Post on 02-Apr-2015
Dr. G. Giridhar Solar Radiation Resource Assessment
“ASEAN – India Workshop on Cooperation in Renewable Energy”6th November, 2012, Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
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Solar Energy-JNNSM
• MNRE, GOI initiated JNNSM in 2009-10 to establish India as a global leader in Solar Energy.
• Global effort to meet the challenges of climate change.
• Create conditions indigenous solar manufacturing capability.
• Promote grid/decentralized power applications.
• Technology innovations, R&D, cost reduction, grid parity.
• Mapping of ground solar insolation
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Application segment
Target for Phase I (2010-13)
Target for Phase 2 (2013-17)
Target for Phase 3 (2017-22)
Solar collectors 7 million sq. meter
15 million sq. meter
20 million sq. meter
Off grid solar application
200 MW 1000 MW 2000 MW
Utility grid power, including roof top
1000-2000 MW 4000-10000 MW 20000 MW
Implementation of JNNSM
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Why Measurements…?
•Ground measured data is more accurate.
•Quantification of the ground data.
•A combination of measured and satellite data helps in better understanding solar potential areas .
• In preparation of accurate and reliable SOLMAPS
•Design & Performance Parameters
•To determine the bankability of the proposals 4
Availability Solar Radiation Data
• “Solar Radiation over India” by A Mani, IMD
• “Handbook of Solar Radiation” by A Mani and S.Rangarajan, IMD
• “Solar Radiant Energy over India (2009)” by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy ,GOI.
• SEC-NREL
• NASA
• METEONORM
• SOLEMI
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SRRA Objectives
•To assess and quantify the ground data of solar radiation
•To establish Calibration Laboratory for solar radiation measuring equipments at C-WET, Chennai.
• Data processing , modeling and making of Solar Maps
SRRA Implementation
• In 2011 under JNNSM, SRRA Program was fully financed by
Ministry and implemented by C-WET, Chennai .
• An exclusive Solar Radiation Resource Assessment unit has been
established at C-WET.
• All 51 SRRA Stations in 10 States and 1 Union Territory was
completed and commissioned between March to October, 2011.
• Data from all SRRA stations are transmitted through GPRS to
Central Receiving Station established at C-WET.7
Site Selection criteria
• Area• Free horizon• Strong network connectivity• Safety & Security• Electromagnetic interference• Easy accessibility to site
State wise SRRA stations Phase I & II
Sl.No State/UT Phase I Phase II Total
1 Andhra Pradesh 6 3 9
2 Bihar - 3 3
3 Chhattisgarh 1 1 2
4 Gujarat 11 2 13
5 Haryana 1 1 2
6 Himachal Pradesh - 2 2
7 Jammu & Kashmir 1 1 2
8 Jharkhand - 2 2
9 Karnataka 5 1 6
10 Kerala - 2 2
11 Madhya Pradesh 3 5 8
12 Maharashtra 3 6 9
Continued……
Sl.No State/UT Phase I Phase II Total
13 Orissa - 4 4
14 Punjab - 2 2
15 Rajasthan 12 - 12
16 Tamil Nadu 7 - 7
17 Uttar Pradesh - 5 5
17 Uttarakhand - 2 2
18 West Bengal - 3 3
19 North-East - 10 10
20 Union Territories 1 5 6
Total 51 60 111
SRRA STATIONS PHASE-I & II
Normal Incidence Pyrheliometer from Eppley Laboratory, USA
SPECIFICATIONS:Sensitivity: approx. 8 µV/Wm-2. Impedance: approx. 200 Ohms. Temperature Dependence: ±1% over ambient temperature range -20 to +40°C. Linearity: ±0.5% from 0 to 1400 Wm-2. Response time: 1 second (1/e signal). Calibration reference : Eppley primary standard group of pyrheliometers.
Precision Pyranometer from Eppley Laboratory, USA
SPECIFICATIONS
Sensitivity: approx. 9 µV/Wm-2. Impedance: approx. 650 Ohms. Temperature Dependence: ±1% over ambient temperature range -20 to +40°C Linearity: ±0.5% from 0 to 2800 Wm-2. Response time: 1 second (1/e signal). Cosine:
±1% from normalization 0-70° zenith angle; ±3% 70-80° zenith angle.
Calibration: integrating hemisphere. Orientation: Performance is not affected by orientation or tilt.
Sun Tracker from Geonica , Spain
Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge from R M Young, USA
Specifications
Size: 18 cm dia. x 30 cm high, (39 cm high with mounting base)Catchment Area: 200 cm²Resolution: 0.1 mm per tip Accuracy: 2% up to 25 mm/hr 3% up to 50 mm/hrOutput: Magnetic reed switch (N.O.), rating 24VAC/DC 500mAOperating Temperature: -20°C to +50°C
Ultrasonic Anemometerfrom R M Young, USA
Specifications Wind Speed: 0 to 70 m/s (0 to 156 mph) Resolution: 0.1 m/s Accuracy: ± 2% or 0.1 m/s (30 m/s), ± 3% (70 m/s) Wind Direction: 0 to 360 degrees Resolution: 1 degree Accuracy: ± 2 degrees Serial Output: RS-232 or RS-485 Formats: NMEA, ASCII Text, RMYT, SDI-12 Units: Knots, m/s, MPH, Km/hr Analog Voltage Outputs: Wind Speed: 0 to 5000 mV Wind Direction: 0 to 5000 mV Power Requirement: 9 to 16 VDC, 30 mA typical (less than 1mA standby) Operating Temperature: -50 to +50 °C Dimensions: 34cm high x 17cm wide (39cm with Bird Spikes installed) Weight: 0.8 kg (1.8 lb)
Temperature and Humidity Sensor
from R M Young, USA
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: Measuring Range: 0-100 %RHAccuracy at 20 - 25 °C: ±1 %RH,Stability: Better than ±1 %RH per yearResponse Time: 10 seconds (without filter)Sensor Type: Rotronic Hygromer™Output Signal: V option: 0-1 VDC, L option: 4-20 mATEMPERATURE: (41382, 41342)Calibrated Measuring Range: -50 to 50 °C (suffix C) -50 to 150 °F (suffix F)Response Time: 10 seconds (without filter)Accuracy at 23°C: ±0.3 °C /optional ±0.1 °C NIST calibration Sensor Type: Platinum RTDOutput Signal: V Option: 0-1 VDC, L Option: 4-20 mA, 4 wire RTD
Barometric Pressure Sensor from R M Young, USA
Specifications:Pressure Range: 500-1100 hPaOperating Temperature: -40 to +60°CDigital Accuracy*: 0.2hPa (25°C) 0.3 hPa (-40 to +60°C)Analog Accuracy**: 0.05% of analog pressure rangeAnalog Temperature Dependence: 0.0017% of analog pressure range/°C (25°C reference)Update Rate: 1.8 Hz maxSerial Output: Full duplex RS-232 - 9600 baud Polled or ContinuousASCII text or NMEA format Dimensions: 90mm (3.6 in) x 60 mm (2.4 in) x 20 mm (0.8in)
Instrument Manufacturer
Parameter
GPS Garmin, USA To synchronize Sun Tracker with Sun movement
Data logger & Modem
Geonica ,Spain
Collecting data from sensors and transferring it to Central Receiving Station at C WET, Chennai
GPRS Garmin, USA To transfer data through mobile SIM cards to Central Receiving Station at C WET, Chennai
Solar PV Panel Moserbaer, India
For charging battery for powering SRRA station
External Battery Exide, India For electrical storageDerived details on Solar Elevation angle, Solar Azimuth angles, Battery voltage are also available
Supporting Instruments
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Typical SRRA station
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Data collection & QCSampling period
Averaging period
Duration
10 sec 10 min Up to Nov 2011
1 sec 10 min Up to August 2012
1 sec 1 min From August 2012
For solar radiation parameters, the applied quality control is based on Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) standards of World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), and Management and Exploitation of Solar Resource Knowledge (MESOR)
Establishment of Calibration Laboratory
• A Calibration Laboratory has been established at C-WET.
• Two numbers of Absolute Cavity Radiometer, four numbers of Standard Precision Pyranometer and Solar Trackers are available. 22
Training Program • 3 Days Training Programme on “Functioning and
Maintenance of ASRMS” for station in-charge from 10th to 12th October 2011 at C-WET, Chennai.
• 1 Day training program conducted on the O & M aspects the SRRA for all the station in-charge of Rajasthan and Haryana, at IIT Jodhpur on 28th January 2012.
• 1 Day training program on the “Functioning and Maintenance of SRRA station” for all the station in-charge of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra(Pandharpur) and Jammu & Kashmir(Leh) organised at PDPU, Gandhi Nagar on26th April 2012.
Institutional collaboration
• Under Indo German Collaboration with GIZ, Germany for data processing, quality assessment and developing solar maps of India.
• Satellite data from Space Application Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad for the preparation of solar maps of India.
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Users of SRRA Data
• High quality solar radiation data for solar developers for bankable
propositions, design and performance parameters.
• Satellite Data Providers for Ground truthing.
• Academic/Researcher/Policy Makers/Consultants.
• Calibration of Solar Sensors
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Availability of SRRA Data
• Previous Month Average Data for all stations are available on C-WET
Web Site (interactive map)
• Quality Controlled ASCII data and report in PDF format (Daily,
Monthly and Yearly) are available on payment basis.
• SRRA data would be sold either through CD /e-mail.
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Solar Data Policy 2012• MNRE sole and exclusive owner of data• Only quality controlled data will be sold• C-WET is authorised to sell data• Data for more than 5 sites (bulk Buyer)
at a time - requires Ministry’s approval • Publication of data- requires specific
MNRE/C-WET permission• Special approval from MNRE is required
for supply data to foreign nationals.• Details of pricing is available on
www.cwet.res.in
Details of Data ReportsProduct Data QC
information
Amount in Rupees
Commercial
Non commercial
Daily 1 minute time stamp
Flagged information
200 100
monthly 1 minute time stamp on daily basis
Flagged information
5,000 2,500
Yearly 1 minute time stamp on daily and monthly basis
Flagged information
50,000 25,000
Monthly Report (PDF)
Monthly and daily average
Information Details *
2,000 2,000
* Graphs, Solar Radiation and meteorological parameters, QC test reports and figures and Wind rose
issues…..
Maximum outages have been observed with the damage to the transducer of ultrasonic wind sensor.
Bird damaged transducers of ultrasonic anemometer.
One of the damaged transducers of ultrasonic anemometer. This happened despite having modified bird guards (spikes)
New model of Wind Sensor being adopted to avoid damages by birds
Future Plan
• Setting up of 60 more SRRA stations
• Calibration of Solar sensors.
• Aerosol measurements at 4 SRRA stations.
• Up gradation and integration of 45 IMD solar radiation measuring stations.
• Consultancy projects .31
Consultancy Projects
• SRRA has received request from private developers to install Solar Monitoring Station and collect data and prepare DPR on consultancy basis.
• The detailed list of request from plant developers are as follows:
Sl No
Name of the Company No of Stations
Location
1 NHPC, Faridabad 3 2 in J&K 1 in H.P
2 Mott McDonald Pvt Ltd, Ahmedabad
10 Jharkhand
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