Post on 15-Jan-2016
Dr. Om P. Gupta
Iridium Satellite LLC
20th August 2008
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Iridium NEXT Partnership for Earth Observation
Exploiting Global LEO Constellation for New Remote Sensing
Capabilities
22Iridium Background
June 1990 Iridium project announced. Plans call for 77 LEO satellites for an estimated project cost of $3.4 billion
May 1997 The first 5 of 66 Iridium satellites were successfully launched
November 1998
Initial service launched
August 1999
Iridium LLC filed for bankruptcy
December 2000
Iridium Satellite LLC was formed following the acquisition of the operating assets of Iridium LLC Purchased Iridium LLC’s satellite constellation, terrestrial network, real property and intellectual property
March 2001 Commercial service re-introduced with dramatically reduced cost structure
February / June 2002
After emerging from bankruptcy, Iridium Satellite LLC launched 5 spare satellites in February 2002 and 2 additional spare satellites in June 2002
June 2008 Iridium Satellite LLC served almost 240k Commercial subscribers up from zero in 2000 and over 30k U.S. DoD subscribers
Headquarters - Bethesda, MD Commercial Operations
Single Commercial Gateway in Tempe, AZ Connects All Commercial Traffic With the
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Operated by Iridium Personnel
DoD Gateway in Hawaii Performs Similar Function for USG Users
Satellite Network Operations Center (SNOC) Main Facility in Leesburg, VA Technical Support Center (TSC) in
Chandler, AZ Back-up Operations Center (BOC) Facility
in Chandler, AZ TTAC Sites
Yellowknife, Canada, Iqaluit, CanadaChandler, Arizona, Fairbanks, AlaskaSvalbard, Norway
Gateway – Tempe AZ
Headquarters- Bethesda, MD
Corporate History
3Iridium - Fastest Growing MSS provider
Fastest growing Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) player in a growing market– MSS market growing at 14% annually
Strong and consistent financial performance – Revenue and EBITDA growth through innovation and execution
FY 2007 revenue - $260 M versus $212 M in 2006, a 23 % increase FY 2007 EBITDA - $73.6 versus $53.8 M in 2006, a 37 % increase First half of 2008 has seen continued growth and acceleration of
business– 280,000 subscribers at the end of Q2, 08
• 38% higher than Q2, 07
Source: Euroconsult 2007 Revenue estimate
Total MSS Market Share 2007
Inmarsat49%
Iridium23%
Thuraya13%
Globalstar9%
Orbcomm3%
MSV3%
Total 2007 Revenues:
$1.1 billion
4Global Network Providing Unique Capabilities
World’s largest and most sophisticated commercial network of 66 Low Earth Orbit (LEO) polar orbiting satellites with inter-satellite links – Low time latency worldwide
– High availability and built-in redundancy
– Cross linked network in space Global ubiquitous coverage – pole to pole, all oceans & land
masses any terrain including polar routes
5Iridium NEXT – Our Second Generation
Iridium has begun plans to replace current constellation
Launches to begin around 2013
Maintain unique attributes – 66 satellite LEO architecture, inter-satellite links, global coverage, security, availability
Backward compatible for existing customers
Leveraging improved data speeds, subscriber technology, core technology improvements in batteries, processors, solar cells to provide a design to cost solution with enhanced services
Platform for globally interconnected secondary payloads
NEXT offers new high performance global services;Exciting new communications platform for space
applications
NEXT offers new high performance global services;Exciting new communications platform for space
applications
New Enhanced Services Flexible allocation of bandwidth Voice 4.8 Kbps Data services (9.6 Kbps to 1
Mbps) Broadcast and Netted services Transportable Ka Band; up to 10
Mbps service Private Network Gateways
6New Opportunity for Earth Observations
Unique opportunity to host 66 Earth observation payloads on Iridium constellation in a manner that can revolutionize earth observation- Unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage using a constellation approach
- Real-time data for now-casting and disaster early warning
Initial analysis by JPL, ESA and others has shown that a significant number of priority climate missions for monitoring global climate and environmental change can be flown on the Iridium NEXT constellation
Opportunity to carry sensor missions that may provide data for 10- 15 years
– NEXT Launches begin in 2013 with operational life beyond 2030 including spare launches
Public-Private Partnership - sharing of infrastructure with commercial systems offers potential to augment the current and planned GEOSS programs in a cost effective way- Majority of infrastructure satellites and launch funded by commercial venture
- Majority of on-going operations funded by commercial business
- Share real-time communications backbone ground segment
- Cost effective - < 20% the cost of dedicated science missions
Earth Observation community can get unprecedented data capability without a traditional space segment procurementEarth Observation community can get unprecedented data
capability without a traditional space segment procurement
7 NEXT Constellation General Information
Autonomous initialization / earth capture / deployment sequence
SV capable of 48 hour unattended operation
System Specifications
Constellation : 66 Satellites in 6 planes of 11
Orbit: Polar at 780 km
Inclination: 86.4o
Pointing / knowledge: 0.10o accuracy (Design goal)
Period: 100.5 minutes per orbit
Launch: 2013 – 2016
Satellite Design Life: 10 years (Design goal)
Mission Life: 15 years to beyond 2030
Risk Mitigation: 6 in-orbit spares, additional ground spares
8NEXT Secondary Payload Parameters
Preliminary Secondary Payload Sensors Specifications
Missions: Single or multiple mixed missions
Payload Weight: 50 kg
Payload Dimension: 30 x 40 x 70 cm
Payload Power: 50 W average (200 W peak)
Payload Data Rate: <1 Mbps
Two way data communications through constellation to sensor for command and control and telemetry purposes
Iridium will manage SV slot location and position planning to support secondary mission as best as possible
Detailed secondary payload interface and concept of operations to be developed in 2008 with the input of the secondary payload partners
9Revolution in EO Operations
Other satellites to use NEXT communications backbone
66 Satellites
A unique opportunity for: 66 (+ 6 in-orbit + 6 hanger spares) EO payloads (Current EO total = 138)
15 year mission life (v. 5 years or less for many missions)
Cost effective (Iridium needs to pay for satellites & launch anyway)
Unprecedented spatial and temporal coverage (Now-casting)
Synoptic ground-truth & observation (Surface TX/RX to observing sat.)
101010NEXT Earth Observation Missions
Early analysis by JPL, GEO and ESA recommended several missions be assessed
– JPL analysis assessed fit with NRC Decadal Survey recommendations
Sensor selection fully exploits a constellation approach to Earth Observation
Sensor selection maximizes capability with synergistic set of sensors
Sensor sets do not duplicate existing or planned missions, but augmented data sets obtained from those missions
GEO working groups have been formed: CNES, and South Africa DST are evaluating options in more detail
Sensor Quantity
Measured Parameters
Altimeter 24 Wave height & wind speed; mean sea level; ice height
GPS Occultation
12-66 Atmospheric water vapor content & temperature profile
Optical Imager
6 Ocean color & land imaging
Radiometer 24 Earth radiation budget (energy source for climate)
Combinations of Multiple Secondary Payloads
Flying GPSRO (24 off) allows for a second payload to be carried in addition to GPSRO:
– Cloud Wind Vector Monitor – 12 to 24 off ( e.g. Boreas for Polar wind monitoring)
– Atmospheric Chemistry (limb or nadir) – 6 off
– Gamma radiation from space (zenith) – 6 off
– Land imagers (set up specifically) – 6 off
Space Weather Predictions - GPSRO in combination with Plasma Drift Meters enables coronal mass ejection imagery
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12NEXT Earth Observation Ground Segment The mesh architecture of Iridium network enables near-real time collection and
transmission of this data to the NEXT Earth Observation Ground segment Iridium ground segment consists of satellite operations sites, gateways for
business operations, TT&C sites, and a network of remote earth station terminals
Data will be collected at the Iridium gateways and transmitted in to agency servers for further processing and dissemination– A dedicated NEXT EO server can be hosted at the Iridium gateway
Agencies will also be able to send a minimum set of commands using the feeder links
Iridium Satellite Network
End UsersEO DataCollection
Iridium Gateway
Switch
• IP Socket• Data circuit
Ground Segment Infrastructure
Data processing, management and distribution
Iridium EO Data Interface
EO Ground SegmentIridium NEXT Infrastructure
Iridium NEXT ground infrastructure to collect data from the constellation
Secure, real-time data routing to processing infrastructure
LEVEL 0 LEVEL1 LEVEL 2 &3
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Annual Sensor Mission Cost
$0$1$2$3$4$5$6$7$8$9
$10$11$12$13$14$15$16$17$18$19$20$21$22$23$24
Millio
ns
Average Avg Iridium NEXT50 Kg Payload
AtmosphericChemistry
GPSOccultation
Multi-spectralImager
RadarAltimeter
Radiometer
Costs - Perspective v Other Missions
Study performed by Futron Corporation looking at economics of heritage mission compared to a hosted payload approach
Evaluated 13 missions, publicly available costs of build, deployment, operations Compared mission cost per sensor per year
5-20% cost of conventional missions5-20% cost of conventional missions
Conventional Cost
NEXT Shared Cost
14Costs - Iridium and Hosting Public Private Partnership
Guests benefits from Iridium’s $6.1B total investment in communications system
– NEXT constellation capital 2008-1016 ($2.7B)
– Operating expense between 2014-2030 ($2.4B)
– Sustaining capital and spares 2010-2030 ($1.0B)
Iridium benefits by gaining customer that offsets infrastructure and operating cost
NEXT system design, build and launchSensor integration support
Satellite operationsGround segment and communications
Sensor selectionSensors build and integrationData processing, calibration
Data dissemination
Iridium Guests
Iridium makes majority of infrastructure investment;Guest offsets this with a “data buy”;
Enables comprehensive data set through 2030 and beyond
Iridium makes majority of infrastructure investment;Guest offsets this with a “data buy”;
Enables comprehensive data set through 2030 and beyond
NEXT Communications Infrastructure
Secondary Payload Hosting
Cost
Sensors
Integration
& test
Secondary Payload
Operations Cost
Payload dependent
$0.5M - $1M per year
$6.1B Payload dependent
1515PPP Management Approach
Under the Public Private Partnership, the mission responsibilities can be allocated between customer, the science community, and Iridium as described below
Iridium is open to other approaches also
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Responsibility Party VehicleMission design and planning. Instrument design, procurement, build, and integration into satellite
Customer Contract to sensor manufacturer, program management; integration to prime/Iridium
Design, procurement, build, launch and operations of the Iridium satellite constellation and ground segment
Iridium Contract from Iridium to satellite prime
Instrument hosting and purchase of data Customer Contract to Iridium as pre-buy of data services
Satellite operations, maintenance and data delivery to data management interface
Iridium Contract to Iridium for operations support
Data calibration, processing and distribution to the appropriate users
Data users Contract to data processing party
16MISSION CONCENSUS & ACTIVITY
10/09/06 Trident suggests EO to Iridium. Trident review to Iridium in 03/07 suggests 6 payloads with HERITAGE INSTRUMENTATION OF PRIME IMPORTANCE
01/2007 GEO involvement - top down politics e.g. 11/2007 GEO IV Ministerial Summit in Cape Town
20/06/07 ESA : “ System Aspects of EO Payloads on the Iridium Constellation”
Based on the Position Papers (all published in 2006)
09/09/07 JPL/NASA : Review agrees with ESA
06/06/08 CNES: Support in Space News in June.
2007/08 NOAA: Strong support with internal working groups and through Offices of Commerce, Science & Technology Policy, Management and Budget.05/08/08 NOAA RFQ issued (next slide)
2007 EUMETSAT carried out a internal review
22/01/08 Bottom up: e.g. Royal Society meeting in January 2008 discussed the science of the proposed missions (proceedings on www.iridium.com)
05/2008 GEO in Geneva: USA, Norway, Spain, Canada, France, South Africa, Sweden metCalled for Climate Change Mission Review to report:
13/10/08 Altimetry Mission (CNES) ERB (Imperial College, RAL)Ocean Colour (ACRI) GPSRO (JPL)
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1717Program Milestones
The milestones below identify the key decision points for integrating secondary payloads into the NEXT constellation
Iridium recommends that earth observation customers create a program plan with Iridium that focuses efforts on near term activities:– To define mission priorities, details, funding and acquisition model
– Protect the option of flying secondary payloads on NEXT
– Ensure that overall secondary payload program synchs with NEXT procurement time line
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Milestone Period
Feasibility study for mission definition, cost modeling, sensor selection, acquisition strategy and planning
Q3 2008
Commitment to initiate program Dec 2008Iridium finalize specification and contract for satellite constellation
Q1 2009
Initiate procurement (instrument, hosting) Mar 2009
Sensor integration Jan 2012
First satellite launch, data flow begins 2013
Full mission operations 2016-2030
18EO SENSOR DEVELOPMENTS
Iridium already has reduced short list of NEXT Primes to two Thales-Alenia & Lockheed-Martin. Briefed on secondary payload.
Summary of technical challenges from ESA and JPL
Altimeter: Moderate development of Ku sensor from Thales-Alenia
Radiometer: Minor adaptations; GERB type sensor from RAL; CERES from UCAR
Imager: Moderate developments: Likely to be a version of MERIS from Thales and DST in South
AfricaOccultation: Minor adaptations; ROSA from Thales-Alenia
GPSRO from SAAB Space; Blackjack from Broadreach
All satellites will have the capability of carrying RO.
Under Assessment :Threshold; Breakthrough; Objective observations
Accuracy; Spatial & Temporal resolution; Data Delay
GPS Radio Occultation
Description: GPS receivers; Limb antennasNumber: Min 12 sensors, 2 in each planeSwath: Limb viewing; 800 soundings each per day
Time scales:<<1 hr Tracking extreme weather events
1 hr Weather now-casting1 week Weather forecasting1 year Seasonal variations10 year Climate variability; hydrologic cycle
Sounding of atmospheric humidity & temperature;
Electron content of ionosphere & density profiles
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2020Earth Radiation Budget
Measuring the Earth’s radiation budget
Description: Broadband radiometer; 0.2 to 50 umNumber: Up to 18 sensors, 3 in each planeSwath:~2000 km
Time scales:<1 hr Data into weather forecasts1 hr Monitoring of heat waves1 day Day-night variation in radiative fluxes1 week Improved forecasting1 year Seasonal variations in ice and cloud albedo10 year Inter-annual variations>10 year Key parameter to monitor and predict global climate change
2121Radio Altimeters
Monitoring sea-surface height, wave height,
wind speed; ice height
Description: Radar altimeter; Ka (or Ku) bandNumber: Up to 24 sensors, 4 in each planeSwath:5-10 km, nadir pointing
Time scales:<<1 hr Tsunami early warning; flood & wave now-casting1 hr Sea surface & significant wave height, wind speed; storm surges1 day Tides, currents and eddies1 month Lunar cycles; El Niño events; hydrology1 year Ocean circulation patterns10 year Inter-annual variations and changes>10 year Prediction of sea level rise & changes in circulation
Ocean Imagers
Description: Spectral range dedicated or multi-spectral; UV-VIS-IRNumber: Minimum of 12 sensors, 2 in each planeSwath: 80 to 240 km; 30 to 100m resolution
Time scales:Ocean color (OC):1 day Coastal diurnal variation; marine operations & fisheries1 year Seasonal changes (N & S hemisphere)Terrestrial:1 day Disaster remediation; wildfires1 year Deforestation; desertification; cropsIce:1 day Ice extent1 year Seasonal and inter-annual changes in fields
For ocean color and ice extent
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Ocean Imagers
Description: Spectral range dedicated or multi-spectral; UV-VIS-IRNumber: Minimum of 12 sensors, 2 in each planeSwath: 80 to 240 km; 30 to 100m resolution
Time scales:Ocean color (OC):1 day Coastal diurnal variation; marine operations & fisheries1 year Seasonal changes (N & S hemisphere)Terrestrial:1 day Disaster remediation; wildfires1 year Deforestation; desertification; cropsIce:1 day Ice extent1 year Seasonal and inter-annual changes in fields
For ocean color and ice extent
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Multiple Mission Sensors 24
What will this do for you?
2626Summary
A unique opportunity has been identified to host up to 66 climate instruments on the Iridium NEXT LEO constellation
Launches start in 2013 and the constellation operational life will extend beyond 2030
The opportunity is proposed as a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) allowing for the sharing of infrastructure with commercial communications satellites in a cost effective way
Several pricing and acquisition models developed that can significantly reduce the total life cycle costs for hosting a climate sensor
Iridium recommends immediate interaction with potential customers. Please contact us. Contact information is included on the next slide
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Iridium is committed to work expeditiously with potential secondary payload customers to make this once in a lifetime opportunity a reality!
Iridium is committed to work expeditiously with potential secondary payload customers to make this once in a lifetime opportunity a reality!
Contact Information
Dr. Om P GuptaDirector, Strategic Market Development
Iridium NEXTIridium Satellite LLC
6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite 300Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
T: +1 301-571-6229F: +1 301-571-6250M:+1 443-812-9724
Email: Om.Gupta@Iridium.comWeb: www.Iridium.com
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