ənoun C/U the act of showing a feeling or idea, or a feeling

or idea that is shown

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ənoun C/U the act of showing a feeling or idea, or a feeling

or idea that is shownShe had such a sad expression on her face that I

wondered what was wrong.

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ənoun C/U the act of showing a feeling or idea, or a feeling

or idea that is shownShe had such a sad expression on her face that I

wondered what was wrong. Freedom of expression

expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ənoun C/U the act of showing a feeling or idea, or a feeling

or idea that is shownShe had such a sad expression on her face that I

wondered what was wrong. Freedom of expression بیان ، نگاه ، حالت

Word formationexpress = SHOW / kɪ ˈspres/ verb T expression / kɪ ˈspre · n/ ʃ ə noun C/U expressionless / kɪ ˈspre · n·l s/ ʃ ə ə adjective expressive / kɪ ˈspres· v/ ɪ adjective showing your feelings in your voice, behavior, or

appearance His singing was beautiful and expressive.

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪ

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪ

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪ

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪadjective

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪadjective happy or hopeful, or giving cause for happiness or

hope

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪadjective happy or hopeful, or giving cause for happiness or

hope It’s important to have a positive attitude when

you have a serious illness.

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪadjective happy or hopeful, or giving cause for happiness or

hope It’s important to have a positive attitude when

you have a serious illness. ≠ negative = NOT HAPPY

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪadjective happy or hopeful, or giving cause for happiness or

hope It’s important to have a positive attitude when

you have a serious illness. ≠ negative = NOT HAPPY امیدوارانه ، شاد ، مثبت

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪadjective happy or hopeful, or giving cause for happiness or

hope It’s important to have a positive attitude when

you have a serious illness. ≠ negative = NOT HAPPY امیدوارانه ، شاد ، مثبتposit ively /ˈp z· t· v·li/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪ adverb

Positive /ˈp z· t· v/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪadjective happy or hopeful, or giving cause for happiness or

hope It’s important to have a positive attitude when

you have a serious illness. ≠ negative = NOT HAPPY امیدوارانه ، شاد ، مثبتposit ively /ˈp z· t· v·li/ ɑ ə ̬ ɪ adverb I just don’t respond positively to being bossed

around.

relationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ʃɪnoun C

relationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ʃɪnoun C 1- the way in which things work together

relationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ʃɪnoun C 1- the way in which things work together2- the way two or more people are connected, or

the way they behave toward each other:

relationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ʃɪnoun C 1- the way in which things work together2- the way two or more people are connected, or

the way they behave toward each other: "What is your relationship to the soloist?" "She's

my daughter."

relationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ʃɪnoun C 1- the way in which things work together2- the way two or more people are connected, or

the way they behave toward each other: "What is your relationship to the soloist?" "She's

my daughter." The two men have a good working relationship.

relationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ʃɪnoun C 1- the way in which things work together2- the way two or more people are connected, or

the way they behave toward each other: "What is your relationship to the soloist?" "She's

my daughter." The two men have a good working relationship. 3- a close friendship between two people.

relationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ʃɪnoun C 1- the way in which things work together2- the way two or more people are connected, or

the way they behave toward each other: "What is your relationship to the soloist?" "She's

my daughter." The two men have a good working relationship. 3- a close friendship between two people. رابطه ، ارتباط ، دوستی

Word formationRelate = CONNECT /rɪˈle t/ ɪ verb I/T related /rɪˈle t· d/ ɪ ̬ ə adjective not gradable relation /rɪˈle · n/ ɪ ʃə noun = connection or similarityrelationship /rɪˈle · nɪ ʃə ˌ p/ ʃɪ noun C =close friendship , رابطه خانوادگی تاثیرگذاری

smile /sm l/ ɑɪ

smile /sm l/ ɑɪ

smile /sm l/ ɑɪ

smile /sm l/ ɑɪ

smile /sm l/ ɑɪ

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C an expression on the face expressing esp.

happiness, = لبخند

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C an expression on the face expressing esp.

happiness, = لبخندa big/happy/pretty smile

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C an expression on the face expressing esp.

happiness, = لبخندa big/happy/pretty smile We exchanged smiles as we passed in the

hallway.

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C an expression on the face expressing esp.

happiness, = لبخندa big/happy/pretty smile We exchanged smiles as we passed in the

hallway. verb I/T

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C an expression on the face expressing esp.

happiness, = لبخندa big/happy/pretty smile We exchanged smiles as we passed in the

hallway. verb I/T I couldn’t help smiling. I When he smiled at me, I

knew everything was OK.

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C an expression on the face expressing esp.

happiness, = لبخندa big/happy/pretty smile We exchanged smiles as we passed in the

hallway. verb I/T I couldn’t help smiling. I When he smiled at me, I

knew everything was OK. smiley /ˈsm ·li/ ɑɪ adjective

smile /sm l/ ɑɪnoun C an expression on the face expressing esp.

happiness, = لبخندa big/happy/pretty smile We exchanged smiles as we passed in the

hallway. verb I/T I couldn’t help smiling. I When he smiled at me, I

knew everything was OK. smiley /ˈsm ·li/ ɑɪ adjectiveHe’s a very smiley, friendly baby.

mood /muːd/

mood /muːd/

mood /muːd/ noun C

mood /muːd/ noun C the way you feel at a particular time S

mood /muːd/ noun C the way you feel at a particular time She’s in a good/bad mood today.

mood /muːd/ noun C the way you feel at a particular time She’s in a good/bad mood today. "Do you want to go to the movies?" "No, I’m not

in the mood (not interested in that )."

mood /muːd/ noun C the way you feel at a particular time She’s in a good/bad mood today. "Do you want to go to the movies?" "No, I’m not

in the mood (not interested in that )." حس ، حالت

mood /muːd/ noun C the way you feel at a particular time She’s in a good/bad mood today. "Do you want to go to the movies?" "No, I’m not

in the mood (not interested in that )." حس ، حالتmoody /ˈmuːd·i/ adjective

mood /muːd/ noun C the way you feel at a particular time She’s in a good/bad mood today. "Do you want to go to the movies?" "No, I’m not

in the mood (not interested in that )." حس ، حالتmoody /ˈmuːd·i/ adjective (of a person) often sad, or changing from being

happy to sad, often for no clear reason

mood /muːd/ noun C the way you feel at a particular time She’s in a good/bad mood today. "Do you want to go to the movies?" "No, I’m not

in the mood (not interested in that )." حس ، حالتmoody /ˈmuːd·i/ adjective (of a person) often sad, or changing from being

happy to sad, often for no clear reason ناراحت

respect /rɪˈspekt/

respect /rɪˈspekt/

respect /rɪˈspekt/

respect /rɪˈspekt/ noun U

respect /rɪˈspekt/ noun U 1- the polite attitude shown toward someone or

something that you consider important

respect /rɪˈspekt/ noun U 1- the polite attitude shown toward someone or

something that you consider important Some drivers don’t have any respect for other

motorists.

respect /rɪˈspekt/ noun U 1- the polite attitude shown toward someone or

something that you consider important Some drivers don’t have any respect for other

motorists. 2- polite expressions of greeting

respect /rɪˈspekt/ noun U 1- the polite attitude shown toward someone or

something that you consider important Some drivers don’t have any respect for other

motorists. 2- polite expressions of greeting pl: Give my respects to your parents.

respect /rɪˈspekt/ noun U 1- the polite attitude shown toward someone or

something that you consider important Some drivers don’t have any respect for other

motorists. 2- polite expressions of greeting pl: Give my respects to your parents. احترام

Word formation respect /rɪˈspekt/ noun U respect /rɪˈspekt/ verb T respectful /rɪˈspekt·f l/ ə adjective respectfully /rɪˈspekt·f ·li/ ə adverb respectable /rɪˈspek·tə·bəl/ adjective respectabil i ty /rɪˌspek·təˈbɪl·ət̬·i/ noun U

occasion /əˈke · n/ ɪ ʒənoun C

occasion /əˈke · n/ ɪ ʒənoun C a particular time when something happens

occasion /əˈke · n/ ɪ ʒənoun C a particular time when something happens Sarah loves dressing up for special occasions.

occasion /əˈke · n/ ɪ ʒənoun C a particular time when something happens Sarah loves dressing up for special occasions. She has lied on several occasions.

occasion /əˈke · n/ ɪ ʒənoun C a particular time when something happens Sarah loves dressing up for special occasions. She has lied on several occasions. This meeting provides an occasion (a suitable

time) to discuss the issues affecting our school.

occasion /əˈke · n/ ɪ ʒənoun C a particular time when something happens Sarah loves dressing up for special occasions. She has lied on several occasions. This meeting provides an occasion (a suitable

time) to discuss the issues affecting our school. موقعیت ، خاص زمان

project /prəˈd ekt/ ʒverb T

project /prəˈd ekt/ ʒverb T1- to throw something forward or into the air

project /prəˈd ekt/ ʒverb T1- to throw something forward or into the air 2-to speak or sing loudly and clearly: Singers are

used to projecting their voices.

project /prəˈd ekt/ ʒverb T1- to throw something forward or into the air 2-to speak or sing loudly and clearly: Singers are

used to projecting their voices. ( جلو( به چیزی کردن پرتاب ، صدا رساندن

project /prəˈd ekt/ ʒverb T1- to throw something forward or into the air 2-to speak or sing loudly and clearly: Singers are

used to projecting their voices. ( جلو( به چیزی کردن پرتاب ، صدا رساندنProjection /prəˈdʒek·ʃən/ noun C/U

project /prəˈd ekt/ ʒverb T1- to throw something forward or into the air 2-to speak or sing loudly and clearly: Singers are

used to projecting their voices. ( جلو( به چیزی کردن پرتاب ، صدا رساندنProjection /prəˈdʒek·ʃən/ noun C/U Loudness

project /prəˈd ekt/ ʒverb T1- to throw something forward or into the air 2-to speak or sing loudly and clearly: Singers are

used to projecting their voices. ( جلو( به چیزی کردن پرتاب ، صدا رساندنProjection /prəˈdʒek·ʃən/ noun C/U loudness بلندی ، رسایی

tone /to n/ ʊnoun U VOICE EXPRESSION: a quality in the voice,

esp. one that expresses the speaker’s feelings, often toward the person being addressed

تن (صدا)

variety variety //vvəə ˈ̍rrɑɪɑɪ··əətt ̬̬··i/i/noun U DIFFERENCEThe markets offer a variety of fresh fruits and

vegetables. You can get magazines there that have a little

bit more variety. a type, تنوع ، گوناگونی

Add variety Make sth interesting by using different things

Word formationVariety /vəˈrɑɪ·ət ̬·I/ various /ˈver·iː·əs, ˈvær-/ adjectivevariously /ˈver·iː·ə·sli, ˈvær-/ adverbvaried /ˈver·iːd, ˈvær-/ adjective vary /ˈver·i, ˈvær·i/ verb I/T variation /ˌver·iːˈe · n, ɪ ʃə ˌvær-/ noun C/U

Raise /re zɪ/

Raise /re zɪ/

Raise /re zɪ/

Raise /re zɪ/

Raise /re zɪ/ verb T

Raise /re zɪ/ verb T to cause something to become bigger or stronger;

increase

Raise /re zɪ/ verb T to cause something to become bigger or stronger;

increase I had to raise my voice to be heard over the

noise in the classroom.

Raise /re zɪ/ verb T to cause something to become bigger or stronger;

increase I had to raise my voice to be heard over the

noise in the classroom. There are no plans to raise taxes, the president

said.

Raise /re zɪ/ verb T to cause something to become bigger or stronger;

increase I had to raise my voice to be heard over the

noise in the classroom. There are no plans to raise taxes, the president

said. دادن افزایش ، بالبردن

Raise /re zɪ/ verb T to cause something to become bigger or stronger;

increase I had to raise my voice to be heard over the

noise in the classroom. There are no plans to raise taxes, the president

said. دادن افزایش ، بالبردنraise /re z/ ɪ noun C

Raise /re zɪ/ verb T to cause something to become bigger or stronger;

increase I had to raise my voice to be heard over the

noise in the classroom. There are no plans to raise taxes, the president

said. دادن افزایش ، بالبردنraise /re z/ ɪ noun C an increase in the amount money you earn She

asked her boss for a raise.

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the

bottom of something

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the

bottom of somethinga low ceiling

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the

bottom of somethinga low ceiling That plane is flying awfully low.

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the

bottom of somethinga low ceiling That plane is flying awfully low. Lower ≠ raise : verb T

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/ low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the bottom of

somethinga low ceiling That plane is flying awfully low. Lower ≠ raise : verb T to reduce sth, or to become less

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/ low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the bottom of

somethinga low ceiling That plane is flying awfully low. Lower ≠ raise : verb T to reduce sth, or to become less T They lowered the asking price of their house.

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/ low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the bottom of

somethinga low ceiling That plane is flying awfully low. Lower ≠ raise : verb T to reduce sth, or to become less T They lowered the asking price of their house. T Please lower your voice speak more softly .

lower /ˈlo · rʊ ə/ low /lo / ʊ adjective, adverb -er/-est only not high or tall; close to the ground, or near the bottom of

somethinga low ceiling That plane is flying awfully low. Lower ≠ raise : verb T to reduce sth, or to become less T They lowered the asking price of their house. T Please lower your voice speak more softly . دادن کاهش ، آوردن پایین

pause /pɔːz/ noun C

pause /pɔːz/ noun C a moment in which sth, such as a sound or an

activity, stops before starting again

pause /pɔːz/ noun C a moment in which sth, such as a sound or an

activity, stops before starting again There was a long pause during which we all

wondered what he would say next.

pause /pɔːz/ noun C a moment in which sth, such as a sound or an

activity, stops before starting again There was a long pause during which we all

wondered what he would say next. مکث ، توقف

pause /pɔːz/ noun C a moment in which sth, such as a sound or an

activity, stops before starting again There was a long pause during which we all

wondered what he would say next. مکث ، توقفverb I

pause /pɔːz/ noun C a moment in which sth, such as a sound or an

activity, stops before starting again There was a long pause during which we all

wondered what he would say next. مکث ، توقفverb I She paused to catch her breath.

pause /pɔːz/ noun C a moment in which sth, such as a sound or an

activity, stops before starting again There was a long pause during which we all

wondered what he would say next. مکث ، توقفverb I She paused to catch her breath. مکث کردن ، توقف کردن

silence /ˈs ·l nsɑɪ ə/ noun U

silence /ˈs ·l nsɑɪ ə/ noun U a state of not speaking or making noise

silence /ˈs ·l nsɑɪ ə/ noun U a state of not speaking or making noise an absence of sound; complete quiet

silence /ˈs ·l nsɑɪ ə/ noun U a state of not speaking or making noise an absence of sound; complete quiet The two men ate in silence and listened to traffic

swishing past on the highway.

silence /ˈs ·l nsɑɪ ə/ noun U a state of not speaking or making noise an absence of sound; complete quiet The two men ate in silence and listened to traffic

swishing past on the highway. Her question was followed by a long silence.سکوت ، بی صدایی

Word formationsilence /ˈs ·l ns/ ɑɪ ə noun U an absence of sound; complete quietsilent /ˈs ·l nt/ ɑɪ ə adjective silently /ˈs ·l nt·li/ ɑɪ ə adverb silencer /ˈs ·l n·s r/ ɑɪ ə ə noun C = صدا خفه کن

decrease decrease //ddɪɪˈ̍krikri ːːs, s, ˈ̍didi ːː·kri·kri ːːs/ s/ verb I/T

decrease decrease //ddɪɪˈ̍krikri ːːs, s, ˈ̍didi ːː·kri·kri ːːs/ s/ verb I/T to become smaller or make sth less , lessen

decrease decrease //ddɪɪˈ̍krikri ːːs, s, ˈ̍didi ːː·kri·kri ːːs/ s/ verb I/T to become smaller or make sth less , lessenCar sales decreased sharply this year.

decrease decrease //ddɪɪˈ̍krikri ːːs, s, ˈ̍didi ːː·kri·kri ːːs/ s/ verb I/T to become smaller or make sth less , lessenCar sales decreased sharply this year. ≠ Opposite: increase =

decrease decrease //ddɪɪˈ̍krikri ːːs, s, ˈ̍didi ːː·kri·kri ːːs/ s/ verb I/T to become smaller or make sth less , lessenCar sales decreased sharply this year. ≠ Opposite: increase = کاهش دادن

decrease decrease //ddɪɪˈ̍krikri ːːs, s, ˈ̍didi ːː·kri·kri ːːs/ s/ verb I/T to become smaller or make sth less , lessenCar sales decreased sharply this year. ≠ Opposite: increase = کاهش دادن noun C

decrease decrease //ddɪɪˈ̍krikri ːːs, s, ˈ̍didi ːː·kri·kri ːːs/ s/ verb I/T to become smaller or make sth less , lessenCar sales decreased sharply this year. ≠ Opposite: increase = کاهش دادن noun C I haven’t noticed any decrease in ticket sales

volume /ˈv l·j m, -juɑ ə ːm/

volume /ˈv l·j m, -juɑ ə ːm/

volume /ˈv l·j m, -juɑ ə ːm/ noun U

volume /ˈv l·j m, -juɑ ə ːm/ noun U the level of sound produced by a television, radio,

etc., or the switch or other device controlling this = loudness

volume /ˈv l·j m, -juɑ ə ːm/ noun U the level of sound produced by a television, radio,

etc., or the switch or other device controlling this = loudness

Could you turn the volume down, please – I’m trying to sleep.

volume /ˈv l·j m, -juɑ ə ːm/ noun U the level of sound produced by a television, radio,

etc., or the switch or other device controlling this = loudness

Could you turn the volume down, please – I’m trying to sleep.

صدا بلندی ، صدا حجم

involve / nɪ ˈv lv, -ɑ ˈvɔːlv/verb T

involve / nɪ ˈv lv, -ɑ ˈvɔːlv/verb T to make sb interested in taking part in sth

involve / nɪ ˈv lv, -ɑ ˈvɔːlv/verb T to make sb interested in taking part in sthto include sb or sth in an activity

involve / nɪ ˈv lv, -ɑ ˈvɔːlv/verb T to make sb interested in taking part in sthto include sb or sth in an activity The accident involved two cars and a truck

involve / nɪ ˈv lv, -ɑ ˈvɔːlv/verb T to make sb interested in taking part in sthto include sb or sth in an activity The accident involved two cars and a truck A good teacher tries to involve children in

activities where they interact with each other.

involve / nɪ ˈv lv, -ɑ ˈvɔːlv/verb T to make sb interested in taking part in sthto include sb or sth in an activity The accident involved two cars and a truck A good teacher tries to involve children in

activities where they interact with each other. شدن کاری در درگیر ، کردن مند علقه

Word formationinvolve / nɪ ˈv lv, -ɑ ˈvɔːlv/involved nɪ ˈv lvd, -ɑ ˈvɔːlvd adjective interested in or taking part in an activity or eventMaria was so involved in her work that she didn’t

hear me come in. involved with sb else= having romantic

relationship. involvement /ɪnˈvɑlv·mənt, -ˈvɔːlv-/ noun C/U

So that To = in order to = so as to به منظور اینکه ، تا

bore bore //bbɔɔːːr, bor, boʊʊr /r /

bore bore //bbɔɔːːr, bor, boʊʊr /r /

bore bore //bbɔɔːːr, bor, boʊʊr /r /

bore bore //bbɔɔːːr, bor, boʊʊr /r /

bore bore //bbɔɔːːr, bor, boʊʊr /r /

bore bore //bbɔɔːːr, bor, boʊʊr /r /verb T to make someone lose interest Am I boring you? bore /bɔːr, boʊr/ noun C Sb / sth that is not interesting All he talks about is money – he’s such a bore. bored /bɔːrd, boʊrd/ adjective He was getting bored doing the same thing every day. boring /ˈbɔːr·ɪŋ, ˈboʊr·ɪŋ/ adjective The car ride was really boring. boredom /ˈbɔːrd·əm, ˈboʊrd-/ noun U She varies her workouts to avoid boredom.

directly /dəˈrek·tli, d -/ ɑɪ

adverb

directly /dəˈrek·tli, d -/ ɑɪ

adverb without anything coming in between

directly /dəˈrek·tli, d -/ ɑɪ

adverb without anything coming in between He went directly home without stopping

anywhere first .

directly /dəˈrek·tli, d -/ ɑɪ

adverb without anything coming in between He went directly home without stopping

anywhere first . مستقیما

Word formationdirect /dəˈrekt, d -/ ɑɪ adjective direct /dəˈrekt, d -/ ɑɪ adverb directly /d+əˈrek·tli, d -/ ɑɪ adverb directness /dəˈrekt·n s, d -/ ə ɑɪ noun U director /dəˈrek·tər, dɑɪ-/ noun C direction /dəˈrek·ʃən, dɑɪ-/ noun U

Humor /ˈhjuː·m r, ə ˈjuː-/ Humour : noun U

Humor /ˈhjuː·m r, ə ˈjuː-/ Humour : noun U AMUSEMENT: the ability to be amused by sth

seen, heard, or thought about, sometimes causing you to smile or laugh, or the quality in sth that causes such amusement

Humor /ˈhjuː·m r, ə ˈjuː-/ Humour : noun U AMUSEMENT: the ability to be amused by sth

seen, heard, or thought about, sometimes causing you to smile or laugh, or the quality in sth that causes such amusement

He has a wonderful sense of humor.

Humor /ˈhjuː·m r, ə ˈjuː-/ Humour : noun U AMUSEMENT: the ability to be amused by sth

seen, heard, or thought about, sometimes causing you to smile or laugh, or the quality in sth that causes such amusement

He has a wonderful sense of humor. Fortunately, she saw the humor in the situation.

Humor /ˈhjuː·m r, ə ˈjuː-/ Humour : noun U AMUSEMENT: the ability to be amused by sth

seen, heard, or thought about, sometimes causing you to smile or laugh, or the quality in sth that causes such amusement

He has a wonderful sense of humor. Fortunately, she saw the humor in the situation. بذله گویی ، شوخ طبعی ، لطیفه گویی

Word formationHumor or humour /ˈhjuː·m r, ə ˈjuː-/ noun U humorist /ˈhjuː·m ·r st, ə ə ˈjuː-/ noun C طنز نویسhumorous /ˈhjuː·m ·r s, ə ə ˈjuː-/ adjective Humorless /ˈhjuː·m r·l s, ə ə ˈjuː-/ adjective humorously /ˈhjuː·m ·r ·sli, ə ə ˈjuː-/ adverb

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ ə

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ ə

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ ə

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ ə

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ əcomic /ˈk m· k/ ɑ ɪ

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ əcomic /ˈk m· k/ ɑ ɪFemale: comedienne /kəˌmiːd·iːˈen/ noun C

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ əcomic /ˈk m· k/ ɑ ɪFemale: comedienne /kəˌmiːd·iːˈen/ noun C a person whose job is to make people laugh by

telling jokes and amusing stories or by copying the behavior or speech of famous people

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ əcomic /ˈk m· k/ ɑ ɪFemale: comedienne /kəˌmiːd·iːˈen/ noun C a person whose job is to make people laugh by

telling jokes and amusing stories or by copying the behavior or speech of famous people

a stand-up comedian

comedian /kəˈmiːd·iː· n/ əcomic /ˈk m· k/ ɑ ɪFemale: comedienne /kəˌmiːd·iːˈen/ noun C a person whose job is to make people laugh by

telling jokes and amusing stories or by copying the behavior or speech of famous people

a stand-up comedian کمدین

More comedy ˈk m· d·i ɑ ə noun C/U 1- a movie, play, or book that is intentionally

amusing either in its characters or its action A lot of Shakespeare’s plays are comedies. 2- the amusing part of a situation: When John forgot his lines in the middle of the

speech it provided some good comedy. comedian kəˈmiːd·iː· n ə comic ˈk m· k ɑ ɪ female comedienne kəˌmiːd·iːˈen noun C

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/ noun U

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/ noun U 1- the character or mood of a place or situation

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/ noun U 1- the character or mood of a place or situation The club provided a relaxed and friendly

atmosphere for its members.

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/ noun U 1- the character or mood of a place or situation The club provided a relaxed and friendly

atmosphere for its members. 2-the mood or feeling produced by a work of

literature.

Atmosphere/ˈæt·məˌsf rɪ/ noun U 1- the character or mood of a place or situation The club provided a relaxed and friendly

atmosphere for its members. 2-the mood or feeling produced by a work of

literature. فضا ، جو ، اتمسفر

Disturb /dɪˈst rb/ ɜverb T INTERRUPT : to cause sb to stop what he/she is

doing, or to interrupt an activity WORRY: to cause sb to feel troubled or upset This year’s election campaign has disturbed a lot

of voters who don’t like either candidate. کردن متوقف ، کردن ایجاد اخلل ، رنجاندن

Word formationdisturb /dɪˈst rb/ ɜ verb T disturbing /dɪˈst r·b ŋ/ ɜ ɪ adjective disturbance /dɪˈst r·b ns/ ɜ ə noun U disturbed /dɪˈstɜrbd/ adjective = confused

ignore / gɪ ˈnɔːr, -ˈno r/ ʊverb T

ignore / gɪ ˈnɔːr, -ˈno r/ ʊverb T to give no attention to something or someone

ignore / gɪ ˈnɔːr, -ˈno r/ ʊverb T to give no attention to something or someone ≠ pay attention

ignore / gɪ ˈnɔːr, -ˈno r/ ʊverb T to give no attention to something or someone ≠ pay attentionThey ignored our warnings.

ignore / gɪ ˈnɔːr, -ˈno r/ ʊverb T to give no attention to something or someone ≠ pay attentionThey ignored our warnings. بی توجهی کردن

Word formationignore /ɪgˈnɔːr, -ˈnoʊr/ verb T ignorant /ˈ g·n ·r nt/ ɪ ə ə adjectivehaving no knowledge or awareness of

something or of things in general We were very young, ignorant, unskilled men. ignorance /ˈ g·n ·r ns/ ɪ ə ə noun U

experience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ənoun C/U

experience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ənoun C/U knowledge or skill that is obtained from doing sth

experience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ənoun C/U knowledge or skill that is obtained from doing sth Do you have any experience working with

children?

experience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ənoun C/U knowledge or skill that is obtained from doing sth Do you have any experience working with

children? I know from experience that it can get quite cold

in Maine this time of year.

experience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ənoun C/U knowledge or skill that is obtained from doing sth Do you have any experience working with

children? I know from experience that it can get quite cold

in Maine this time of year. دانش ، آگاهی ، تجربه

experience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ənoun C/U knowledge or skill that is obtained from doing sth Do you have any experience working with

children? I know from experience that it can get quite cold

in Maine this time of year. دانش ، آگاهی ، تجربهexperience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ ə verb T

experience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ənoun C/U knowledge or skill that is obtained from doing sth Do you have any experience working with

children? I know from experience that it can get quite cold

in Maine this time of year. دانش ، آگاهی ، تجربهexperience / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· ns/ ə verb T experienced / kɪ ˈsp r·iɪ ː· nst/ ə adjective

evaluate /ɪˈvæl·jəˌwe t/ ɪverb T

evaluate /ɪˈvæl·jəˌwe t/ ɪverb T to judge or calculate the value, importance,

amount, or value of something

evaluate /ɪˈvæl·jəˌwe t/ ɪverb T to judge or calculate the value, importance,

amount, or value of something Doctors evaluate the patient’s condition.

evaluate /ɪˈvæl·jəˌwe t/ ɪverb T to judge or calculate the value, importance,

amount, or value of something Doctors evaluate the patient’s condition. + question word: Have they evaluated what their

next step is?

evaluate /ɪˈvæl·jəˌwe t/ ɪverb T to judge or calculate the value, importance,

amount, or value of something Doctors evaluate the patient’s condition. + question word: Have they evaluated what their

next step is? کردن ارزشیابی یا ارزیابی

evaluate /ɪˈvæl·jəˌwe t/ ɪverb T to judge or calculate the value, importance,

amount, or value of something Doctors evaluate the patient’s condition. + question word: Have they evaluated what their

next step is? کردن ارزشیابی یا ارزیابیevaluation /ɪˌvæl·jəˈwe · n/ ɪ ʃə noun C/U

evaluate /ɪˈvæl·jəˌwe t/ ɪverb T to judge or calculate the value, importance,

amount, or value of something Doctors evaluate the patient’s condition. + question word: Have they evaluated what their

next step is? کردن ارزشیابی یا ارزیابیevaluation /ɪˌvæl·jəˈwe · n/ ɪ ʃə noun C/U C Student evaluations of the class will be

collected next week.

More infoInfinitive =

More infoInfinitive =

مصدر باto

More infoInfinitive =

مصدر باto Bare infinitive

More infoInfinitive =

مصدر باto Bare infinitive

مصدر بدونto

More infoInfinitive =

مصدر باto Bare infinitive

مصدر بدونto Bare = without

get along/on phrasal verb

get along/on phrasal verb to have a good relationship or deal successfully

with a situation

get along/on phrasal verb to have a good relationship or deal successfully

with a situation Alexis and her roommate are getting along

better.

get along/on phrasal verb to have a good relationship or deal successfully

with a situation Alexis and her roommate are getting along

better. She doesn’t get on well with her father.

get along/on phrasal verb to have a good relationship or deal successfully

with a situation Alexis and her roommate are getting along

better. She doesn’t get on well with her father. با هم کنار آمدن

norm /nɔːrm/ noun C

norm /nɔːrm/ noun C an accepted standard or a way of being or

doing things

norm /nɔːrm/ noun C an accepted standard or a way of being or

doing things Illness has become the norm for her.

norm /nɔːrm/ noun C an accepted standard or a way of being or

doing things Illness has become the norm for her. استاندارد ، نرم

permission permission //ppəərr ˈ̍mmɪʃɪʃ··əən/ n/ noun U

permission permission //ppəərr ˈ̍mmɪʃɪʃ··əən/ n/ noun U the act of allowing someone to do something,

or of allowing something to happen

permission permission //ppəərr ˈ̍mmɪʃɪʃ··əən/ n/ noun U the act of allowing someone to do something,

or of allowing something to happen Parents have to give their permission for their

children to go on school trips.

permission permission //ppəərr ˈ̍mmɪʃɪʃ··əən/ n/ noun U the act of allowing someone to do something,

or of allowing something to happen Parents have to give their permission for their

children to go on school trips. + to do something: We had to get permission

from the city to build an extension to our house.

permission permission //ppəərr ˈ̍mmɪʃɪʃ··əən/ n/ noun U the act of allowing someone to do something,

or of allowing something to happen Parents have to give their permission for their

children to go on school trips. + to do something: We had to get permission

from the city to build an extension to our house. اجازه

Word formationlecture /ˈlek·t r/ ʃə noun C a formal, prepared talk given to a group of

people, esp. students a lecture on astronomy سخنرانی lecture /ˈlek·t r/ ʃə verb I She’s lecturing on the geology of the

region. lecturer /ˈlek·t ·r r/ ʃə ə noun C