Post on 06-Apr-2018
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GARIMA AWASTHIAmity Institute of Biotechnology
Amity University, Lucknow
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The various stages of processing that
occur after the completion of the
fermentation or bioconversion stage,
including separation, purification, and
packaging of the product
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Removal of insoluble's
Cell Disruption (if product isintracellular)
Product Isolation
Product Purification Product Polishing
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Fermentation Broth
Removal of insoluble's
(if product is intracellular) (if product is extracellular)
Cell Disruption Product Isolation
Product Purification
Product Polishing
Packaging
Filtration
Centrifugation
Extraction
Adsorption
Partial Purificatio
High Resolution
Chromatography
Crystallization
Drying
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Capture of the product as a solute in a
particulate-free liquid
Example:
separation of cells, cell debris or other
particulate matter from fermentation broth.
Techniques:
Filtration
Centrifugation
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Filtration A mechanical operation used for the
separation of solids from fluids (liquids or
gases) by interposing a medium to fluidflow through which the fluid can pass, but
the solids in the fluid are retained.
Basis of separation is poresize of membrane.
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Centrifugal force is applied for the
separation of mixtures
The basis of separation is density
difference
More-dense components migrate away
from the axis of the centrifuge
less-dense components migrate
towards the axis.
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Reducing the volume of material to be
handled and concentrating the product.
The unit operations involved
Extraction
Adsorption
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Partial Purification Protein precipitation
High resolution purification technique
Chromatography Ultra filtration Microfiltration Dialysis Electro-dialysis Electrophoresis
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Formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical
reaction.
Solid formed is called the precipitate and the liquid
remaining above the solid is called the supernate.
Protein Precipitation
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To separate contaminants that resemble
the product very closely in physical and
chemical properties.
Expensive and require sensitive and
sophisticated equipment.
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Gel Chromatography
Ion exchange Chromatography
Affinity Chromatography Hydrophobic interaction
Chromatography
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Final processing steps which end
with packaging of the product in a
form that is stable, easily
transportable and convenient.
Crystallization, desiccation,
lyophilization and spray drying are
typical unit operations
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Process of formation of solid crystals
precipitating from a solution, melt or
more rarely deposited directly from a
gas.
chemical solid-liquid separation
technique, in which mass transfer of asolute from the liquid solution to a
pure solid crystalline phase occurs.
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Removal of solvent or moisture content
from product so as to dry the product
which increase the shelf life of the
product
Conduction Drying
Tray Drying
Tumble Drying
Adiabatic Drying
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Freezing the material
Reducing the surrounding pressure
and adding enough heat to allow the
frozen water in the material to
sublime directly from the solid phase
to gas.
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