Post on 14-Apr-2018
7/30/2019 Digestive System Knp Note Taking Sheet
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Human Body Systems
Dv S
occurs when chemical _________
occur that break down large
molecules of food into smaller
ones.
Takes place when food is
__________, mixed, and churned.
This mainly occurs in the mouth
and stomach.
Digestion is the process that breaks down food into small molecules so that they can be
_________________ and moved into the blood, then on to the cells.
Food is processed in your body in ______ stages:
ingestion
_______________
absorption
elimination
Function of the Digestive System
name: __________________
Mechanical Digestion
Enzymes help you digest _______________________, fats and proteins.
_______________________ is an enzyme produced in a gland near the mouth.
Amylase helps speed up the breakdown of complex carbs, such as starch, into simpler carbs
- sugar.
In your stomach, the enzyme _______________________ helps in the breakdown of
complex proteins into less complex proteins. In your small _______________________, many other enzymes continue to speed up the
breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
The _______________________, an organ on the back outside of the stomach, releases
several enzymes through a tube into the small intestine.
They breakdown starches that started to be broken down in the mouth. The starches are
broken down into glucose to be used by cells.
Other enzymes from the pancreas are involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and proteins.
The Enzymes of Digestion
Chemical DigestionTYPES OFDIGESTION
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tongue
__________
salivary glands
liver
_______________
pancreas
The human digestive system is like a long tube with specialized sections. If it is stretched
out, it would be _________ meters long. Absolutely __________-_________________!
One Long Tube
2SECTIONS OFDIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mechanical and _______________ digestion begins in the mouth.
Mechanical digestion - when you chew with your teeth and mix with your tongue.
Chemical digestion - watery substances called saliva is added to your mouth. Saliva is
produced by 3 sets of glands near your mouth.
_______________ - mostly water, but also
contains mucus and an enzyme that helps in
the breakdown of starch into sugar.
Food mixed with saliva becomes a soft mass
and is moved to the back of your mouth by
your ______________.
It is swallowed and passes into your
esophagus.
_________________ is now complete.
Mouth
mouth
esophagus
____________
small intestine
large intestine___________
anus
Digestive Tract - which food passes through Accessory Organs - which food doesnt pass through
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Food that passes from the mouth into the esophagus,
first passes the _______________.
Epiglottis - structure that automatically covers the
opening to the wind pipe to prevent food from
entering the lungs and causing you to choke.
Esophagus - muscular tube about ______ cm long. It
takes ____________ seconds for food to travel
through it.
No digestion takes place in the esophagus, but there are
_______________ glands in the wall to keep the food moist.
The walls are made of smooth muscles, which move the food down to the stomach with a
squeezing motion called ___________________________.
Stomach - muscular bag, that when empty is sausage shaped with folds on the inside.
As food enters, the stomach expands and the ____________ smooth out.
Mechanical and chemical digestion take place here.
Mechanical - food is mixed by peristalsis
Chemical - food is mixed with enzymes and strong digestive solutions, like hydrochloric
acid.
Specialized cells in the walls of the stomach release about _______ liters of HCl solution
each day. WOW!!
The acidic solution works with the enzyme ____________ to digest protein. It also
destroys bacteria that are present in the food.
The stomach also produces ____________,making the food slippery and protects the
stomach from the strong, digestive solutions.
Food moves out of the stomach after
_________ hours and is changed into a thin,
water liquid called ______________.
Little by little chyme leaves the stomach and
moves to the small intestine.
Stomach
Esophagus
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The small intestine is small in diameter, but is ________ meters longs!
Food from the stomach enters the first section of the small intestine called the
_________________. Most digestion takes place here.
A greenish fluid, _____________, is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
The acid from the stomach makes large fat particles float to the top of the bile.
Bile breaks up the large fat particles, similar to the way detergent breaks up grease.
Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats occurs when a digestive solution
from the pancreas is mixed in. The solution contains bicarbonate ions to _____________
the stomach acid and enzymes to continue the breakdown.
Your pancreas also makes _____________, a hormone that allows glucose to pass from
the blood stream into your cells.
_____________ of food nutrients takes place in the small intestine.
The wall of the small intestine has many ridges and folds that are covered with fingerlike
projections called _____________.
Villi increase the surface area of the small intestine so that the nutrients in the chyme have
more places to be absorbed.
By how much do villi increase the surface area of the small intestine? If you were to stretch
out the villi of the small intestine they
would cover a
___________________!!
Peristalsis continues to move and mix
the chyme.
Nutrients move into the
________________ vessels within
the villi. The blood transports the
nutrients to all cells of your body.
Peristalsis continues to force the
remaining ________________ and
unabsorbed materials slowly into the
large intestine.
Small Intestine
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When the chyme enters the large intestine it is still thin and ________________.
The main job of the large intestine is to ________________ water from the undigested
mass.
This keeps large amounts of water in your body and maintains ________________. Peristalsis ____________________ in the large intestine.
The chyme might stay there for as long as
_____ days.
After the excess water is absorbed the
undigested material become more
____________.
________________ in the rectum (the lastsection of the large intestine) and the anus
control the release of semisolid wastes from
the body in the form of feces.
Large Intestine
Many types of ________________ are in your body.
They live in many of the organs in your digestive tract, including your mouth and large
intestine, where both your body and the bacteria are ________________.
Bacteria in your large intestine feed on undigested material like cellulose. The bacteria
make vitamins you need- vitamin K and 2 vitamin Bs.
Vitamin K is needed is needed for blood ________________. The Vitamin Bs are
needed for your ________________ system for other body functions.
The breakdown of intestinal materials by bacteria produces gas.
Bacteria Are Important