Post on 29-Mar-2015
Disaster management in India
Anand PatwardhanIIT-Bombay
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 2
Why?
Climate change is likely to be perceived through experience of extreme weather events
Therefore, response to climate change will perhaps happen through adaptation to climate hazards
Important to characterize the institutional mechanisms and structures in place for responding to natural (and climate-related) disasters
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 3
Mortality due to natural hazards 1990 - 2000
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Average annual impacts from natural hazards
Mortality: 3600 Crop area: 1.42 million hectares Property (houses): 2.36 million dwellings
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 5
Exposure to natural hazards
40 million hectares flood prone (5% of area) 54% area exposed to seismic activity East coast of India and Gujarat (West coast)
exposed to cyclone risk A preliminary assessment of exposure to major
hazard categories has been done in 1996-1998 (as a part of IDNDR) by the Building Materials Technology Promotion Council of the Ministry of Urban Development. Check: http://www.bmtpc.org/disaster.htm
Trying to put this information in a GIS format
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Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay 7
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Disaster management
Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management
Statutory responsibility of state governments Central government provides logistic and
financial support Elaborate response mechanism at national level State level responses vary National coordinating body: National Disaster
Management Cell (NDMC), Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture (http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/)
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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : NODAL MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTERS NODAL MINISTRIES
Natural Disasters Agriculture
Air Accidents Civil Aviation
Civil Strife Home Affairs
Railway Accidents Railways
Chemical Disasters Environment
Biological Disasters Health & family Welfare
Nuclear Accident Atomic Energy
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National response mechanism
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MANAGEMENT MECHANISM
* Integrated Administrative Machinery* National Contingency Action Plan -
identify initiatives by various agencies* Department of Agriculture &
Cooperation - the Nodal Department* Central Relief Commissioner - Chief
Nodal Officer at National level* State/District Contingency Plans and
Relief Manuals
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Natural Disaster Response-Government of India
National Crisis Management Committee(NCMC) under Cabinet Secretary
Crisis Management Group(CMG) under Central Relief Commissioner
Group of Ministers, Group of Secretaries and High Level Committees-Need base
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GOI Departments for Disaster Response
Armed Forces-Ministry of Defence
Central Para Military Forces- Ministry of Home Affairs
International Response- Ministry of External Affairs
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GOI Departments for Disaster Response
Ministries/Departments:Rural Development, Drinking Water Supply Power, Telecom , Health, Urban DevelopmentFood & Public Distribution, ShippingSurface Transport, Railways, Civil AviationWomen & Child DevelopmentWater Resources, Animal HusbandryIndia Meteorological Department(IMD)
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY- SALIENT FEATURES
* Recognition of linkages between natural
disasters and development
* Connecting of specific programmes like
DPAP, DDP, NWDPRA and Wasteland
Development Programme for managing
natural disasters
* Emphasis on forecasting and warning using advanced technology
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CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT - SALIENT FEATURES
* Human resource Development
* Setting up of National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM)
* Setting up of Disaster Management Faculties in States
* Programmes for Community Participation and Public Awareness
* Observing National Disaster Reduction Day
* Activities to achieve the goals and objectives of IDNDR/ISDR
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External Assistance -Policy
No formal appeal for external assistance made for relief
External assistance,if offered as solidarity accepted with gratitude
Gujarat earthquake- international response overwhelming
Bi-lateral agreements suggested by some countries for emergency response
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DISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE STATES
STATE CABINET STATES CRISIS MANAGEMENT
GROUP: HEADED BY CHIEF SECRETARY.
INSTITUTION OF RELIEF COMMISSIONERS IN STATES
STATES/DISTRICTS CONTINGENCY PLAN S / RELIEF CODES.
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Example: AP cyclone hazard mitigation project outcomes
Hazard mitigation studies (international consultants)
IMD early warning capacity through Doppler radar
Infrastructure creation and restoration Floods – drains & embankments Road restoration Storm shelters Electricity transmission and distribution
What about system / process capabilities?
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Observations Recognition of linkage between natural hazards
and development Connecting developmental programs (DPAP,
NWDB) to disaster management Forecasting and warning (technology use) Contingency planning
Foodgrain availability Preparedness
Adaptive capacity by creating a management system
However, focus still on relief; recovery and adaptive capacity not thought through
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Underlying questions
How can we evaluate the portfolio of disaster management projects to: Assess implications of climate change for
project benefits? Assess implications of project for reducing
vulnerability to climate change? Related question:
How can we incrementally adjust project design or implementation to enhance climate change related benefits?