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Drug and alcohol use by young people: a comparison of findings from rural and urban areas
Alcohol, drugs and anti-social behaviour in rural areas: strategies to turn the tide
11 June 2009, Nottingham
Angela Balding/Dr.David Regis, Schools Health Education Unit, Exeter
www.sheu.org.uk
and a bit about anti-social behaviour
Contents
Introduction Earlier findings Analysis by school description of
catchment Analysis by DR description of authority Conclusions
Introduction
SHEU databanks Contract research work
– mostly young people, mostly in schools, mostly about PSHE
– mostly for LAs, PCTs, DATs
Annual compilations from contract survey work
Large bank of questions
Earliest 1986
Young People in...
SHEU databanksEver tried illegal drugs
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
'87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04
Earlier findings about urban/rural differences
Earlier findings 1 Drug use 1997 (published 1998)
– compared drug use in three contrasting areas, and found the highest use was in the most rural area.
2002: Alcohol and drugs in and pupil description of location: – For drug experience 'in the last month', little difference with
location for 12-13 year olds, with around 4% reporting drug experience.
– However, more 14-15 year olds living in villages compared to towns reported drug experience 'in the last month'
• 21% in the villages compared with 16% in the towns.
– Data about 'Having alcohol last week' show figures to be generally higher for village dwellers.
Earlier findings 2 2006: location question dropped, but analysed drink and drugs by
authority (London/other City councils/other councils)
MALES FEMALES
DRINK DRUGS DRINK DRUGS
1 Other Other Other London
2 Other City City Other
3 City Other City City
4 Other City Other City
5 City City – It is non-metropolitan counties with a high proportion of rural
communities who top three of the lists.– No evidence to suggest that living in an urban environment
exposes young people to unique risks with respect to drinking or drug use.
Analysis by school description of catchment area 2008
The 2008 sample
Year 8 Year 10 All
12-13y 14-15y
Males 14,355 14,100 28,455
Females 14,910 14,454 29,364
All 29,265 28,554 57,819
Health warning: statistical significance
Where did the 2008 sample come from? Bristol, Cambridgeshire, Camden,
Cumbria, Dudley, Durham, Essex, Gateshead, Greenwich, Haringey, Hertfordshire, Knowsley, Lambeth, Lancashire, N Yorkshire, Peterborough, Southampton, Sunderland, Swindon, Wiltshire
School description of catchment
Proportion of pupils:Rural/suburban/urban/inner urban
If 50% or more rural = rural school Pupils attending Rural schools N=11,224 Pupils attending Urban schools N=18,957 Rural schools less ethnically diverse,
higher mean income
Smoking last week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Smoking
%
Yr.8 M Yr.8 F Yr.10 M Yr.10 F
Smoking last week in urban and rural schools: n.s. : p<0.01
0
20
40
60
80
100
Males Females
%
Rural Urban
Alcohol use
0
20
40
60
80
100
Any alcohol last week
%
Yr.8 M Yr.8 F Yr.10 M Yr.10 F
Alcohol use among Y10 pupilsin urban and rural schools
0
20
40
60
80
100
Males Females
%
Rural Urban
More than 10 units a week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Rural
%
Yr.8 M Yr.8 F Yr.10 M Yr.10 F
More than 10 units a week (Y10)in urban and rural schools
0
20
40
60
80
100
Males Females
%
Rural Urban
Drug use
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ever tried one or more of a list of drugs
%
Yr.8 M Yr.8 F Yr.10 M Yr.10 F
Drug use among Year 10 pupilsin rural and urban schools n.s.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Males Females
%
Rural Urban
Types of drugs usedin rural and urban schools
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Am
ph
etamin
es
Barb
iturates
Can
nab
is oil
Can
nab
is leaf/resin
'Date-rap
e' dru
gs
Ecstasy
Co
caine
Crack
Hallu
cino
gen
s:n
atural
Hallu
cino
gen
s:syn
thetic
Hero
in
Op
iates
Po
pp
ers
So
lvents u
sed as
dru
gs
Mu
scle-bu
ildin
gstero
ids
Tran
qu
illisers
Oth
er illegal d
rug
s
No
ne o
f the ab
ove
(or m
issing
data)
%
Sources of advice about drugsin rural and urban schools Y10
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
0 My fam
ily
1 Frien
ds
2 So
meo
ne at
scho
ol
3 Co
nn
exion
sP
erson
al Ad
viser
4 Do
ctor, n
urse,
oth
er health
wo
rker
5 Lo
cal Ad
viceC
entre
6 Bo
oks,
Mag
azines
7 Intern
et e.g. w
ebp
ages
8 Telep
ho
ne
help
line
A Y
ou
th w
orker
B K
eep it to
myself
%
Sexual health services Y10in rural and urban schools
0
20
40
60
80
100
Know about a local service for young people
%
Rural Urban
Bullied at school last year Y10in rural and urban schools : n.s. : p<0.001
0
20
40
60
80
100
Males Females
%
Rural Urban
Carrying weapons Y10
0
20
40
60
80
100
Males Females
%
Rural Urban
Analysis by local authority
Urban and rural authorities
Bristol, Cambridgeshire, Camden, Cumbria, Dudley, County of Durham, Essex, Gateshead, Greenwich, Haringey, Hertfordshire, Knowsley, Lambeth, Lancashire, N Yorkshire, Peterborough, Southampton, Stockport, Sunderland, Swindon, Wiltshire, Wirral
Repeat of 2006 analysisAnalysis of drink and drugs by authority
(London/other City councils/other councils)
Males Females
smoker drinker >10 u druguse smoker drinker >10 u druguse
Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban
Rural Rural Rural Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban
Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Rural Urban Urban
Urban Rural Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban Urban
Urban Rural Rural Urban Urban Rural Urban Urban
Among males, whether rural or urban is not a great predictor of coming in the top 5 authorities for substance use
Analysis within one authority: secondary schools Pupils from urban schools were
MORE likely to Think that their school takes
bullying seriously Think that their views make a
difference Positive about a variety of aspects
of school life * Be working on a paper round * Be driven to school Get water easily at school Know where to get free condoms Year 10: if sexually experienced,
have always used contraception
Pupils from rural schools were MORE likely to
Report being bullied in the last year *
Enjoy school lessons Take part in voting for school
elections * Be earning Be working in a hotel, bar or café * Walk to school Drink alcohol in the last week * Year 10: have had sex
* a similar finding was found in 2006
Conclusions
So...? Little evidence that YP in rural areas face
any less of a challenge from substance use and ASB than those in rural areas
Higher use of smoking and alcohol in rural communities, maybe bullying
Characteristics of specific communities more important than whether rural/urban in determining use (males)
Young people in rural areas less able to find support or information
References www.sheu.org.uk
– www.sheu.org.uk/publications/drinkanddrugs.htm– www.sheu.org.uk/publications/drinkanddrugs07.htm
Published:– Young people and illegal drugs into 1998– Trends: Illegal Drugs
(forthcoming):– Young People into 2008– Young People into 2009
Still, there’s always the scenery...