Post on 14-Dec-2015
Digitale medier: formidling og design19. aprilOnline communities, identitet og repræsentation
Oversigt
• Online communities• Ingen kage :o(• Foredrag i Audi 1
– Jeanette Blomberg 14.30-15.30
– John King 15.30-16.30
Online communities
• Hvilken form for kommunikation?
• Hvilke sites er online communities?
• Fokus på – Identitet– Sprog– Køn– Relation online/offline
Hvad er online communities for en størrelse?• Igen: De må pr. definition
være medier af tredje grad• Her er et eksempel• Er de en form for
kommunikation (altså udveksling af meddelelser)?
Transmissionsmodellen
Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1963). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Original Publication: 1949, ISBN: 0252725484. P. 7.
Eller?
• A ritual view of communication is directed not towards the extension of messages in space but toward the maintenance of society in time; not the act of imparting information but the representation of shared beliefs (Carey p. 18)
Er de en form for kommunikation som ritual?• One must examine
communication […] as the primary phenomena of experience and not as something ”softer” and derivative from a ”realer” existent nature (Carey p. 26).
• Hvordan opleves Arto af brugerne? Som en primær virkelighed, som en udvandet udgave af en udenforliggende virkelighed, eller som en kombination?
Hvilke sites er online communities?• Online mødesteder
– Dating: dating.dk– Friending: arto.dk– Knowledge sharing: slashdot
• User generated content– Fildeling
• Client/server: Napster• Peer-to-peer (P2P): Limewire
– Tagging: del.icio.us
• Blogs (web logs)• Husk etikken!
Baym, N. (1998). The emergence of online community. In S. G. Jones (Ed.), Cybersociety 2.0. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.Baym, N. K. (2000). Tune in, log on: soaps, fandom, and online community. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. ISBN: 0761916490
Blogs (Nardi et al.)
• ”a series of archived Internet posts typically characterized by brief texts entered in reverse chronological order and generally containing hypertext links to other sites recommended by the author”
Hvad er en blog?
• Reverse chronological journaling (format)
• Regular, date-stamped entries [with permalink - CB] (timeliness)
• Links to related news articles, documents, blog entries within each entry (attribution)
• Archived entries (old content remains accessible)
• Links to related blogs (blogrolling)• RSS or XML feed (ease of
syndication)• Passion (voice)
Gill, K. E. (2004). How can we measure the influence of the blogosphere?, WWW2004. New York, NY, URL: http://faculty.washington.edu/kegill/pub/www2004_blogosphere_gill.pdf.
Short history• April 1997: Scripting News
begins• September 1997: Slashdot
launch• Late 1997: Jorn Barger creates
term ’weblog’• Early 1999: First blogging
portal, EatonWeb• August 1999: Launch of
Blogger (free blogging tool)• 2002: Blogger acquired by
Three levels of privacy
• Listed– On commercial blog-sites list of
blogs
• Unlisted– Can be detected via ’referrer’
data in followed links
• Password protected– Must log in to view, but can still
be quoted
Five reasons to blog
• Documenting the author's life
• Providing commentary and opinions
• Expressing deeply felt emotions
• Working out ideas through writing (blog as muse)
• Forming and maintaining communities or forums
Design recommendations• Integration with online
communication and document management tools
• Photoware• Searching and indexing• Audience specificity and
privacy• Group blogs• Quality control• Ease of use
Teenage blogs (Huffaker & Calvert)• Blogs were retrieved using
search strings such as "teens," "teen blogs," and "teenager," yielding 347 teen blogs. After reviewing each link, and removing inactive URLs or links to sites created by adults (including 18- and 19-year-olds), 184 blogs remained (males = 63, females = 121), which represents the final sample of active teenage blogs
Sampling method
• Because of the abundance of female blog results, the sample was separated by gender and a stratified random sampling method was employed to even the sample. The final sample consisted of a total of 70 weblogs, equally distributed across male and female authors
Disclosure of personal information
Use of emoticons
DOES AUTHOR REVEAL??
TOTAL (n=70) MALE (n=35) FEMALE (n=35)
First name 70% (49) 36% (25) 34% (24)
Full name 20% (14) 13% (9) 7% (5)
Age 67% (47) 37% (26) 30% (21)
Birth date 39% (27) 21% (15) 18% (12)
Location 59% (41) 34% (24) 25% (17)
Contact information
61% (43) 27% (19) 34% (24)
Email 44% (31) 19% (13) 25% (18)
Instant Messenger name
44% (31) 24% (16) 20% (14)
Home page URL 30% (21) 9% (6) 21% (15)
Disclosure of personal information by gender
Contingency table of sexual identity
Mean Score
MALEMean Score
FEMALE
Certainty 42.44 40.33
Tenacity 32.31 31.65
Leveling 8.56 7.89
Collectivity 4.46 3.18
Insistence 43.90 37.57
Numerical Terms 32.99 33.09
Ambivalence 17.49 19.62
Self-reference 35.43 38.84
Variety 0.53 .55
Mean language scores for activity, aggression, and passivity
Mean Score
MALEMean Score
FEMALE
Activity 51.04 50.06
Aggression 3.03 2.14
Accomplishment 5.14 4.60
Communication 8.83 9.38
Motion 4.94 3.67
Cognitive Terms 7.82 8.68
Passivity 3.96 3.83
Embellishment 43.90 37.57
Traditional language differences
• In other CMC contexts, studies have found that females use language that is polite, appreciative, and cooperative (Herring, 2000, 2001; Savicki, 1996)
• By contrast, males use language that is more confident (Arnold & Miller, 1999), more aggressive, and less concerned with politeness (Herring, 2000, 2001)
The role of identity• In previous work, identity has been
approached in terms of the relationships between the internal experience, such as personality and self-definition, and the external world, such as social relationships and shared values (Erikson, 1993; Freud, 1989; Jung, 1976; Lacan, 1986)
• The Internet has provided a new context for identity exploration, as the virtual world provides a venue to explore a complex set of relationships that is flexible and potentially anonymous
On the internet, everybody knows if you’re a dog! • While this study supports the social
interactionist perspective, in as much as language is being used to construct and reflect adolescent identity (Harter, 1998), multiple "public" faces were not the norm. Instead, our data suggest a tendency for adolescents to use language to create an anchor and a consistent public face as they engage in the very serious business of constructing a stable cohesive set of representations of who they are
Girlpower!
• Interestingly, the blogs created by young males and females are more alike than different. Perhaps the technical ease of use of blogs levels the differences between males and females, or perhaps this generation of Internet users is becoming more androgynous in its online communication and interaction
Blogs lige nu
• Mest populære blogs på Technorati
• Danske blogs– Urbanblog– Nyhedsavisen– DR– TV2– Computerworld
Shields, R. (2003). The virtual. London: Routledge. Turkle, S. (1984). The second self: computers and the human spirit. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN: 0671468480Turkle, S. (1996). Life on the screen: identity in the age of the Internet. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson. ISBN: 0297815148