Post on 22-Jul-2020
DNA Technology
Breeding desired traits of some plants and
animals is called selective breeding.
1. Selective Breeding
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
Ex. White rabbits are
rarely found in the wild
but are bred to sell as
pets.
2. Hybridization
Genetics and Biotechnology
Breeding 2 animals of
similar species to get a
“blend” in the offspring.
Most offspring are
infertile – they cannot
have kids.
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Coywolves are
coyote-wolf
hybrids (with
some dog
mixed in)
and number in
the millions in
the Eastern
U.S.
3. Recombinant DNA
Involves inserting the DNA of one organism
into the DNA of another organism using gene
splicing.
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
Organisms that have
DNA from other
organisms are called
transgenic
organisms.
Transgenic organisms
Chapter 13
A. Transgenic microorganisms: bacteria used
to produce substances including insulin,
growth hormone, clotting factor.
B. Transgenic Animals:
faster growing, resistant
to disease, less fatty
meats, etc.
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
C. Transgenic
Plants: are resistant
to disease, produce
their own insecticide,
and increased
vitamin content.
Transgenic organisms are used
Genetics and Biotechnology
to study the expression
of a particular gene
to investigate cellular
processes
to study the
development of certain
diseases
Genetically engineered bollworm
Chapter 13
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
3 male transgenic pigs –
developed by injecting fluorescent
green protein
into embryonic pig DNA
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
ANDi was developed by
injecting the jellyfish
gene for green
florescence into the
DNA of an unfertilized
egg of a normal female
Rhesus monkey.
Three monkeys were
successfully altered in
this way, but only ANDi
survived.
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
Goats produce milk +spider
silk. Silk is called BIOSTEEL
and can be used for artificial
tendons and ligaments,
sutures for surgery,
biodegradable fishing line,
bulletproof vests and
lightweight body armor.
Genes for Vitamin A are added
to rice to make Golden Rice.
Helps to prevent blindness in
children that are
malnourished.
Genetics and Biotechnology
Recombinant DNA is also used to:
• Create oil-eating bacteria to clean up oil spills
• Make vaccines against diseases
Chapter 13
Genetics and Biotechnology
Scientists use restriction enzymes as “chemical
scissors” to isolate specific genes.
Chapter 13
An electric current is used
to separate DNA fragments
by size in gel
electrophoresis.
The DNA fragment can
then be added to the other
cell’s DNA strand using
chemicals.Gel electrophoresis
How is recombinant DNA made?
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
4. Cloning
Process of producing offspring from a single parent cell by:
removing a cell’s nucleus from the parent
putting it inside an egg cell in the foster mother’s uterus
using chemicals to make it start growing into a fetus
The adult sheep is Dolly, the
first mammal cloned from an
adult cell. The lamb is Dolly’s
offspring, called Bonnie.
Rainbow (Left) was
cloned to make CC
(Right). Allie (Below)
was CC’s foster mother.
Used in farming
livestock to
produce clones of
healthy cattle
Genetics and BiotechnologyChapter 13
5. PCR is used to make thousands of
copies of a DNA sequence. Has
been used to help identify 9/11
victims.
6. DNA Fingerprinting is used to
identify individuals by their genetic
makeup. Used in crime solving and
paternity tests.
7. Genome is the total DNA in the nucleus of
each cell.
Genetics and Biotechnology
The Human Genome Project
• determined the order of the 3 billion+
nucleotides in human DNA and the 20,000–
25,000 different human genes.
• provides a DNA catalog for further research in
genetics and disease prevention
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