Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Basis of human Anatomy

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Introduction to human body architecture

Bony system

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Human body architecture

Articular system

Muscular system

Central nervous system

Cardiovascular system

Endocrine system

Bony tissue & Architecture of skeleton

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

By

Dr. Walaa M. SayedLecturer of Anatomy & Embryology

Kasr Al-Ainy Faculty of Medicine

Cairo University

A. Definition: It is a hard connective tissue

B. Functions of bones (skeleton)

B. Classification of bones (skeleton)

Bony tissue & architecture of skeleton

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

BonesB. Functions of Skeleton

1. Give a specific shape to the body

2. Protect the vital organs (eg.)

3. Provides surface area for muscle attachment.

4. Provides the body with a central axis

5. Forms the joints (for locomotor system)

6. Transmits & supports the body weight/

7. Forms the blood elements in the bone marrow

8. Stores calcium salts

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

BonesB. Classification of bones

(skeleton)

I. According to their position in the body

II. According to their shape

III. According to the process of ossification

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

B. Classification of bones

(skeleton)

I. According to their position in the body.

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Appendicular

skeleton

Axial

skeleton

B. Classification of bones

(skeleton)

I. According to their position in the body.

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Axial skeleton:

Bones lie in the

midline of the

body

1-Skull2-Mandible3-Hyoid bone4- sternum

5-Ribs6-Vertebral column

B. Classification of bones

(skeleton)

I. According to their position in the body.

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Appendicular

skeleton

Bones of the

upper and

lower limbs

BonesB. Classification of bones

(skeleton)

2- According to their shape

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Long

bonesShort

bonesFlat

bones

Pneumatic

bonesIrrigular

bonesSesamoid

bones

1- Long Bones (site)

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1- Long Bones (structure)

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Structure:

Epiphysis

Diaphysis (shaft)

1- Long Bones (structure)

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Structure:

Epiphysis

Diaphysis

(shaft)

Metaphysis

structure of long bone

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Periosteum

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Arterial supply of long bone

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Growth of bones

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2- Short Bones

Carpal bones Tarsal bones

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3- Flat bones

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4- Pneumatic bones

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5- Irregular bones

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5- Sesamoid bones

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Site Structure & Characters Functions

long Bones of the upper

and lower limbs

Epiphysis

Diaphysis

Metaphysis

Free Movement

short Carpal (in hand)

and tarsal (in foot)

bones

They consist of spongy bone

covered by thin layer of compact

bone

1-resist compression forces

2-They limit movements

Flat Scapula, skull cap

(roof), ribs

Two thin plates of compact bone

with middle layer of spongy

bone.

1-Protection

2-Muscle attachment

pneumatic Skull (paranasal

sinuses)

Bones containing air 1-They decrease weight of the

skull

2-Warming of inspired air

3-Resonance of voice

irregular Vertebrae Like short bones Muscle and ligaments attachments

Sesamoid Patella Small nodules of bones which

are embeded in some muscle

tendons near their origin or

insertion

Diminish the friction between the

tendons and the underlying bones

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

C. Classification of bones

According to the process of ossification

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Intra-cartilagenousIntra-membranous

According to the process of ossification

=(the process of bone formation)

connective tissue membrane (mesenchyme)

Bones

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Intra-membranous

ossification

According to the process of ossification

The connective tissue membrane

cartilage

Bone

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Intra-Cartilagenous

ossification

testDr Walaa M. Sayed

Test

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Test

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Test

Dr Walaa M. Sayed

Dr Walaa M. Sayed