Docker for Developers - Sunshine PHP

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Docker for PHP DevelopersChris Tankersley@dragonmantankSunshine PHP 2017

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What Is Docker?“Docker is an open platform for developers and sysadmins to build, ship, and run distributed applications. Consisting of Docker Engine, a portable, lightweight runtime and packaging tool, and Docker Hub, a cloud service for sharing applications and automating workflows, Docker enables apps to be quickly assembled from components and eliminates the friction between development, QA, and production environments.”

https://www.docker.com/whatisdocker/

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Containers

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Normal Bare-Metal Server

CPU RAM HD Network

Operating System

nginx PHP DB

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Virtual Machines

CPU RAM HD Network

Operating System

nginx PHP DB

Operating System

nginx PHP DB

Operating System

Hypervisor

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Containers

CPU RAM HD Network

Operating System

nginxnginx PHP DB PHP DB

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Containers Are Not New• LXC (Linux Containers)• OpenVZ• Systemd-nspawn• Qemu/kvm• BSD Jails• Solaris Zones• chroot

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Docker is an Ecosystem

Docker Engine

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Docker is an Ecosystem

Docker ComposeDocker Machine Docker Swarm

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How does it work?

Uses a variety of existingContainer technologies

Server ContainersHyper-V Containers xhyve Virtualization

Sorry OSX < 10.10 and Windows < 10 Users

Docker Toolbox

Let’s use Docker

Running a container• `docker run` will run a container• This will not restart an existing container, just create a new one• docker run [options] IMAGE [command] [arguments]• [options ]modify the docker process for this container• IMAGE is the image to use• [command] is the command to run inside the container• [arguments] are arguments for the command

Running a simple shell

What’s Going On?

Ubuntu Kernel

/+ bin/+ etc/+ dev/+ home/+ usr/+ var/+ lib/+ …

Running Two Webservers

Some Notes• All three containers are 100% self contained• Docker containers share common ancestors, but keep their own files• `docker run` parameters:• --rm – Destroy a container once it exits• -d – Run in the background (daemon mode)• -i – Run in interactive mode• --name – Give the container a name• -p [local port]:[container port] – Forward the local port to the container port

Volumes

Modifying a running container• `docker exec` can run a command inside of an existing container• Use Volumes to share data

Persistent Data with Volumes• You can designate a volume with –v• Create a named volume with `volume create`• Volumes can be shared amongst containers• Volumes can mount data from the host system

Mounting from the host machine

Mounting from the host isn’t perfect• The container now has a window into your host machine• Permissions can get screwy if you are modifying in the container• Most things it creates will be root by default, and you probably aren’t root on

the host machine

• Host-mounted volumes are not portable at all• OSX and Hyper-V VMs have limited pathings to mount• OSX has poor I/O performance

Named Data Volumes• Creates a space that becomes persistent• Can be mounted anywhere inside your images• Have our app containers use the data volume to store data• Use ‘editor containers’ to go in and modify data when needed

vim Tutorial• vim is a Modal text editor• ESC will drop you back to default mode• :new /opt/webconfig/default to create a new file• In default mode, i will get us into interactive (edit) mode• :w to save a file• :q will quit

Mounting Data Volumes

Why go through the hassle?• Data volumes are portable, depending on the driver• Data volumes are safer• Separates the app containers from data• Production can use a data volume, dev can use a host volume

• Our app containers stay small• Works directly with other tools

Networking

Networking• Docker can create multiple network “pools”• Each container gets an IP address• Containers can be attached to multiple networks• Docker network allow service discovery inside networks

Legacy - Docker Links• Legacy Links work with `--link`• Only works on the legacy “bridge” network• Doesn’t support service discovery

• Not worth it to use anymore

Docker Networks• Discreet IP pool for containers• Containers can be added and removed to the network at whim• Service discovery though ‘--network-alias’• Can be set up to work across hosts

Create a network

Attach to a network

Ping the web container

Add another web and kill web1

BREAK TIME! WOO!

Other Helpful Commands

Inspect a containerdocker inspect [options] CONTAINER_NAME

• Returns a JSON string with data about the container• Can also query• docker inspect -f “{{ .NetworkSettings.IPAddress }}” web_server

• Really handy for scripting out things like reverse proxies

Work with images• docker pull IMAGE – Pulls down an image before using• docker images – Lists all the images that are downloaded• docker rmi IMAGE – Deletes an image if it’s not being used

Containerizing An Application

Our Goals• Not change our workflow (much)• Run PHP 7, Unit Tests, and webserver• Deploy “easily”

Just try and run itdocker run -d --name d4dapp \ -v C:\drago\Projects\dockerfordevs-app:/var/www/ \ -p 8080:80 php:apache

Checking Logs• Containers log to stdout/stderr• Docker aggregates the logs• Can be viewed with docker logs

Custom Images• PHP images are pretty bare• Lots of times need to install extensions

Dockerfile• Dockerfile is the configuration steps for an image• Can be created from scratch, or based on another image• Allows you to add files, create default volumes, ports, etc• Can be used privately or pushed to Docker Hub

docker/DockerfileFROM php:apache

RUN a2enmod rewrite

Build itdocker build -t tag_name ./

• This runs through the Dockerfile and generates the image• We can now use the tag name to run the image

Build itdocker build -t d4dapp docker/

Use the new imagedocker run -d --name d4dapp \ -v C:\drago\Projects\dockerfordevs-app:/var/www/ \ -p 8080:80 d4dapp

Use the new image

Slightly better

Install Dependencies

Running Composerdocker run --rm \ -v c:/Users/drago/.composer:/root/.composer \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop:/app \ -v c:/Users/drago/.ssh:/root/.ssh \ composer/composer \ install

Better!

Look at queues!

docker/DockerfileFROM php:apache

RUN a2enmod rewrite\ && docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql

Rebuild itdocker build -t d4dapp docker/

Rebuild the imagedocker build -t d4dapp docker/

Rebuild the container$ docker rm -f d4dapp$ docker run -d --name d4dapp \ -v C:\drago\Projects\dockerfordevs-app:/var/www/ \ -p 8080:80 d4dapp

Progress!

Docker Compose

What is Docker Compose?• Multi-container orchestration• A single config file holds all of your container info• Works with Docker Swarm and a few other tools, like Rancher

Sample docker-compose.ymlversion: '2'

volumes: mysqldata: driver: local

services: d4dapp: build: ./docker/ volumes: - ./:/var/www/ ports: - 8080:80

mysqlserver: image: mysql environment: MYSQL_DATABASE: dockerfordevs MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 's3curep@assword' volumes: - mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql

No longer use docker run$ docker rm –f d4dapp$ docker-compose up -d

Now we have 2 containers

Config for DB now points to the service name<?php

return [ 'debug' => true,

'config_cache_enabled' => false,

'db' => [ 'driver' => 'Pdo_Mysql', 'hostname' => 'mysqlserver', 'port' => '3306', 'database' => 'dockerfordevs', 'user' => 'root', 'password' => 's3curep@assword', ],];

Install our DB Migration Softwaredocker run --rm \ -v c:/Users/drago/.composer:/root/.composer \ -v c:/Users/drago/Projects/workshop:/app \ -v c:/Users/drago/.ssh:/root/.ssh \ composer/composer \ require robmorgan/phinx

Set up phinxdocker run --rm \ -v C:\Users\drago\Projects\dockerfordevs-app\:/app \ -w /app \ php:cli php vendor/bin/phinx init

Run the migrationdocker run --rm \ -v C:\Users\drago\Projects\dockerfordevs-app\:/app \ -w /app \ --network dockerfordevsapp_default \ php:cli php vendor/bin/phinx migrate

Let’s use the existing containerdocker run --rm \ -v C:\Users\drago\Projects\dockerfordevs-app\:/app \ -w /app \ --network dockerfordevsapp_default \ dockerfordevsapp_d4dapp php vendor/bin/phinx migrate

Good…

It Lives!

Other Tools

Docker Ecosystem• Docker Machine• Docker Swarm

Thank You!• Software Engineer for InQuest• Author of “Docker for Developers”• https://leanpub.com/dockerfordevs

• Co-Host of “Jerks Talk Games”• http://jerkstalkgames

• http://ctankersley.com• chris@ctankersley.com• @dragonmantank

Docker for Developers - Sunshine PHP

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