Dr. S. M. Condren

Chapter 21

Chemistry of the Metals

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Metallurgy

• the extraction of metals from ores

• the preparation of metals for use

• the study of the relationship between structures and properties of metals

Dr. S. M. Condren

Metallurgy

• Pretreatment of Ore

• Concentration

• Roasting

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Pretreatment of Ore

• crude ore is crushed

Dr. S. M. Condren

Concentration

• floatation

Dr. S. M. Condren

Roasting

• converting sulfide ore to oxide

2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)

2CuS(s) + 3O2(g) -----> 2CuO(s) + 2SO2(g)

3FeS2(s) + 8O2(g) -----> Fe3O4(s) + 6SO2(g)

Dr. S. M. Condren

Manufacture of Iron and Steel

• Chemistry of blast furnace

• Chemistry of basic oxygen furnace

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

iron reduction

raw materials

Dr. S. M. Condren

Several Blast Furnaces

Dr. S. M. Condren

Liquid Iron Pour

Dr. S. M. Condren

Fe(l) & Slag(l) Pours

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

raw materials:

iron ore

limestone or lime

coke

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnaceiron ore => source of iron

Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, SiO2

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

limestone or lime => flux to remove impurities

CaCO3 or CaO

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

coke => reducing agent

C

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g)

coke air

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

CO2 + C ---> 2 CO

coke

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

3 Fe2O3(s) + CO(g) -----> 2Fe3O4(s) + CO2(g)

iron ore

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

Fe3O4(s) + CO(g) -----> 3FeO(s) + CO2(g)

iron ore

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

FeO(s) + CO(g) -----> Fe(l) + CO2(g)

iron ore pig iron

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

CaCO3(s) + heat -----> CaO(s) + CO2(g)

limestone lime

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of blast furnace

CaO(s) + SiO2(s) -----> CaSiO3(l)

lime sand slag

Dr. S. M. Condren

Purification of Metals

• Distillation

• Electrolysis

• Chemical Reactions

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Distillation

• mercury

Dr. S. M. Condren

Electrolysis

• Copper

• Aluminum

• Sodium

Dr. S. M. Condren

Production of Copper

Cu2S(l) + O2(g) -----> 2 Cu(l) + SO2(g)

Cu(s) -----> Cu(s)

impure electrolysis pure

Dr. S. M. Condren

Electrolysis of molten salt

2 NaCl(l) 2 Na(l) + Cl2(g)

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace

iron purification

steel making

raw materials

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace

raw materials

pig iron from blast furnace

fluxing agent to remove impuritites

alloying agents

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of Basic Oxygen Furnace

Removal of excess of carbon

C(s) + O2(g) -----> CO2(g)

impurity air

in pig iron

Dr. S. M. Condren

Dr. S. M. Condren

Chemistry of Electric Furnace

raw materials

scrap iron

fluxing agent to remove impuritites

alloying agents