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INSTRUCTIONS
Time Allowed : Two Hours Date : 03-02-2019 Maximum Marks : 200
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3. This Booklet contains 100 items (questions). Each items
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Mahesh Shinde’s
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Environment-Comprehensive/2019
Office Add- 847, Bhalchandra Height, 1stfloor, above Anarse Samosewale, Near Jnanaprabodhini,
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(2-A)
1. Consider the following statements regarding
Earth Hour :
1. It is a worldwide movement for the planet
to create a sustainable world.
2. It is organised by the Worldwide Fund
for Nature (WWF) by annually.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. With respect to the principles of ecosystem,
consider the following statements :
1. Flow of energy in an ecosystem is
unidirectional.
2. Flow of Nutrient in an ecosystem is cyclic.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
3. What are the possible effects of Eutrophication
in a water body?
1. Increased biodiversity.
2. New species invasion.
3. Toxicity of water increases due to certain
Algal bloom.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 2 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
4. Which of the following is not an example of
Ex-situ bioremediation?
(a) Land farming
(b) Windrow Composting
(c) Bioventing
(d) Bioreactor
Office Add- 847, Bhalchandra Height, 1stfloor, above Anarse Samosewale, Near Jnanaprabodhini,
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5. Which of the following is not a green house
gas?
1. Methane
2. Chlorofluorocarbons
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Ammonia
5. Carbon monoxide
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 and 5 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 4 only
(d) 5 only
6. Consider the following statements :
1. When compared to the static water, the
oxygen level is high in running water.
2. High BOD, COD in water bodies turns
the habitat hyperoxic and anoxic.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
7. A bush land has two top predators 'X' and 'Y',
in which 'X' is a greater predator than 'Y'. This
bush land also has two herbivores 'A' and 'B',
in which 'A' is preferred by 'X' and 'B' is
preferred by 'Y'. Now because of poaching,
the population of 'A' has reduced considerably.
Which of the following impact will be
experienced in the long run?
1. Competition between two predators.
2. Man animal conflict will be created.
3. Predators ‘Y’ will be pushed out of the
habitat.
4. Population of herbivore ‘B’ will be
reduced.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1, 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) All of the above
Office Add- 847, Bhalchandra Height, 1stfloor, above Anarse Samosewale, Near Jnanaprabodhini,
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8. Which of the following are the characteristics of
climax community?
1. Vegetation is tolerant to environmental
conditions.
2. When compared intermediate community
it has more diversity and complex food
web.
3. Individuals in the climax stage are replaced
by others of the same kind.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
9. With reference to Mudumalai Tiger reserve,
consider the following statements:
1. It is located in the state of Kerala.
2. It is located within Nilgiri Biosphere
reserve.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
10. Which of the following biosphere reserves are
present in Madhya Pradesh?
1. Panna
2. Pachmarhi
3. Achanakmar- Amarkantak
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
11. Consider the following about a National park:
1. It is characterized by the high Alpine peaks,
Alpine meadows, and Riverine Forests.
2. Sainj, Tirthan and Parvati rivers flow
through this National Park.
3. It is the habitat for the largest known
population of the western Tragopan, an
endangered species of pheasants.
Which of the following National parks is best
described by the above features?
(a) Hemis National park
(b) Dachigam National park
(c) Great Himalayan National Park
(d) Kishtwar National park
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12. Which of the following animal species are
naturally found in Antarctica?
1. Caribous
2. Lemming
3. Musk ox
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) None of the above
13. With respect to Boreal forest, consider the
following statements :
1. Mostly it is occupied by soft wood trees.
2. Supports pure stand of coniferous forest.
3. Soil is mineral deficit and alkaline.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
14. Consider the following trees :
1. Sheesham
2. Sal
3. Avicennia
Which of the above trees grows in tropical
deciduous forest?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
15. Consider the following statements :
1. When compared to Eutrophic Lake,
Oligotrophic Lake has high species
diversity.
2. Nitrogen and Phosphorous determine the
trophic level of water bodies, because they
are the vital nutrient for primary
productivity.
Which of the above statement is/are not correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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16. Some statements about the Mangrove forest in
India are given below. Indicate whether they
are true or false using the code given below the
statements :
1. Mangroves are a group of trees and shrubs
that live in the coastal intertidal zone.
2. All of these trees grow in areas with low
oxygen soil, where slow-moving waters
allow fine sediments to accumulate.
3. Mangrove forests can grow at higher
latitudes also.
4. The intricate root system of mangroves also
makes these forests unattractive to fish and
other organisms.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
(a) 1-False, 2-False, 3-True, 4-True.
(b) 1-True, 2-True, 3-True, 4-False.
(c) 1-False, 2-False, 3-False, 4-False.
(d) 1-True, 2-True, 3-False, 4-False.
17. With respect to the coral distribution in India,
consider the following statements :
1. In India coral diversity is high in Gulf of
Kutch.
2. Most of the atoll reef is located in
Lakshadweep islands.
3. In India there is no co-development of
mangrove and corals in any coast.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 2 and 3 only
18. Which of the following is/are the reason for the
absence of coral reef in India’s northern coast
of Bay of Bengal?
1. High influx of fresh water
2. Existence of huge suspended particles
3. Heavy monsoonal rain.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
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19. With reference to Bonnethead shark, consider
the following statements:
1. It is the only shark which displays sexual
dimorphism.
2. It is the only shark species known to be
omnivorous.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
20. Which of the following provisions is/are added
in the Plastic waste management rules, 2016?
1. Minimum thickness of plastic carry bags
has been increased from 40 microns to 50
microns.
2. It expands the jurisdiction of applicability
of this rule from the municipal area to rural
areas.
3. Bring in the responsibilities of producers
and generators both in plastic waste
management system and to introduce
collect back system of plastic waste by
the producers/brand owners, as per
extended producers responsibility.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
21. Colony collapse disorder phenomenon is related
to which species?
(a) Olive Ridley.
(b) Dolphins.
(c) Elephants.
(d) Bees.
22. Sea grasses have undergone a considerable
decline in the last few decades as a result of
eutrophication, and from the destruction of
seabed habitat by coastal developments such as
dredging and port installations. Which of the
following species depends almost exclusively on
seagrass and is found in shallow tropical waters
of the Indian Ocean and South-west Pacific?
(a) Irrawaddy dolphin.
(b) Olive ridley.
(c) Harbour porpoise.
(d) Dugong.
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23. The health and extent of coral reefs are largely
dependent on coastal mangrove forests. In which
of the following ways do mangrove forest affect
coral reef?
1. Stabilize shorelines.
2. Blocks fresh water flow into coral
ecosystem.
3. Provide nursery habitat that maintain
fisheries.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
24. What does Biotic potential mean?
(a) The maximum reproductive capacity of an
organism under optimum environmental
conditions.
(b) The maximum energy mass that a organism
can produce under ideal environmental
conditions.
(c) It is the upper limit to biotic life sustenance
in the absence of mortality
(d) Non-living chemical and physical parts of
the environment that affect living organisms
and the functioning of ecosystems.
25. Marine debris and pollution consisting mostly of
plastic trash is accumulating in oceans around
the world. From the surface of the ocean, you
might not even realize that a vast garbage patch
swirls under the water. With ever-changing
content and borders, scientists have difficulty
estimating the size of these garbage patches.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch exists in the
northern Pacific Ocean, stretching between Japan
and the United States. With reference to the
above passage, what effect does garbage
patches have on the ocean ecosystem?
1. Inhibits the growth of algae, as plastics
can block sunlight.
2. Plastic can enter into food web of marine
ecosystem.
3. PCB, or Polychlorinated Biphenyl, is
known to accumulate in plastic, and can
accumulate to toxic levels in marine life
and in the humans that consume marine
life.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 2 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
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26. Which of the following statements regarding the
Biodiversity Conservation is/are correct?
1. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety aims to
ensure safe transfer, handle and use of living
modified organisms resulting from modern
biotechnology.
2. The Objective of Nagoya Protocol on
Access and Benefit Sharing is to fair and
equitable sharing of benefits arising from
the utilization of genetic resources.
3. India is party to both Cartagena Protocol
and Nagoya Protocol.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below:
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
27. The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is Oxygen that is
dissolved in water. The oxygen dissolves by
diffusion from the surrounding air; aeration of
water that has tumbled over falls and rapids.
Why is Dissolved Oxygen important in water?
1. Dissolved Oxygen is used as an indicator
of water quality and eutrophication status
of estuaries.
2. It is necessary for the survival of fish,
invertebrates, bacteria, and underwater
plants
3. Decomposition of organic matter
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
28. Consider the following statements regarding the
Nitrogen cycle:
1. Nitrogen fixation in atmosphere can be
done by lightning and cosmic radiation.
2. The process of conversion of nitrates into
free nitrogen is known as denitrification.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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29. Environment is a sum total of biotic and abiotic
components, influences and events surrounding
an organism. Here which of the following is/are
an example of abiotic component?
1. Lipids and humic substances.
2. Sea sponges
3. Subsoil Fauna
4. Atmosphere
5. Radiation
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 2, 4 and 5 only
(b) 4 and 5 only
(c) 1, 2, 4 and 5
(d) 1, 4, and 5 only
30. Desertification is defined as a process of land
degradation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid
areas due to various factors such as :
1. Overgrazing.
2. Urbanization.
3. Over drafting of groundwater.
4. Tillage practices in agriculture that place
soils less vulnerable to wind.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
31. Which of the following biotic interaction will have
the following characteristics?
1. Act as ‘conduits’ for energy transfer across
trophic levels.
2. Provide population stability.
3. Maintains species diversity in a community.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) Mutualism.
(b) Competition.
(c) Predation.
(d) Amensalism.
32. Ecological tipping point refers to _______.
(a) Farthest place of biosphere where there is
an existence of life.
(b) Critical point in an evolving situation that
leads to a new and irreversible development
(c) Margins of biomes.
(d) Climax community of the succession.
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33. Consider the following statements with reference
to Planktons in marine ecosystem :
1. They are non mobile, too small and weak
to swim against the current, exist in a
drifting state.
2. Planktons in marine ecosystem perform
both the roles of producers as well as
decomposer.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
34. With reference to ‘Pondicherry shark’, consider
the following statements:
1. It is locally known as Pala Sora.
2. It is listed as critically endangered under
IUCN red list.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
35. The only global and UN-based intergovernmental
organization established exclusively for the
conservation and management of terrestrial,
aquatic and avian migratory species throughout
their range under the United Nations Environment
Program (UNEP) is _________.
(a) Vienna Convention.
(b) Bonn Convention.
(c) Washington Convention.
(d) Ramsar convention.
36. Consider the following statements regarding
Sacred groves :
1. They are pristine stretches of forests that
must be registered under National parks.
2. They have been left untouched by the local
tribals as any interference with them is
banned by the local community.
Which of the statement given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None of the above
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37. As per the Environment (Protection) Rules,
1986, emissions of which of the following
compounds, emitted by certain industries, is
regulated by the Central Pollution Control
Board?
1. Caustic Soda Industry : Mercury
2. Man-made fibres : Suspended
Industry Solids
3. Petroleum and : Sulphides
Oil Refinery
Select the correct answer using the codes below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) All of the above
38. Consider the following with reference to
Indicator species :
1. Amphibians make good indicator species
because they live in two environments, land
and water.
2. Indicator species can also be used to
determine the health of an ecosystem.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
39. National Board for Wild Life, a “Statutory
Organization” constituted under the Wildlife
Protection Act, 1972 is chaired by which of the
following persons?
(a) The Prime Minister.
(b) Minister for Environment.
(c) Retired Supreme court judge.
(d) An eminent person appointed by the
government.
40. With reference to Himalayan Yew, consider the
following statements.
1. It is an endemic and exclusive species of
Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot region.
2. Taxol extracted from the plant has been
successfully used to treat some cancers
3. It is currently classified as endangered by
the IUCN.
Select the correct answer using the codes below:
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1 and 3 only
41. Very small animals are rarely found in polar
regions.This is mainly because:
(a) Very small animals find it difficult to escape
predators in polar regions.
(b) Small animals have a larger surface area
relative to their volume and they tend to
lose body heat very fast when it is cold
outside.
(c) Small animals find it difficult to find food in
polar regions.
(d) None of the above
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42. Consider the following statements regarding the
Secure Himalaya Project :
1. It was launched by Union Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change
(MoEFCC) in association with the United
Nations Development Programme
(UNDP).
2. It aims to ensure conservation of locally
and globally significant biodiversity, land
and forest resources in high Himalayan
ecosystem spread over four states viz.
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir,
Uttarakhand and Sikkim.
3. The key focus areas of the project is
protection of Snow leopard and other
endangered species and their habitats,
securing livelihoods of people in the region
and enhancing enforcement to reduce
wildlife crime.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
43. Consider the following statements with reference
to Vulture Safe Zones :
1. It is a form of Ex-situ conservation
mechanism
2. A Vulture Safe Zone (VSZ) is a
geographical area, the natural habitat of
wild vultures, of at least 100 Km radius
made free of the presence of the drug
diclofenac in animal carcasses, the major
food of vultures.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
44. Which among the following Biotic interactions is
matched correctly?
(I) (II)
1. Relationship between - Amensalism
Cattle egrets and Cattle.
2. Trees in Rainforest - Commensalism
ecosystem
3. Lion and Zebra - Predation
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) All of the above
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45. Consider the following statements with reference
to biodiversity :
1. Biodiversity usually increases as we move
from Coastal marshland to mid ocean
ridges
2. Biodiversity decreases as we climb along
a mountain.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
46. Consider the following statements :
1. National Park is a reserved area meant
for preservation and development of
endangered species.
2. Biosphere reserves is a reserved area
meant for preserving its natural vegetation,
wildlife and natural beauty.
3. Sanctuary is a multipurpose protected
areas to preserve genetic diversity in
representative ecosystems.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) All of the above
(d) None of the above
47. Which of the following statements is not correct
with reference to Vegetative propagation /
clones?
(a) Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual
reproduction of a plant.
(b) Only one plant is involved and the offspring
is the result of one parent.
(c) The new plant is not genetically identical
to the parent.
(d) In vascular plants, vegetative reproductive
plant parts include roots, stems, and leaves.
48. Biodiversity is the number and variety of
organisms found within a specified geographical
region. Consider the following in this regard and
choose the correct ones.
1. Biodiversity is richer in temperate region
compared to the Tropical and Polar
regions.
2. Biodiversity is a system in constant
evolution, from a view point of species
and individual organisms.
3. With the emergence of new species,
biodiversity is on a rise compared to earlier
times.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
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49. Ecosystems can be divided into Biomes.
Consider the following statements about Biomes
and choose the correct ones:
1. Biomes are the classifications of the
terrestrial ecosystems only.
2. A Biome is a plant and animal community
that covers a large geographical area.
3. The boundaries of different Biomes on land
are determined mainly by the climate.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) All of the above
50. The conservation of Biodiversity is a must for
the human existence. Consider the following in
this context and choose the incorrect ones:
1. Biodiversity hotspot is an IUCN identified
biodiversity region and are identified
according to their flora and fauna.
2. The Mega diversity centre is a biodiversity
region as per the Wild Life (Protection)
Act, 1972, and there are 12 such identified
regions.
3. India is a signatory to the Convention of
Biodiversity at the Earth Summit held at
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Select the answer from the code given below :
(a) 2 and 3 only
(b) All of the above
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) None of the above
51. Which of the following are ecological causes of
coral bleaching?
1. Solar irradiance.
2. Decrease in sediment load.
3. Rapid dilution of fresh water.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
52. Consider the following statements with reference
to Primary succession :
1. In ecology, primary succession is
succession driven only by the abiotic
components of an ecosystem.
2. Climate change due to non anthropological
reasons will induce primary succession.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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53. Consider the following characteristics :
1. They are the most common type of coral
reef that we see.
2. They grow near the coastline around islands
and continents.
The above characteristics are suitable to which
of the following coral reefs?
(a) Barrier reefs.
(b) Atolls.
(c) Patch reefs.
(d) Fringing reefs.
54. Consider the following statements with reference
to Biomagnification :
1. It is an increase in concentration of a
pollutant from the environment to the first
organism in a food chain.
2. Biomagnification occurs with toxins that are
stored short term in the organism (bio
accumulative) and are metabolized and
excreted quickly.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
55. Ecological balance is a state of dynamic
equilibrium within a community of organisms in
a habitat or ecosystem. Consider the following
statements in this context and choose the correct
ones.
1. Ecological balance happens when the
diversity of the living organisms remains
relatively stable.
2. Gradual changes do take place but happens
only through natural succession.
3. Ecological imbalance creation is always
man-made and happens only due to the
introduction of new species or other human
activities.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
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56. Consider the following statements :
1. Habitat is unique for a species while no
two species in a habitat can have the same
niche
2. The term habitat means the sum of all the
activities and relationships of a species by
which it uses the resources in its niche for
its survival and reproduction.
Select the incorrect statement (s) using the code
given below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None of the above.
57. Primary succession is much more difficult than
Secondary succession because :
1. There are relatively very few places on
earth that do not already have communities
of organisms.
2. It takes more time due to formation of soil
in the process of Primary Succession.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None of the above
58. Consider the following statements with reference
to Jhuming cultivation in India :
1. Jhum (Shifting) cultivation is a primitive
practice of cultivation in States of North
Eastern Hill Region of India and people
involved in such cultivation are called
Jhumia.
2. Jhuming cultivation will allow tropical rain
forests to expel unproductive species in
that ecosystem and becomes more diverse
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
59. Which of the following statements is not correct
with reference to ecotype?
(a) An ecotype is a population (or subspecies
or race) that can be adapted to any
environmental conditions.
(b) Species in ecotypes are narrowed down
more specifically.
(c) Ecotypes appear in response to a process
of natural selection within species.
(d) An ecotype may become a species through
a process of isolation which keeps the
ecotype from interbreeding with others
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60. Denitrification is a key process in water
treatment, it is the conversion of nitrates (NO3)
to inert nitrogen gas (N2). Which of the following
agents aid in the process of denitrification?
(a) Bacteria
(b) Algae
(c) Virus
(d) Fungi
61. Consider the following :
1. Earthworm.
2. Penicillium.
3. Woodlice.
4. Sea cucumbers.
5. Mushrooms.
Which of the above are Decomposers?
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only
(b) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
(c) 1, 3, 4 and 5 only
(d) 2, 3 and 4 only
62. Consider the following statements with reference
to Wetlands Rules, 2017 :
1. The new rules, notified by the environment
ministry, centralise wetlands management.
2. Wetland rules, 2017 deletes manmade
wetlands from the definition of wetlands.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
63. With reference to the 'CarbFix project', which
was frequently in News, Which one of the
following statements is correct?
(a) It aims to fix health issues related to
carbohydrates consumption in human
bodies.
(b) It is a project intended to lock away
carbon dioxide by reacting it with basaltic
rocks.
(c) It is a Private space mission intended to
send humans to International Space Station.
(d) It is a pilot project extracting hydrocarbons
from deep seas.
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64. Which Biosphere Reserve describes the
following features given below?
1. It was established in September, 1986.
2. The total area of the biosphere reserve is
around 5,520 Sq. Km.
3. It possesses different habitat types,
unspoilt areas of natural vegetation types
with several dry scrubs, dry and moist
deciduous, semi evergreen and wet
evergreen forests, evergreen sholas,
grasslands and swamps.
4. It includes the largest known population
of endangered animal species,namely the
Lion-tailed macaque.
5. Its topography is extremely varied, ranging
from an altitude of 250 m to 2,650 m.
Select the correct answer from the code given
below :
(a) Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve
(b) Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
(c) Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve
(d) Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
65. The world’s first ‘White Tiger safari’ opened up
in which of the following States?
(a) Chhattisgarh
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Odisha
(d) Karnataka
66. Which of the following groups of animals can
be found mostly in Inter-tidal zones?
(a) Mammals
(b) Amphibians
(c) Vertebrates
(d) Invertebrates
67. Which of the following species are present only
in India?
1. Asiatic Lion
2. Kashmir Stag
3. Asiatic Cheetah
4. Pygmy Hog
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2 and 4 only .
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68. Which of the following statements is not correct
with reference to Hydroponics?
(a) A plant just needs select nutrients, some
water and not sunlight to grow.
(b) Not only do plants grow without soil, they
often grow a lot better with their roots in
water instead.
(c) Hydroponic gardening virtually eliminates
the need for herbicides and pesticides
compared to traditional soil gardening.
(d) Any water that is used in hydroponic
gardening stays in the system and can be
reused.
69. Which of the following are the effects of growing
Plantation crops?
1. Depletes soil fertility
2. Reduces biodiversity
3. Decreases soil erosion
4. Deforestation
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 2 and 4 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only
(d) 1, 3 and 4 only
70. Consider the following statements with reference
to Zero tillage :
1. Soil erosion is almost eliminated through
no-till farming.
2. It increases the use of chemical herbicides
and pesticides.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
71. Recently, the Centre has approved a project to
abate pollution of a river at Navelim in Goa.
The name of the river is:
(a) Mandovi
(b) Zuari
(c) Sal
(d) Chapora
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72. Which of the following pollutants are considered
for calculating the Air Quality Index in India?
(1) Ammonia
(2) Lead
(3) Ozone
(4) Carbon dioxide
Select the correct answer using the code given
below :
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) All of the above
73. Arrange the following states in the increasing
order in terms of number of Tiger reserves
possessed by them.
1. Karnataka
2. Uttarakhand
3. Jharkhand
4. Jammu and Kashmir
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 4 - 3 - 2 - 1
(b) 1 - 4 - 3 - 2
(c) 1 - 4 - 2 - 3
(d) 1 - 2 - 3 – 4
74. Consider the following statements with reference
to Biomining :
1. Biomining is a technique of extracting
metals from ores and other solid materials
typically using Virus.
2. Biomining is an environmental friendly
technique compared to typical mining.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
75. Consider the following statements with reference
to National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic
Ecosystems (NPCA) :
1. National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic
Ecosystems (NPCA) was launched by the
Government in 2013 by merging two
erstwhile schemes viz. National Lake
Conservation Plan (NLCP) and National
Wetlands Conservation Programme
(NWCP).
2. It was launched as a centrally sponsored
scheme with Central and State Government
sharing the cost.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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76. Which of the following regions will come under
Coastal Regulation Zone-I category by Coastal
Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2011?
1. Salt Marshes.
2. Areas which are developed upto to the
shoreline and falling within municipal limits.
3. Mangroves.
4. Turtle nesting grounds.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only
(d) All of the above
77. Which of the following statements about captive
breeding is not correct?
(a) Captive Breeding programs are
departments within zoos, rescues,
sanctuaries and so on in which animals are
kept in enclosures and are bred to produce
future generations of their species
(b) Some major changes in behaviour of
captivity bred animals are a decrease in
predator avoidance, decrease in foraging
abilities, increase in sleeping patterns,
decrease in overall activity, and some
problems in social behaviours.
(c) Zoos are some of the biggest funders of
animal conservation projects and research.
(d) Zoos cannot cross breed animals and
increase the gene pool of an animal species
by breeding animals from different zoos in
different parts of the world.
78. Consider the following statements with reference
to the status of Vermin in India:
1. Wildlife Act, 1972 empowers every State’s
Chief Wildlife Warden to authorise hunters
to cull animals in a region where they are
a proven nuisance.
2. Once slotted as vermin, these animals, are
“open season” and could become easy
game for hunters as well as traders in meat.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
79. Recently under which of the following Mission/
Yojana the Union government will employ
Embryo Transfer Technology to optimize genetic
improvement in cattle?
(a) Rashtriya Gokul Mission.
(b) National Mission on Bovine Productivity.
(c) Govardhan Gram Yojana.
(d) National Mission on Bovine Breeding.
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80. Consider the following statements regarding
Bamboo:
(1) Bamboo grown in non-forest areas has
now been omitted from the definition of
trees.
(2) In the forest areas, it would continue to be
governed by the provisions of the Indian
Forest Act, 1927.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
81. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change (MoEFCC) has released India State of
Forest Report (ISFR) 2017. In this context
which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) The India State of Forest Report is
prepared by Forest Survey of India on a
biennial basis.
(b) The Forest Report has been prepared by
using Resourcesat-2 satellite data.
(c) The Report shows that there has been an
increase of 1% in forest cover at the
national level.
(d) All the North Eastern States have witnessed
an increase in forest cover.
82. Consider the following statements with reference
to Trophy Hunting :
1. Trophy hunting is the selective hunting of
animals for human recreation where animal
or part of the animal (horns, skin, etc)
kept as the trophy.
2. Hunting for sport is prohibited in India but
international trade in exotic species has
been allowed as per the provisions of
Foreign trade (Development and
Regulation) Act, 1992, and the EXIM
(export-import) policy of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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83. Consider the following statements with reference
to Sacred groves :
1. Sacred groves of India are forest fragments
of varying sizes, which are communally
protected, and which usually have a
significant religious connotation for the
protecting community.
2. Hunting and logging are usually strictly
prohibited within these patches.
3. Sacred groves confined to the region of
North east India.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
84. India has embarked on an ambitious Rs. 10,000
Crore deep sea mission, likely to commence by
the year end, to explore and mine mineral wealth
beneath the ocean floor.
Which among the following can be an effect of
deep sea mining?
1. Seabed habitat degradation.
2. Pelagic ecosystem impacts.
3. Noise pollution.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
85. India has become the first nation in the world to
adopt an Agroforestry policy. The National
Agroforestry Policy, which deals with the
practice of integrating trees, crops and livestock
on the same plot of land, was launched February
10, 2014 the first day of the World Congress
on Agroforestry, held in Delhi. With respect to
Agroforestry, consider the following statements:
1. Agroforestry helps minimize the need for
chemical nutrients and fertilizers.
2. Gestation period is very low in agroforestry.
3. Less intensive knowledge is required for
agroforestry.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
86. “Hywind” Project is seen in news sometimes. It
is related to which of the following?
(a) It is world’s first floating wind farm in
Scotland.
(b) It is world’s largest wind farm being
developed in China.
(c) It is Kerala’s project to develop offshore
wind energy.
(d) It is a project to develop most efficient
way store wind energy being done by Elon
Musk.
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87. Consider the following species in India :
1. Great Indian Bustard.
2. Pink headed duck.
3. Namdapha Flying Squirrel.
4. Purple frog.
Which of the above species is/are critically
endangered and is/are found in tropical evergreen
forests?
(a) 3 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 only
88. With reference to the National Tiger Estimates,
consider the following statements:
(1) The national tiger estimates are conducted
once in four years, with the first conducted
in 2006.
(2) The world’s single largest tiger population
in a landscape exists in the Bandipur-
Nagarahole-Mudumalai-Wayanad
complex.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
89. Consider the following statements with reference
to Green List :
1. Green list is a Global standard to evaluate
the governance of protected areas.
2. It is a programme of UNEP, IUCN and
WWF.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
90. Consider the following statements with reference
to Sea weeds :
1. Marine microalgae, or seaweeds, are
plantlike organisms that generally live
attached to rock or other hard substrata
in coastal areas.
2. All seaweeds are edible, though some are
more nutritional and palatable than others,
and some can cause stomach upset.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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91. Environmental Impact Assessment notification,
1994 is placed under which of the following
legislation?
(a) Forest Conservation Act.
(b) Biodiversity Act.
(c) Environmental Protection Act.
(d) Wildlife Protection Act.
92. Consider the following statements with reference
to National Chambal Sanctuary :
1. National Chambal Sanctuary is the tri-state
protected area in northern India for the
protection of the Critically Endangered
Gharial, the red-crowned roof turtle and
the Endangered Ganges river dolphin.
2. It is part of the Kathiawar-Gir dry
deciduous forests.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
93. Which of the following can be attributed as the
effect of snow on plants?
1. It acts as blanket and prevents further drop
in temperature and protects seedlings from
excessive cold and frost.
2. It results in mechanical straightening of tree
stem.
3. It elongates the period of vegetative
growth.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1 and 2 only
94. Consider the following statements with reference
to Biosphere reserves :
1. Biosphere reserves are nominated by
national governments and remain under the
sovereign jurisdiction of the states where
they are located.
2. In Biosphere reserves people are an
integral part of it.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
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95. Which of the following has the largest biomass
in most terrestrial food chains?
(a) Top carnivores
(b) Carnivores
(c) Hetrotrophs
(d) Autotrophs
96. The most biologically diverse ecosystems on
Earth is ____________.
(a) Littoral forest.
(b) Tropical rain forest.
(c) Tundra ecosystem.
(d) Temperate deciduous forest.
97. Consider the following statements with reference
to mulching :
1. Stubble burning which is widely practiced
in north India, is a form of Mulching.
2. It is generally advisable to practice
mulching during the rainy season.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 .
98. Which of the following assist in the process of
carbon sequestration?
1. Algal Bloom
2. Urban forestry
3. Decrease in peat bogs
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
99. Ecological succession is characterized by
1. Increased productivity.
2. Decreased niche development.
3. Increased complexity of food webs.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) All of the above
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100. Which of the following food chain mostly follows
a detritus pathway?
1. Oligotrophic lake.
2. Mangrove ecosystem.
3. Tropical Evergreen Forest.
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below :
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 3 only
(d) None of the above