Post on 30-May-2018
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DevelopmentsinthePreparation
andUse
of
Bio
Char
RayChrisman,Universityof
Washington,
USA
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Direct
measurement
ofcarbon
dioxide
indicatesthat
thelevelhas
definitely
been
rising
forthelast50
yearsthough
variationsin
concentration
areanatural
event.
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Naturalfluxesofcarbondioxidearevery
largebutdataindicatesthatthecurrent
increaseis
related
to
fossil
fuel
consumption
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Carbondioxideis
themostabundant
greenhousegas
but
emissionsofother
gasesare
significant
contributorsandanyreductionin
theiremissionswill
behelpful
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Sequestration
side
of
the
CO2
issue
StabilizingCO2
at400ppmrequires
approximately35GTCO2(~10GTcarbon)
to
bewithdrawn
from
the
atmosphere
by
2030
http://www.vattenfall.com/www/ccc/ccc/577730downl/index.jsp
Thequestionishowcanitbedoneandwhere
canweputit? Inthewaterorontheland?
http://www.vattenfall.com/www/ccc/ccc/577730downl/index.jsphttp://www.vattenfall.com/www/ccc/ccc/577730downl/index.jsp8/9/2019 Developments in the Preparation and Use of Bio-Char
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Production and use of biochar can be asignificant component of a CO2
sequestration program
AgricharTM productis
derivedfrom
Slow
Pyrolysis
whichinvolvesheatingbiomassintheabsence(or
reduced
supply)
of
air
AgricharTM productdeliverssignificantagriculturalandenvironmentalbenefits
whilstsequesteringcarboninsoil
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HowBioChar
canenhancethelifetimeofland
sequestrationof
carbon
100
50
10
1 32
Bio-char
Un-charred organic matter
4 5
Years
Carbonremaining(%)
Lehmannetal.,2006,MitigationandAdaptationStrategiesforGlobalChange
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TerraPreta:Evidenceoflongevityinthesoil
5007000yearsold Amazon Extremeenvironmentforfastorganics
turnover
10%TotalCarbon,35%ofwhichisBlackCarbon.Char 3.5%oftotalsoil.
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Photos:JulieMajor,CornellUniversity
The terra preta example of improvedplant growth
Itcan
reduce
soil
release
of
nitrous
oxide
by
80%
and
completelysuppresssoilreleaseofmethane
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Thusthegoodnewsisthattheuse
ofbiochar notonlysequesterscarbon,italsoreducesother
greenhousegas
emissions
and
it
improvesplantgrowth
Evenbetter,thebiochar processisaco
product
process
for
energy
and
biochar
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Biochar a Gigaton response
Source:Lehmann,2007,Nature
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
G
t
C
arb
o
n
Annualpotentialforbiochar
sequestration
Hypothetical
(40%biomass
to
biochar)
High
Low
Gauntunpublished
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Biochar appearstohavepositiveenvironmentalfeatures
However,
if
we
are
going
to
put
billionsoftonsofthismaterialinthesoilwehadbetterhaveagood
understandingof
the
potential
impact
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Bulkcompositionofatypicalbiomassmaterial. Dependingon
heatingratethecellulosecrosslinks
ordepolymerizes. Final
temp(low)
aliphatic
rings
or
(high)
aromatic
rings
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Biomassalsohasthefollowingcomponents
Extractables suchasresins,starches,waxes,lipids,hydrocarbonsandvariousphenolics whichintotalareonlyabout15%onadrybasis.
WaterAshwhichisthemetalionsandsilica.Ashcan
varyfrom
0.5%
for
most
woods
to
over
20%
in
cerealgrains. Cancauseprocessandproduct
problems
IBIconference9/08
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Almostanytimebiomassis
burnedin
nature
both
pyrolysis andoxidationoccurs
Oftenbothprocessesoccursuchthatoxidation
(burning)
is
on
the
outside
and
provides
the
heat
forpyrolysis whichisgoingoninside. Thebiochar thatfirstformsisthenburnedwhenoxygencanfinallyreachit.
Forexample,theburningofcigarettes
Howdowegetjustbiochar?
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Therearemanyvariationsinpyrolysis
for
theproduction
of
energy
and
biochar
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Theenergycoproductisderived
fromthe
smoke.
Careful
processing
canbeusedtoproduceenough
energyto
help
reduce
the
need
to
burnfossilfuels
Withoutprocessingthesmokeisa
source
of
gases
that
have
a
higher
greenhouseeffectthanCO2
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Thepyrolysis
processestypicallyproducethree
generalproduct
types
based
on
physical
state
Agasthatismostlysyngas(H2andCO)withsomelighthydrocarbons
Acomplexhydrocarbonliquid(biooil)andwater
Asolidchar(primaryandsecondary)andash
Therelativeyieldsandcompositionoftheseproductsareafunctionofprocessconditions
andstarting
materials.
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Theseliquidsneedtobecapturedandnotallowedtocondenseon thechar
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Propertiesofbiochar areafunctionofprocessingtemperature
and
starting
material
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BESTs AustralianDemofacility
Fullycontinuouswith
Integrateddrying
Handles
biomass
with
up
to
50%moisture
Canprocesshighandlowash
biomass
Syngas
producedruns300
kWe
internalcombustion
engine
Approx.35%yieldbyweight
Canbescaledtoprocess48
&
96
dry
ton/dayIBIconference 9/08
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Theintegratedcontinuousprocesscanaltertheratio
betweenbiochar
andenergyproduction
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WhatisAgrichar TM biochar?
AgricharTM productisderivedfromSlowPyrolysis
andisa
primarycharwhichmeansit
maintainsmuch
of
its
originalphysicalstructure.
Thisstructureseemstosupportenhancedmicrobialgrowth,
aid
in
water
retentionandenhancedsoilstructure.
ThematerialhasgoodCECandhasalonglifetimeinthesoil.
The
material
has
no
odor
and
lowresiduals.IBIconference 9/08
Th i f i k h UN i i
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The waterretentionfeatureisakeyreasontheUNispromotingtheuseofbiochar tocombatdesertification
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Distributedmanufacturingmodelfor
biochar fromdairymanureDrymanureto50%solidsbeforetransporttofacility;freshis
165lb/day/cow,12%
solids.
Reduces
methane
emissions
from
currentstorageapproach
Collectmanurefromdairies,260sitesindentifiedinUSwiththeneeded12,700cowswithin3050kmofapotentialfacility
Operate96tpd
drybasisfeedtocoproduceenergyand
biochar
Exportenergytolocaluser;graindryer,milkprocessor,etc.,
potentially47
trillion
BTU/year
for
rural
use
Sellbiochar,750millionpounds
2530%internalrateofreturndependingonproductmix
The project was supported by the Small Business Innovation Research program ofthe U.S. Department of Agriculture, grant number 2008-33610-18876
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Thereareasignificantnumberofusesforbiochar dependingonperformancepropertiesofmaterialproduced
The project was supported by the Small Business Innovation Research programof the U.S. Department of Agriculture, grant number 2008-33610-18876
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Additionalpotential
Environmental
benefitsfrombiochar
usage
Biochar
hasbeendemonstratedto
capture
metals
(Lima,
USDA).
Potential
to
filterwaterfromminetailings
Aprogrambeingdevelopedtoclean
farmrunoff
to
reduce
nitrates,
phosphatesandherbicides(Allred,USDA)
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Summaryofpotentialbenefits
of thebiochar processSequester
Carbon
Dioxide
Generateenergy
Solvesome
waste
management
issues
like
disposalofmanure
Improvesoilquality
Thisprogramisnowherenearthe1gigaton rangeneededtohaveasignificantimpactonCO2emissions
but
it
could
be
acost
effective
start