Post on 21-Jan-2015
description
2. 3. Xenophobiathe fear/distrust of any one who is foreign or
strangers.
Ethnocentricitythe firm belief that your society is the center of
the universe, the best, and , therefore, that everyone else is not
as good.
4. Cabot, Drake, and Hudson Explore
5. 6. English Settlements
England was already in America as early as 1475, by some
speculations, fishing on the coasts of Newfoundland. They continued
their quiet enterprise in the New World throughout the 1500's,
fishing along the North American coast between France's fur trade
to the north and Spain's mineral exportation to the south. The
English began trade with the Indians for pelts and furs, and also
began to raid villages and take slaves. They also made good money
raiding Spanish treasure ships. Interest in America increased
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I; it was seen as a way to
compete with Spain and an untapped source for raw materials, gold,
and more lucrative trade routes, such as the elusive Northwest
Passage.
Many English fishermen spent time re-supplying or even passing the
winter on the North American shore. However, it wasn't until 1587
that a permanent colony was proposed.
By the late 16th century, Europe, and particularly England, by this
time was becoming increasingly imperial. War-torn lands brought
about a population shift of people into the urban areas; the
population of London at this time tripled. This created not only an
increase desire for land, but also a more stratified society with a
growing middle class. It was this English middle class that would
come to America, looking to make money and to own land.
7. Roanoke & CroatoanEnglish Settlement at
Roanoke1584-1590
Sketch of Roanoke
8. 'Lost Colony'
Just after the colonists left, supply ships from Raleigh and then
the long-awaited Grenville arrived, now too late. Grenville left
fifteen soldiers to watch over the abandoned colony. These fifteen
soldiers would never be seen again.
1587 (July)--Roanoke 2: The Lost Colony. Raleigh once again
organized an expedition to colonize America, two years after his
first failure. This time he recruited 150 people, including women
and families, and notably experienced farmers and less soldiers.
However, they came just as ill-equipped and just as hostile toward
the native populations.
Although the second expedition had planned to settle farther in the
bay, they ended up settling at the original site of the first
colony. The fifteen soldiers that had been left there were not to
be found; one body was recovered, but no sign of the others was
ever discovered.
9. PowhatanEnglish Settlement at Jamestown1607-1620
1607 (May 14)--England in Virginia. After the disastrous first
colony at Roanoke, the English once again came to the Chesapeake
area in May 1607.An English businessman recruited 120 men who
wanted to go to America, and they sailed on three ships for the New
World under Captain John Smith.
10. Captain John Smith
Virginians know that Captain John Smith was one of the first
American heroes. But because he was a proud and boastful man, it is
difficult to know which parts of his life are fact and which are
fiction. What many people may not know is that Smith's adventures
started even before Jamestown. Born in 1580 in Willoughby, England,
John Smith left home at age 16 after his father died. He began his
travels by joining volunteers in France who were fighting for Dutch
independence from Spain. Two years later, he set off for the
Mediterranean Sea, working on a merchant ship. In 1600 he joined
Austrian forces to fight the Turks in the "Long War." A valiant
soldier, he was promoted to Captain while fighting in Hungary. He
was fighting in Transylvania two years later in 1602. There he was
wounded in battle, captured, and sold as a slave to a Turk. This
Turk then sent Smith as a gift to his sweetheart in Istanbul.
According to Smith, this girl fell in love with him and sent him to
her brother to get training for Turkish imperial service. Smith
reportedly escaped by murdering the brother and returned to
Transylvania by fleeing through Russia and Poland. After being
released from service and receiving a large reward, he traveled all
through Europe and Northern Africa. He returned to England in the
winter of 1604-05.
11. Pocahontas
Powhatan's daughter, Pocahontas - a nickname which means "my
favorite daughter, or mischievous one" and not her real name (her
real name was Matoaka, or little down feather from the Canada geese
that winter on the Chesapeake) - told the leader of the colony,
John Smith, of her father's agenda; history would remember her as
"saving" the colonists from a trap.
The story of Pocahontas saving John Smith may possibly be legend;
however, legend follows history in the next saga. After
negotiations were broken off, Pocahontas was taken prisoner by the
colonists as a bargaining chip for the return of white prisoners
Chief Powhatan had. Later, she married John Rolfe, a white settler
and established a peace between the Powhatan and the Virginia
settlers.
12. Peter Minuit
Peter Minuit (1580 1638was the Director General of the Dutch colony
of New Netherland from 1626 until 1633. He is most famous for the
purchase of the island of Manhattan from the Native Americans
(Algonkins), on May 24, 1626. However, it is little noted that
Minuit purchased the island not from its owners, but from a tribe
in the Bronx who had no claim on the island.
Minuit was appointed the third director general of New Netherland
by the Dutch West India Company in December 1625 and arrived in the
colony on May 4, 1626. On May 24 of the same year he is credited
with the purchase of the island from the natives -- perhaps from a
Metoac tribe known as the Canarsee -- in exchange for trade goods
valued at 60 guilders.
This figure is known from a letter by Peter Schagen to the board of
the Dutch West India Company: a traditional conversion to US$ 24
using 19th century exchange rates is not particularly meaningful.
The trade goods are sometimes identified as beads and trinkets, but
that may also have been an embellishment by 19th century
writers.
A contemporary purchase of rights in Staten Island, New York to
which Minuit was also party involved duffel cloth, iron kettles and
axe heads, hoes, wampum, drilling awls, "Jew's Harps," and "diverse
other wares".
13. Peter Stuyvesant
PETER STUYVESANT(1610?-1672), was the last Dutch governor of New
Netherland. This area included land in present-day New York and
several nearby states.
Around 1632, Stuyvesant entered the service of the Dutch West India
Company. By 1643, its directors had appointed him governor of the
Caribbean islands of Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire. The next year, he
lost a leg while taking part in an unsuccessful attempt to capture
the Spanish island of St. Martin.
In 1646, Stuyvesant became director-general of all Dutch territory
in the Caribbean and North America. In 1647, he arrived in New
Amsterdam (now New York City) to take charge of New Netherland. In
New Netherland, Stuyvesant had to deal with disorder in the
colony's government, boundary disputes with other European
colonies, and conflicts with a number of local Indian tribes. He
soon negotiated peace treaties with several Indian groups. In 1650,
he established the colony's eastern border by agreeing to give New
England colonists much disputed land. But Stuyvesant protected all
land under actual Dutch control from further English
expansion.
In 1655, he captured New Sweden, including lands in what are now
New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. He named the region New
Amstel and made it a part of New Netherland.
Stuyvesant governed with absolute power. His methods were often
effective, but they caused tension between him and the colonists.
In 1664, an English fleet ordered the surrender of New Amsterdam.
The colonists refused to support Stuyvesant, and he was forced to
give in. He sailed to Holland in disgrace, but he returned to New
York after a few years and settled on his bouwerij (farm), part of
which later became the Bowery of New York City. Stuyvesant died
there and lies buried on the site of St. Mark's Church.
14. Peg-Leg Pete
Among the projects built by Stuyvesant's administration were the
protective wall on Wall Street, the canal which became Broad
Street, and Broadway.
He lost his leg in a battle with the Spanish over the island of
Saint Maarten and wore a peg leg for most of his adult life,
leading the Native Americans to dub him "Father Wooden Leg".
15. Old Silver Nails
Stuyvesant became known as "Peg Leg Pete" and "Old Silver Nails"
from the stick of wood studded with silver nails that was his
artificial limb.
The ill-fitting prosthesis may have been the reason for his reputed
ill-tempered manner and autocratic style.
16. Lasting Impact of the Dutch
Sinter Klaus--The original Santa Claus was the Dutch Sinter Klaus,
or "Klaus of the cinders," which was the Dutch name for the Good
God Thor! The god Thor was the god of the sun, of fire and of
lightning (his name, of course, means "thunder"). His altar was in
every home throughout the pre-patriarchal Scandinavian world, and
in most people's homes for long after the Bronze-age invaders
arrived . It was the fireplace, of course.
Every year on his birthday (Yuletide, December 25), Thor would
visit every little child and bring presents, coming down the
chimney to his own personal altar. (He was known as "Klaus of the
cinders" or Sinter Klaus, because children assumed he would have to
be singed just a bit in order to come through the flaming fire in
mid-winter.)
Easter Eggs
Waffles
Toboggans and Sledding and Sleighs
Skiing and ice skating
BowlingTen Pins
Sauerkraut
17. Beer 18. Names like:Van or Vander or Roosevelt 19. Wall Street, Haarlem, Bowery, Canal street, Broadway=all of Dutch origin 20. Manhattan Indians sold it for $24 of trinkets 21. Dutch trade with the Iroquois Indians, NOT the Hurons