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StarchyStaples(54%)

Fruits(21%)

Meat, Fish and

Eggs

(4%)

Vegetables

(17%)

Low dietary

Intake ofCalcium

(Pro) Vitamin A rich Oils

(1%)

Moderate dietary

Intake ofFolic Acid, Iron and

Zinc

Adequatedietary Intake

of Energy, Protein,

Vitamin A andVitamin C

Others

(3%)

• Food Frequency Questionnaires

• Food Composition Tables

Construction

• 24h-Recalls

• Result verification with standard nutrition software (here: Nutrisurvey®)

Validation

• Fast and easy assessment of dietary intakes

• Results are subdivided into contributing food (groups)

• Algorithm considers mineral bioavailability

• Comparison with WHO RNI

• Geomapping

Android Application

Dietary assessment using the CIMI approach:A case study from three districts of the Ashanti region in Ghana

Julian Philipp Wald1, Emmanuel Asare1,2, Emmanuel Kweku Nakua2,

Christine Lambert1, Hans Konrad Biesalski1, Ute Gola1, Donatus Nohr1

1 Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutritional Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany2 School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

julian.wald@uni-hohenheim.de

Institute of Biological Chemistry

and Nutritional Science (140)

University of Hohenheim

70599 Stuttgart, Germany

Introduction

• Nutrient gap assessment of people living in food insecurity helps to educateand support families and small holder farmers to improve their diet

• However, regional food security is often evaluated using non-specific data ofsocio-economic surveys (e.g. food balance sheets) that are not directly basedon food intake

»This study illustrates the calculator of inadequate micronutrient intake (CIMI)approach; an android application that determines dietary energy, protein andmicronutrient intakes based on regional dietary patterns

Methodology

3rd International Conference on

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY

3-6 December 2017

Cape Town, South Africa

Results

Conclusion• In the Ashanti region, WHO RNIs are acquired largely by dietary nutrient intake

• However, calcium intake is limited and deficits of dietary iron as well as zincare observed in women of reproductive age and children <5y, respectively

• The software results can easily be used by different stakeholders(e.g. nutritionists, farmers, politicians, economists) to influence product lines,markets and finally the (micro-) economy

Fig. 1: Screenshot demonstration of the CIMI android application

District Population Energy

Intake

[kcal/d]

Protein

Intake

[g/d]

Vitamin A

Intake

[%RNI]

Folic Acid

Intake

[%RNI]

Vitamin C

Intake

[%RNI]

Iron

Intake

[%RNI]

Zinc

Intake

[%RNI]

Calcium

Intake

[%RNI]

Ahafo

Ano

Children

(<5y; n=31)893±352 31.1±14.6 113±85.1 107±81.7 129±128 102±48.4 50.1±22.3 22.8±9.56

Women

(19-50y; n=40)2107±686 74.1±30.5 186±216 113±90.4 328±175 46.9±21.8 99.4±43.0 36.6±14.4

Obuasi Children

(<5y; n=22)1214±388 36.1±18.8 195±94.5 169±164 128±64.5 147±84.8 62.1±31.2 36.2±13.9

Women

(19-50y; n=37)2022±554 60.9±26.3 238±161 83.0±74.9 187±156 40.5±24.4 82.2±40.8 34.2±15.2

Kumasi Children

(<5y; n=30)1238±403 39.7±14.8 168±137 126±108 165±103 159±85.8 68.8±27.0 37.3±18.7

Women

(19-50y; n=42)2528±964 83.8±47.0 274±187 114±106 243±176 56.8±27.5 120±63.1 42.6±22.5

Total Children

(<5y; n=83)1115±381 35.6±16.1 158±106 134±118 141±98.4 136±73.0 60.3±26.8 32.1±14.1

Women

(19-50y; n=119)2219±735 73.0±34.6 233±188 103±90.6 253±169 48.1±24.6 100±49.0 37.8±17.4

Tab. 1: Absolute and percentage dietary energy and nutrient intakes ofchildren <5y and women in reproductive age compared to respective WHO RNIs

R² = 0.96570

10

20

30

40

0 10 20 30 40

Iro

n In

take

mg

/d (

CIM

I)

Iron Intake mg/d (NutriSurvey®)

R² = 0.96830

5

10

15

20

25

0 5 10 15 20 25

Iro

n In

take

mg

/d (

CIM

I)

Iron Intake mg/d (NutriSurvey®)

Fig.2: Correlation between CIMI and NutriSurvey® of dietary iron intake inchildren <5y (A; n=83) and women of reproductive age (B; n=119)

Fig. 3: Dietary pattern of people livingin the Ashanti region of Ghana

Fig. 4: Mean dietary energy andnutrient intakes of study participants

• Dietary pattern in the Ashanti region of Ghana is characterized by starchystaples (54%), fruits (21%) and vegetables (17%)

• Results show an intake of energy, protein and most micronutrients aboverecommendations (RNI), due to a moderate consumption of animal-basedfood and substantial intakes of (pro) vitamin A rich oils, vegetables and fruits.

• Iron uptake of women in reproductive age and zinc uptake of children <5yis <50% and ~60% RNI, respectively

• Virtually no dairy products are part of the diet in the Ashanti region, resultingin an overall low calcium intake (<40% RNI).

A B