Drug Awareness

Cst. Kevin FoleyCst. Kevin FoleyCommunity ServiceCommunity Service

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What's What's Current?Current?

Student drug use survey 2012 Nova Scotia Student drug use survey 2012 Nova Scotia

Drug CategoriesDrug Categories CNS CNS DepressantsDepressants CNS CNS StimulantsStimulants HallucinogensHallucinogens CannabisCannabis Opioid Analgesics (Narcotics) Opioid Analgesics (Narcotics) Inhalants Inhalants Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic Steroids

DepressantsDepressants

Slows down or depression of the Central Nervous system Slows down or depression of the Central Nervous system False sense of confidenceFalse sense of confidenceInhibitions are loweredInhibitions are loweredThinking, speaking slowerThinking, speaking slowerMore energy (initially)More energy (initially)

Alcohol Librium

Rohypnol Valium

Ativan GHB

Ketamine DXM

Stimulant DrugsStimulant Drugs

Speeds up or excites the central nervous systemSpeeds up or excites the central nervous systemEuphoriaEuphoriaSuppresses appetite Suppresses appetite Increases alertness, endurance and energy Increases alertness, endurance and energy Psychological and physical dependence can developPsychological and physical dependence can develop

•Cocaine

•Crack Cocaine

•Crystal Meth

•Ritalin

•Nicotine

•Caffeine

Narcotics / OpiatesNarcotics / OpiatesHighly addictive painkillersHighly addictive painkillersProduces a sense of euphoria or well beingProduces a sense of euphoria or well beingAlters perceptionAlters perceptionPhysical and psychologically addictivePhysical and psychologically addictive

• Heroin HydromorphoneHeroin Hydromorphone

• Morphine FentanylMorphine Fentanyl

• CodeineCodeine

• OpiumOpium

• MethadoneMethadone

• Percocet/ PercodanPercocet/ Percodan

• Oxycontin (Oxycodone)Oxycontin (Oxycodone)

• DilaudidDilaudid

HallucinogensHallucinogens

Affects the mind and the senses Affects the mind and the senses Cause hallucinations and distort one’s sense of realityCause hallucinations and distort one’s sense of realityAffects perception, emotion and mental processesAffects perception, emotion and mental processesPsychological dependencePsychological dependence

• LSD ( Acid)LSD ( Acid)

• Psilocybin (magic mushrooms)Psilocybin (magic mushrooms)

• PCP PCP

• PeyotePeyote

• MescalineMescaline

InhalantsInhalantsDepressant drugs Depressant drugs Produce feelings of euphoria, light headedness Produce feelings of euphoria, light headedness Slow down the body functions such as breathingSlow down the body functions such as breathingUse can cause brain damage and deathUse can cause brain damage and death

•Gasoline

•Shoe polish

•Paint remover

•Hair spray

•Liquid paper

What is the most abused Drug in the world today?

AlcoholIs the most widely abused substance in the world.

There are 76.3 million persons in the world with

Alcohol abuse disorders

Alcohol causes 2 million deaths annually.

CannabisThe most used illegal The most used illegal substance in Canadasubstance in Canada

Marijuana, Hashish, Marijuana, Hashish, Hash OilHash Oil

Honey Oil & Weed OilHoney Oil & Weed Oil

THC is the psychoactive THC is the psychoactive ingredient ingredient

THC levels much higher THC levels much higher today today

THC Levels30 years ago 3% to 5% THC

TO DATE 31% THC

The Norm 15% to 20% THC

CannabisCannabis

Alters mood, thinking, perceptions, behaviorAlters mood, thinking, perceptions, behavior “ “Laid back” and/ or paranoidLaid back” and/ or paranoid

Short term memory effectedShort term memory effectedMotivation impacted: a motivational syndromeMotivation impacted: a motivational syndromePhysical & Psychological dependence can Physical & Psychological dependence can developdevelopSenses affected - increaseSenses affected - increaseIncreased Heart RateIncreased Heart RateRed/Bloodshot eyes/dry mouthRed/Bloodshot eyes/dry mouthIncreased appetiteIncreased appetite

Cannabis MarijuanaLONG TERM EFFECTSLONG TERM EFFECTS Addiction (physical & psychological)Addiction (physical & psychological) ParanoiaParanoia Personal potential not metPersonal potential not met Persistent anxietyPersistent anxiety Impairs learning skillsImpairs learning skills Memory difficultiesMemory difficulties

Cannabis MarijuanaCost:Cost:

$20- gram$20- gram

( 1 gram = 2-3 joints)( 1 gram = 2-3 joints)

( 1 joint = 2 hr. high)( 1 joint = 2 hr. high)

$320 to $350 - oz.$320 to $350 - oz.

STREET NamesPot Weed

Grass MaryJane

Green Bud

Dope Hydro

Packaging

CocaineCrystalline Powder and Crystalline Powder and Crack CocaineCrack Cocaine

From leaves of Coca From leaves of Coca bush in South Americabush in South America

Snorted, injected or Snorted, injected or smoked smoked

Effects last 3 - 4 hours Effects last 3 - 4 hours if snortedif snorted

Effects last 10 minutes Effects last 10 minutes if smoked (Crack)if smoked (Crack)

Adulterants added to Adulterants added to cocainecocaine

DextrosDextros “Vitiman C”“Vitiman C”

Baking SodaBaking Soda LidocaineLidocaine

NovacainNovacain Benzocaine Benzocaine

Talcum PowderTalcum Powder Baby LaxativeBaby Laxative

AjaxAjax

LavamsoleLavamsole Other DrugsOther Drugs

Cocaine & Levamisole

Antiparasitic drug used by veterinarians to treat worm infestations

Authorities believe the drug is added in Columbia

DEA testing laboratories report that more than 70% of the illicit cocaine analyzed in 2009 was positive for levamisole (up from 30% in 2008)

Cocaine & Levamisole

almost 80% who test positive for cocaine also test positive for levamisole

Sept 2009 - 20 confirmed or probable cases of agranulocytosis, including 2 deaths (an acute febrile condition marked by severe decrease in white blood cells)

Doctors who treat drug overdoses at times have no idea this is going on.

Levamisole SymptomsSymptoms

It weakens the body’s immune system and leavespatients vulnerable to infections which Include:

high fever swollen glands painful sores on the mouth or anus lingering infections, including sore throat mouth sores skin infections Abscesses pneumonia

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTSof Cocaine

Increases AlertnessWakefulnessConcentration & energyIrritability & restlessnessElevates the mood mild/high euphoriaDecreases fatigue (insomnia) High doses may exhibit a pattern of

psychosis fear paranoia hallucinations confused and disorganized behavior

May become extremely antisocial and aggressive

PHYSICAL EFFECTS

Increases heart rate blood pressure body temperature speed of respiration sweating

DecreasesDecreases sleep appetite

seizure threshold Associated with seizures,

strokes, and heart attacks.

Packaging

$$ Cocaine Prices $$

Cocaine (Powder)

$40 ½ gm $80 gm$220 8 ball 1/8 oz$1100 - $1600 oz

Crack (Rock)

$50 - .3 gm (one hit)– 10 minute duration10 minute duration

Acid (LSD)

Lysergic Acid DiethylamideHallucinogen

Sold in paper blotter or micro-dot tablets $5 a hit

Synthesized from fungus grown on grain

Effects last 5 to 12 hours

Can cause serious and lasting mental illness

Acid (LSD)The effects of LSD are unpredictableDepends

– Amount taken Personality– Mood Expectations– Surroundings

Effects– Felt 30-90 minutes – Dilated pupils– Higher body temperature– Increased heart rate and blood pressure– Sweating– loss of appetite– Sleeplessness– Dry mouth– Tremors.

PSILOCYBIN“Magic Mushrooms”

Restricted Drug

Fungi - mushroom

Effects last several hours

Effects

Same as L.S.D.

PSILOCYBINHallucinogenic Classified chemically as Tryptamines Most mushrooms are found in nature, but can also be produced in Clandestine Labs Doses of 10 to 20 mg. produce;

muscle relaxation dilation of pupils vivid visual and auditory distortions emotional disturbance

Signs & Symptoms

Dilated Pupils

Warm Skin

Excessive Perspiration

Body Odor

Distorted senses (sight, hearing, & touch)

Distorted image of self

Distorted sense of time perception

Impaired Coordination

Mood & Behaviour Changes

Aggressive Behaviour

Elevated Heart Rate/Blood Pressure

Unpredictable Flashback

Confusion/Disorientation

Euphoria

Street Names

BoomersMagic mushroomShroomsMuskShermSilly puttySimple simon

KETAMINE (Special K))Powerful tranquilizer

Powder or liquid form

Last up to 2 hours

Snorted in powder form

Creates dreamy, floating sensation

Numbness in extremities

Can be used as a date rape drug

KETAMINESimilar to phencyclidine (PCP) Molecule & creates Similar to phencyclidine (PCP) Molecule & creates similar effectssimilar effectsLow doses Low doses (25-100mg) known as “K-Land,” “K-Land,”

a mellow, colorful “wonder world”a mellow, colorful “wonder world”Higher doses known as K-Hole, out of body, near-death Higher doses known as K-Hole, out of body, near-death experienceexperienceNo feeling of pain, cause injury No feeling of pain, cause injury May relieve tension and anxietyMay relieve tension and anxietyPurported to be a sexual stimulantPurported to be a sexual stimulant1 Gram can cause Death1 Gram can cause Death‘‘High' usually last 1 hour, can last 4-6 hrsHigh' usually last 1 hour, can last 4-6 hrs24-48 hours "normal" again24-48 hours "normal" againphysical and/or psychological dependence can occur

GHB (GAMMA-

HYDROXYBUTYRATE)Gamma Butyrolactone (GBL) – industrialsolvent in paint thinners & wood strippers

Sodium Hydroxide – Lye, drain openers

Liquid, white powder, tablet, capsule Can be mixed with liquids & difficult to detect Odourless but alone it has a soapy or salty taste Last up to 4 hours

GHB (GAMMA-

HYDROXYBUTYRATE)Induces state of relaxation

Euphoric effects

Known as G, liquid X, caps,

scoop, goop, Georgia Home Boy, Grievous Bodily Harm.

No trace 24 to 48 hours

Also a Date Rape Drug

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Powerful stimulant related to Methamphetamine

Stimulates the release of Serotonin

Classified as both a

stimulant / hallucinogen

High lasts 1 to 6 hours

Known as the Love Drug or

Club Drug

Colors, shapes, symbols or logos,

appealing giving false impression

it is safe

80% seized are other drugs

$5 to $15 pill

BZP, TFMPP, Foxy MethoxyBZP, TFMPP, Foxy Methoxy

BZP, TFMPP, Foxy MethoxyBZP, TFMPP, Foxy Methoxy

Used Antiparasitic Drug to get rid of Fleas & Ticks in sheep herds.

Used as single chemical or combination to mimic the effects of Ecstasy.

Does not last as long and is extremely toxic to internal organs especially the liver

Ecstasy (MDMA)Increased heart rateIncreased blood pressureIncreased body temperatureJaw and teeth clenching/muscle tensionHypertensionDehydrationChills and/or SweatingNauseaBlurred visionFaintnessDizzinessConfusionInsomniaParanoia

EcstasyEcstasy (MDMA)

MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS:LARGE DOSE

Muscle breakdownHyperthermiakidney failureHeart attack

LONG TERMLONG TERM DepressionDepressionSleep disordersSleep disordersParanoiaParanoiaDrug cravingDrug cravingPersistent elevation of anxietyPersistent elevation of anxietyLiver damageLiver damageBrain damageBrain damageParalysisParalysisPossible others pending researchPossible others pending research

Street NamesE XTC Rolls Adam The Club Drug Designer Drug The Party Drug Hug Drug Disco Biscuits White Doves New Yorkers Love Drug Lover’s speedBombs

BATH SALTS

Available since 2007

Popular at rave & dance clubs in Europe and the

UK

No withdrawal effects

Sold online usually as plant food

or bath salts

Bath SaltsA very scary stimulant with psychoactive Properties. The chemicals are synthetic derivatives of Cathinone:

MDPV - Methylenedioxypyrovalerone

Mephedrone - methylmethcathinone

Methylone – Methylenedioxymethcathinone

Flephedrone

Pryovalerone

2CB, 2CE, 2CI2CB, 2CE, 2CI

Physical/Psychological Effects

Possible psychological addiction

Effects can last 2 to 4 hours

depending on method of ingestion

Effects within 2 to 15 min.

Bath SaltsBath SaltsSold in powder form in in small plastic or

foil packages

200 to 500 mg/package. Powder varies from fine white, off white, or slightly

yellow.

Also found in Tablet or capsule form

Sold on internet $25 to $50

Sell on the Internet for $25.00 to $50.00

Physical/Psychological EFFECTS

Agitation Paranoia/delusionsInsomnia IrritabilityDizziness DepressionHallucinations Chest painSuicide High blood pressure Increased pulse rate Nose bleedsNose burns Nausea Vomiting AnxietySweating Dilated pupilsAggression Cold or blue fingers

User also report impaired perception ofreality, reduced motor control and decreased ability to think clearly.

How It’s Used Snorted

Taken as a pill

Injected

Mixed in a drink

It's rarely smoked

Bath SALTSBath SALTSStreet names:

Drone Bubbles

Meow Meow

Molly 4-MMC

MCAT MM-cat

Stardust Krabba

Sunshine Ivory Wave

Purple Wave

Vanilla Sky Bliss

OXYCONTINOXYCONTIN

Semi-synthetic form of opium

Similar in effect to Codeine,

Methadone & Morphine

Used to treat moderate to severe pain

Known as Oxy's, OC's, Killer's, Poor

Man's Heroin, Hillbilly Heroin

CNS Depressant

Highly addictive

Patent expired

Why People Use Oxy’s

Euphoric effectEuphoric effect

Mitigate painMitigate pain

Avoid withdrawalAvoid withdrawal

Consistent dosage Consistent dosage

Clean drug compared to Clean drug compared to street drugs street drugs

$ Cost of Addiction $$50 per 80mg. Tab

$150 per day - moderate addiction 3 tabs per day (IV)

$400 – $500 per day heavy addiction 8 to 10 tabs per day (IV)

Crystal MethStrong CNS stimulantStrong CNS stimulant

Can be Snorted, Smoked, Can be Snorted, Smoked, Ingested or InjectedIngested or Injected

Lasts 12-16 hoursLasts 12-16 hours intense rushintense rush more extreme than Crackmore extreme than Crack

Releases high levels ofReleases high levels of dopaminedopamine

Extremely addictiveExtremely addictive

Why Crystal Meth ?More PowerfulMore Powerful than cocainethan cocaine

LastsLasts 3-4 times as long3-4 times as long as Cocaineas Cocaine

CheaperCheaper than cocainethan cocaine

Easily producedEasily produced in simple home in simple home based labs and ingredientsbased labs and ingredientsreadily available readily available

Why Meth is So Addictive?

Drug induced levels of Dopamine:Drug induced levels of Dopamine: Ethanol 200Ethanol 200 Cocaine 350Cocaine 350 Crack 750Crack 750 Meth 1400 (Major reward for 14 hrs.!!)Meth 1400 (Major reward for 14 hrs.!!)

Dopamine Transporters get decreased due to flooding Dopamine Transporters get decreased due to flooding of high levels for an extended timeof high levels for an extended time

Brain is destroyed and effects are similar to Parkinson'sBrain is destroyed and effects are similar to Parkinson'sdiseasedisease

Why Meth is so addictiveMeth affects the following brain centersMeth affects the following brain centers

Reward centers Memory Judgment Emotion

Craving is intense which does not go away

Addicts clean for 10 years, have cravings when Meth is

discussed

How Do I Recognize Meth Users

Violent and erratic behavior

Gaunt look, Sore oily skin Skin twitching Anhedonia – inability to experience pleasure Dryness of mucous membranes Tremors Rapid Weight Loss

Paranoid/Suspicious Sleeplessness and

severe depression Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Extreme irritability and Anxiety Seizures Nervousness

How Do I Recognize Meth Users

Weight loss

Cough, sinus infections

Burnt or blistered lips and/or fingers tips fromholding hot "Ice Pipes"

Teeth grinding, bad teeth, sweating, and body odor

Skin ulceration and infections, the result of pickingat the skin at imaginary bugs.

Meth forms & $$

Normally a powder or glass

like shards

Packaged in bags, gel caps,

condoms

Sells for $10 - $15 a point or

$80 - $120 a gram

1 pt. is equal to 1/10 gram

Powder could be white, clear,

green, blue, pink, yellow, etc

The Language of Meth Users

Crank, meth, crystal, ice: methamphetamineCOOKING: making methSPUN: highRIG: hypodermic needleRUN: multiple days of using meth without sleepingCRASH: long period of sleep following a runTWEEKING: going on a long runTWEAKER: chronic meth userSHADOW PEOPLE: image commonly cited by methusers in periods of paranoia

BURNT FINGERS FROM an ICE PIPE

Beauty and the Beast The Same Person on

Meth

Newfoundland & Labrador (CADUMS 2008)

Newfoundland & Labrador have the highest percentage of heavy drinking in the country (9.4%)

Cannabis use in Newfoundland & Labrador is reported to be 9.8%

In Newfoundland & Labrador, illicit drug use (excluding cannabis) is reported to be 2.9%

Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey (2008)

Community ResourcesCommunity Resources

Alcoholics Anonymous 579-5215Information Line 579-6091Narcotics Anonymous 579-4290Regional Meeting List 1-800-205-8420Gambling Crisis Line 1-888-899-4357Recovery Centre 752-4980Rowan Centre- Adolescent Day Program 752-4919 (Contact Addiction Services)

Addictions Services, St. John's Office 752-4919Addictions Services – Opioid (Methadone) Clinic 752-4478LeMarchant House 777-3622Waterford Hospital Addictions Program 777-3330Credit Counseling 753-5812Janeway Community Mental Health Division:Adolescent House 777-5180Mental Health Crisis Center (Crisis Line ONLY) 737-4668Toll Free Line (Crisis Line ONLY) 1-888-737-4668General Office Line 737-4271Smokers Help Line 722-1867Toll Free Line 1-800-363-5864

Aids Committee of NL 579-8656 Toll Free 1-800-563-1575

Drug Recognition Experts Drug Recognition Experts (DRE’s)(DRE’s)

Specially Trained Police Officers Specially Trained Police Officers

Sobriety TestingSobriety Testing– Blood / Urine testBlood / Urine test– Blood PressureBlood Pressure– Pupil DilationPupil Dilation