Post on 30-Dec-2015
Diderot’s Encyclopedia
- 1751- A large set of books with articles and essays expressing Enlightenment views
- Banned by the French government and Catholic Church, who feared the ideas may inspire revolts
Changes in Music
• Classical music emerges, which was a new lighter, elegant style of music.
• Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven.
Franz Joseph Haydn
• Developed new forms categorized as classical music– Sonata– Symphony
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• Began composing at age 5
• Set new standards of elegance and originality
• Great Operas– Famous Work: Don Giovanni
Ludwig van Beethoven
• Created symphonies which used the instruments of strings and the piano
• Enormous range from high to low
• His work leads to the beginning of the Age of Romanticism
Samuel Richardson
• Wrote first true English novel
• Story focused around a young girl who resists her master’s advances– Consisted of a plot, suspense, climax, and
detailed characters
Changes in Literature
• Novels become popular- long works of prose fiction- plots, suspense, thoughts and feelings of characters; read for entertainment
• Richardson, Fielding
Frederick the Great
• ruled Prussia (modern day Germany)
• Allowed religious freedom
• reduced censorship• improved education• did nothing to end
serfdom• Believed his goal was
to serve and strengthen the state and support the citizens
Joseph II
• ruled Austria• Made legal reforms• allowed free press• free worship• abolished serfdom
(peasants paid in cash)
• nobles disliked and reversed reforms after he died
Catherine the Great • ruled Russia• reviewed Russia’s laws
and made recommendations for improvements, but they were not carried out
• did little to improve the life of peasants, and gave nobles total power over them after peasants revolted
• expanded Russia into Poland
• gained a port on the Black Sea after war with the Ottomans.
Salons
• Social gatherings in large drawing rooms, most intense in Paris (the center of the Enlightenment).
• People gathered to discuss Enlightenment ideas.
• Salons helped to spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe. The middle class became increasingly aware and supportive of new ideas.
Neoclassical Style
• New art and architectural style that replaced baroque in the 1700s.
• While baroque style was grand and ornate, neoclassical was simple and elegant.
Examples of Baroque-
Examples of Neoclassical
Enlightened Despots-
• Monarchs who embraced Enlightenment ideas and made reforms (changes) that reflected new ideas
• Tried to make countries stronger and rule more effectively