By: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua,

NY

PeriodizationPeriodization

Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6c

The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism:

St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat. curb heresies crusades; Inquisition tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.

Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Darker, simplistic interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance

Carolingian MinisculeCarolingian Miniscule

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

England England

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

FeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood

KNIGHT

SQUIRE

PAGE

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at work at work

William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066

(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System

Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances.

Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215

King John IKing John I Runnymeade “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council of advisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament

Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved:

o House of Lords nobles & clergy.o House of Commons knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

France France

Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style

Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows.

“Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade

Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest

Medieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities

Oxford UniversityOxford University

Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval TradeMedieval Trade

Medieval GuildsMedieval Guilds

Guild Guild HallHall

Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild