When to document

1. Quotes

2. Tables, charts, diagrams,

definitions, statistics

3. An expert’s opinion or ideas…even if they are in

your words

4. A summary of a discussion put into the

researcher’s own words

6. Any fact or statistic that is not common

knowledge.

Which info would need citation?

• Ernest Hemingway was born August 12, 1895, in Oak Park, Illinois.

• Hemingway’s mother is believed to have dress him in girl’s clothes, and many speculate this lead to Hemingway’s obsession with macho man characters.

How to document

1. Author’s last name

If there is more than one author...

• If two or three authors, list all by last name.

• If more than three authors, list only first author (by last name) then write et. al.

Sample author entries:

• (Petersen).

• (Petersen and Olson).

• (Petersen, Olson, and Wailes).

• (Petersen et. al.)

2. Title of the work

Note: Be sure to put it in quotations marks

3. If two titles are the same: document the

source

Note: be sure it is in italics

If it is a print source...

• You will need a page number

• (Petersen 23).

• No comma NOR “pg” between author and page number

Remember:

• This is a learning experience. You will find this easier the more often you write research papers.