Left: Draupadi Ratha at Mahabalipuram, 7th centuryRight: Arjuna Ratha at Mahabalipuram, 7th century

ratha/ pyramidal roof (vimana)/ imitation of wood constructions

Durga Temple (Aihole, India) 675-725

influence of the Buddhist chaityas/ horseshoe-shaped cella

Brihadishvara (or Rajarajeshvara) Temple at Thanjavur, begun 1002-3

gopurams/ rectangular cloister/ Chola dynasty/ King Rajaraja I

Left: Krishna watching the gopis at their

toilette, decoration from the first gopuram

at ThanjavurBelow: First gopuram at

Thanjavur

A painted gopuram from Madurai

Skihara from the Brihadishvara, or Rajarajeshvara,

Temple at Thanjavur

pyramidal vimana/ stupi

Linga gallery of the

Thanjavur Temple with

wall of paintings depicting

scenes from the mythology of Shiva, 12th

century

Lingaraja Temple

(Bhuvanesvar, India), c. 11th-12th centuries

ascending towers/ amalaka

Visvanatha Temple (Khajuraho, India), c. 1000

Entrance and plan to the Visvanatha Temple

(Khajuraho, India), c. 1000

Mt. Meru/ emphasis on the exterior/ plinths/ mandapa

roofs of the mandapa and their pyramidal

eaves

Tantrism/ yantra

Ardhanari (A composite image of

male and female energy depicted as the Hindu god Shiva, with his consort Uma or

Pavarti

Stupa at Borobudur (Java), c. 800

use of the mandala to represent the three spheres of Buddhist cosmology

rectilinear base and the first four tiers /60 reliefs on the base/ jatakas and sutras on the rectilinear

four tiers/ circular upper four tiers

dhyani Buddhas of the upper circular tiers