Post on 28-Feb-2018
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DIVERSITY OFMICROBIAL
WORLD
Kelompok 6
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MICROBIAL WORLD
Beyond your level o v!"!on e#!"$" %m!&ro'!%l (orld $eem!n) (!$* l!e
+ener%lly, ! (e $*!nk o m!&ro'e" %$%ll, (e $*!nk o $*em %" d!"e%"e%)en$"
Tod%y, m!&ro'e" %re %l"o 'e!n) u"ed
!n $*e r%p!dly )ro(!n) '!o$e&*nolo)y-eld
2
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MICROBES FLO.RIS/
0re"en$ on E%r$* 123 $o 4 '!ll!onye%r" %)o
Evolv!n) %nd e#p%nd!n) !n$o ne(env!ronmen$"
Dr!ven $*e developmen$ o ne(
e&o"y"$em"
3
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CLASSIFICATIO5
L!v!n) or)%n!"m" &%n 'e )rouped!n$o $*ree dom%!n"
%2 T*e Ar&*e% Euk%ryo$e"'2 T*e B%&$er!%
0rok%ryo$e"
&2 T*e Eu&%r!%
4
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BACTERIA ARCAHEA EUKARYA
CELL TY0E 0rok%ryo$!& 0rok%ryo$!& Euk%ryo$!&
CELL WALL Con$%!n"
pep$!do)ly&%n
L%&k"
pep$!do&ly&%n
I pre"en$
&on$%!n"pep$!do)ly&%n
0LASMA MEMBRA5ELI0ID
E"$er l!nk"'e$(een pol%r*e%d 7 %$$y%&!d"
E"$er l!nk" E"$er l!nk"
R5A 0OLYMERASE One 84 "u'un!$"9 Sever%l 8:;
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.5IVERSAL 0/YLO+E5ETIC TREE
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ST.CT.RE OF 0ROKARYOTES
7
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8
ST.CT.RE OF E.KARYOTES
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COMPONENT PROKARYOTE(%)
EUKARYOTE(%)
NUCLEIC ACIDPROTEINPOLYSACCHARIDE
PEPTIDOGLYCANLIPID
4>
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Rel%$!ve "!?e" o m!&roor)%n!"m"
11
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Comp%r!"on o Cell" %nd V!ru"e"
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5ORMAL FLORA
Re)ul%rly ound !n &er$%!n %re% !n*um%n 'ody
0redom!n%n$ &omponen$ @'%&$er!% T*ey prol!er%$e !n on $*e mu&o"% %nd
p%r$!&ul%rly !n $*e )%"$ro!n$e"$!n%l$r%&$@4>> d!eren$ "pe&!e"
Over o $*e norm%l mu&o"%l or%%re o'l!)%$e %n%ero'e", dom!n%$ed 'y$*e )r%m;ne)%$!ve 7 %n%ero'e"
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Bene-$ or $*e!r *o"$"pene$r%$e !n$o $*e *o"$ $*rou)*
m!&ro$r%um%", re"ul$!n) !n % &on$!nuou"
"$!mul%$!on o $*e !mmune "y"$em&ompe$e or l!v!n) "p%&e (!$* over$ly
p%$*o)en!& "pe&!e" 8&olon!?%$!on re"!"$%n&e9
0o$en$!%lly *%rmul ee&$ &%u"e!ne&$!on" !n !mmuno&omprom!"ed!nd!v!du%l"
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D!"$ur'ed '%l%n&e@ m%y le%d $o !ne&$!on"
F%&$or"Redu&ed 'ody deen&e"
In&re%"e p%$*o)en!&!$y
Al$er%$!on 'y %n$!'!o$!&"
@Bro%d "pe&$rum &%n
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5orm%l Flor% %nd T*e Re)!on"
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CATE+ORIES OF I5FECTIO.S A+E5TS
0RIO5S 0r!on" %re %'norm%l orm" o % *o"$ pr!on
pro$e!n 80r09
T*e"e %)en$" &%u"e $r%n"m!""!'le"pon)!orm en&ep*%lop%$*!e"!n&lud!n)Creu$?eld;%ko' d!"e%"e, 'ov!ne"pon)!orm en&ep*%lop%$*y, %nd v%r!%n$Creu$?eld$;%ko' d!"e%"e2
T*e pro$e%"e;re"!"$%n$ 0r0 promo$e"&onver"!on o $*e norm%l pro$e%"e;"en"!$!ve 0r0 $o $*e %'norm%l
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0RIO5
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VIR.SES
V!ru"e" %re o'l!)%$e !n$r%&ellul%rp%r%"!$e"*o"$ &ell" me$%'ol!&$*e!rrepl!&%$!on
V!ru"e" &on"!"$ o nu&le!& %&!d )enome8 D5A or R5A 9 "urrounded 'y % pro$e!n&o%$ 8&%p"ed9
T*e "*%pe o $*e &%p"!d !&o"%*edr%l or
*el!&%l %nd "ome$!me" &overed 'y l!p!denvelope
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EGAM0LES
Cy$ome)%lov!ru" 8CMV9 &y$ome)%l!&!n&lu"!on d!"e%"e
/erpe" v!ru" &old "ore, )en!$%l *erpe"
/ep%$!$!" A;E v!ru"
%&u$e 7 &*ron!&*ep%$!$!" V%r!&ell%;?o"$er v!ru"&*!&kenpo# /um%n p%p!llom%v!ru"&ondylom%, &erv!%l
&%r&!nom% 0ol!o v!ru" pol!omyel!$!" Ep"$e!n B%rr v!ru" !ne&$!ou"
mononu&leo"!" /IV;< %nd /IV;= AIDS
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BACTERIO0/A+ES, 0LASMIDS,TRA5S0OSO5S
Mo'!le )ene$!& elemen$" $*%$ !ne&$'%&$er!% %nd &%n !nd!re&$ly &%u"e *um%nd!"e%"e" 'y en&od!n) '%&$er!%l v!rulen&e
%&$or" B%&$er!op*%)e" or pl%"m!d" &%n &onver$
o$*er(!"e nonp%$*o)en!& '%&$er!% !n$ov!rulen$ one"
0l%"m!d" or $r%n"po"on" en&od!n)%n$!'!o$!& re"!"$%n&e
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DIA+RAM OF BACTERIO0/A+E
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BACTERIA B%&$er!%l !ne&$!on" %re &ommon &%u"e" o
d!"e%"e B%&$er!%l &ell" %re prok%ryo$e"
Cl%""!-ed 'y +r%m "$%!n!n) 8po"!$!ve orne)%$!ve9, "*%pe 8e2)2, "p*er!&%l one" %recocciH rod;"*%ped one" %re bacilli9, %nd ormo re"p!r%$!on 8%ero'!& or %n%ero'!&9
T*ere %re $(o orm" o &ell (%ll "$ru&$ure" +r%m;po"!$!ve '%&$er!%8re$%!n" &ry"$%l v!ole$ "$%!n"9 +r%m;ne)%$!ve '%&$er!% 8no$ re$%!n" &ry"$%l v!ole$
"$%!n"9
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Mo"$ '%&$er!% "yn$*e"!?e $*e!r o(nD5A, R5A, %nd pro$e!n", 'u$ @ *o"$or $*e!r nu$r!$!on
Mo"$ '%&$er!%@e#$r%&ellul%r, O'l!)%$e !n$r%&ellul%r '%&$er!%@&%n
)ro( only (!$*!n *o"$ &ell"
F%&ul$%$!ve !n$r%&ellul%r '%&$er!%@&%n "urv!ve %nd repl!&%$e e!$*erou$"!de or !n"!de o *o"$ &ell"
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D!eren&e" o )r%m ne)%$!ve %nd )r%mpo"!$!ve '%&$er!%
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PropertyGra!po"#t#$e
Gra!e&at#$e
T*!&kne"" o (%ll $*!&k 8=>;:>nm9
$*!n 8 nm9
5um'er o l%yer" < =
0ep$!do)ly&%n 8mure!n9&on$en$
J3> ;=>
Te!&*o!& %&!d" !n (%ll pre"en$ %'"en$
L!p!d %nd l!popro$e!n&on$en$
>;1 3:
0ro$e!n &on$en$ >
L!popoly"%&&*%r!de&on$en$
>
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B%"!& "*%pe o '%&$er!%
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S*%pe %nd %rr%n)emen$" o '%&$er!%l &ell
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E"&*er!&*!% &ol! S$%p*ylo&o&&u" %ureu"
My&o'%&$er!um $u'er&ulo"!" Borrel!% 'ur)dorer!
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MICROBIAL METABOLISM
M!&roor)%n!"m" v%ry (!$* re)%rd $o $*e"our&e" o ener)y
%2 0*o$o$rop* l!)*$
'2 C*emo$rop* &*em!&%l&2 C*emoor)%no$rop* or)%n!&&ompound
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MICROBIAL METABOLISM
A Cell" Me$%'ol!"m &%n 'e dev!ded !n$o$*e ollo(!n) 3 "e&$!on"
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MICROBIAL METABOLISM
12 T*e NBu!ld!n) Blo&k %re &onver$ed$o monomer" even$u%ly !n %n%&$!v%$ed orm
42 T*e"e %&$!v%$ed monomer" %repolymer!?ed
@T*e"e $(o '!o"yn$*e$!& pro&e""e"
&ompr!"!n) A5ABOLISM reu!reener)y m%!nly prov!ded %" AT0
32 T*e 0olymer" %re $r%n"por$ed $o $*e%ppropr!%$e %re% o $*e &ell or $*e!rproper un&$!on 33
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C/LAMYDIAE, RICKETTSIAE,MYCO0LASMAS
T*e"e m!&ro'e" %re )rouped $o)e$*er 'e&%u"e@l!ke % '%&$er!% dev!de 'y '!n%ry -""!on7 "en"!$!ve$o %n$!'!o$!&"@ 'u$ l%&k o &er$%!n "$ru&$ure"
My&opl%"m l%&k % &ell (%ll %nd C*l%myd!%&%nno$ "yn$*e"!?e %deno"!ne $r!p*o"p*%$e PAT0Q
C*l%myd!%e %nd R!&ke$$"!%e %re o'l!)%$e!n$r%&ellul%r or)%n!"m $*%$ repl!&%$e !nmem'r%ne;'ound v%&uole" !n ep!$*el!%l &ell" %nd
$*e &y$opl%"m o endo$*el!%l &ell"
R!&ke$$"!%e %re no$%'le or $*e!r $r%n"m!""!on 'y%r$*ropod ve&$or", !n&lud!n) l!&e, $!&k", %nd m!$e"
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Chlamydia trachomatis!" $*e mo"$ reuen$!ne&$!ou" &%u"e o em%le "$er!l!$y %nd'l!ndne""
By !nur!n) endo$*el!%l &ell", r!&ke$$"!%e &%u"e% *emorr*%)!& v%"&ul!$!", m%y %l"o &%u"e %$r%n"!en$ pneumon!% or *ep%$!$!" 8 ever9 or!nure $*e &en$r%l nervou" "y"$em 8C5S9
Mycoplasma e)2 M. pneumoniae"pre%d"rom per"on $o per"on 'y %ero"ol", '!nd" $o$*e "ur%&e o ep!$*el!%l &ell" !n $*e %!r(%y",%nd &%u"e" %n %$yp!&%l pneumon!%
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F.5+I Fun)! %re euk%ryo$e" $*%$ $*!&k &*!$!n;&on$%!n!n) &ell
(%ll" %nd er)o"$erol;&on$%!n!n) &ell mem'r%ne" Fun)! &%n )ro( e!$*er %" 'udd!n) ye%"$ &ell" or %"
"lender -l%men$ou" *yp*%e2
/yp*%e m%y 'e "ep$%$e or %"ep$%$e Fun)! m%y produ&e "e#u%l "pore" or, %"e#u%l "pore" Fun)! m%y &%u"e "uper-&!%l or deep !ne&$!on"
; Super-&!%l !ne&$!on" !nvolve $*e "k!n, *%!r, %ndn%!l" 8Derm%$op*y$" $!ne% ped!", $!ne% &%p!$!"9
; Deep un)%l !ne&$!on" &%n de"$roy!n) v!$%lor)%n" !n !mmuno&omprom!"ed *o"$" 8&%nd!d%,%"per)!llu", &ryp$o&o&&u"9
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Yea"t; C%nd!d% %l'!&%n"
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0ROTOOA
0%r%"!$!& pro$o?o% %re euk%ryo$e"
0ro$o?o% &%n repl!&%$e !n$r%&ellul%rly (!$*!n %
v%r!e$y o &ell" 8Plasmodium !n red 'lood&ell", Leishmania !n m%&rop*%)e"9 ore#$r%&ellul%rly !n $*e uro)en!$%l "y"$em,!n$e"$!ne, or 'lood
Trichomonas vaginalis %re p%r%"!$e" $*%$ %re"e#u%lly $r%n"m!$$ed %nd &%n &olon!?e $*ev%)!n% %nd m%le ure$*r%2
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En$%moe'% *!"$oly$!&% %nd +!%rd!% l%m'l!%, *%ve$(o orm"
8
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Tr!&*omon%" v%)!n%l!" To#opl%"m% )ond!!
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0
R
O
T
O
OA
F.5
+I
Fun)! %nd pro$o?o% &omp%r!"on
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/ELMI5T/S
0%r%"!$!& (orm" %re *!)*ly d!eren$!%$edmul$!&ellul%r or)%n!"m"
Depend!n) on p%r%"!$e "pe&!e", *um%n"m%y *%r'or e!$*er %dul$ (orm" 8Ascaris
lumbricoides)or !mm%$ure "$%)e"8Toxocara canis) or %"e#u%l l%rv%l orm"8Echinococcus "pe&!e"9
T*ere %re $(o &on"euen&e" orepl!&%$!on o %dul$ (orm" D!"e%"e !" o$en &%u"ed 'y !n%mm%$oryre"pon"e" $o $*e e))" or l%rv%e r%$*er $*%n $o $*e%dul$" D!"e%"e !" !n propor$!on $o $*e num'er oor)%n!"m" $*%$ *%ve !ne&$ed $*e !nd!v!du%l
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Roundorms8nematodes9 *%ve % &oll%)enou"$e)umen$ %nd % non"e)men$ed "$ru&$ure 8Ascaris"pe&!e", *ook(orm", Strongyloides! Trichinella"pe&!e" %mon) $*e $!""ue !nv%der"9
"latorms8cestodes9 %re )u$le"" (orm" (*o"e*e%d 8"&ole#9 "prou$" % r!''on o %$ "e)men$"8pro)lo$$!d"9 &overed 'y %n %'"orp$!ve $e)umen$28pork, 'ee, %nd -"* $%pe(orm" %nd $*e &y"$!&$%pe(orm l%rv%e 8cysticerci%nd hydatid&y"$"9
"lu#es8trematodes9 %re le%!ke (orm" (!$* %"yn&y$!%l !n$e)umen$ 8$*e A"!%n l!ver %nd lun)uke" %nd $*e 'lood;d(ell!n) "&*!"$o"ome"9
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A"&%r!" lum'r!&o!de"
S&*!"$o"om% m%n"on!
F%"&!ol% *ep%$!&%
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ECTO0ARASITES
E&$op%r%"!$e" %re !n"e&$" 8l!&e, 'ed'u)", e%"9 or%r%&*n!d" 8m!$e", $!&k", "p!der"9 $*%$ %$$%&* $o%nd l!ve on or !n $*e "k!n
Ar$*ropod" m%y produ&e d!"e%"e 'y d!re&$ $!""ued%m%)e or !nd!re&$ly 'y "erv!n) %" $*e ve&$or"or $r%n"m!""!on o !ne&$!ou" %)en$" 8e2)2, deer$!&k" $r%n"m!$ $*e Lyme d!"e%"e "p!ro&*e$e $.
burgdor%eri9
Some %r$*ropod" !ndu&e !$&*!n) %nd e#&or!%$!on"8e2)2, ped!&ulo"!" @*%!r "*%$", or "&%'!e" &%u"ed@$*e "$r%$um &orneum9
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T/A5K YO.